The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah Iron II
![The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah Iron II Period The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah Iron II Period](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-1.jpg)
![Traditional/Conventional Chronology: Iron I (1200 -1000 BC): The Period of the Conquest and the Traditional/Conventional Chronology: Iron I (1200 -1000 BC): The Period of the Conquest and the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-2.jpg)
![See Textbook, p. 122 Mazar’s “The Modified Conventional Chronology” 3 See Textbook, p. 122 Mazar’s “The Modified Conventional Chronology” 3](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-3.jpg)
![Biblical Data: 1 Kings 11. 26 -14. 21: -1 Kings 11. 26 -40: The Biblical Data: 1 Kings 11. 26 -14. 21: -1 Kings 11. 26 -40: The](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-4.jpg)
![1 Kings: - Jeroboam, a former servant of Solomon and from the tribe of 1 Kings: - Jeroboam, a former servant of Solomon and from the tribe of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-5.jpg)
![6 6](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-6.jpg)
![Capital Cities of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 7 Capital Cities of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-7.jpg)
![Mahanaim (? ) and Peniel in Transjordan. 8 Mahanaim (? ) and Peniel in Transjordan. 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-8.jpg)
![1 Kings: -1 Kings 14. 19 -20: reign of Jeroboam. His death and the 1 Kings: -1 Kings 14. 19 -20: reign of Jeroboam. His death and the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-9.jpg)
![10 10](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-10.jpg)
![1 Kings: -1 Kings 16. 23: Omri began to reign over Israel; - 1 1 Kings: -1 Kings 16. 23: Omri began to reign over Israel; - 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-11.jpg)
![12 12](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-12.jpg)
![2 Kings: - 2 Kings: opens during the short reign of Ahaziah king of 2 Kings: - 2 Kings: opens during the short reign of Ahaziah king of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-13.jpg)
![2 Kings: - 2 Kings 17. 5: the King of Assyria invaded all the 2 Kings: - 2 Kings 17. 5: the King of Assyria invaded all the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-14.jpg)
![Samaria: Capital City of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 15 Samaria: Capital City of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 15](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-15.jpg)
![16 16](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-16.jpg)
![17 17](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-17.jpg)
![18 18](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-18.jpg)
![2 Kings: - 2 Kings 18. 1: King Hezekiah (727/715 -698/687 BC) king of 2 Kings: - 2 Kings 18. 1: King Hezekiah (727/715 -698/687 BC) king of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-19.jpg)
![20 20](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-20.jpg)
![21 21](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-21.jpg)
![2 Kings: - 2 Kings 22. 1 -30: Josiah (640 -609 BC): a righteous 2 Kings: - 2 Kings 22. 1 -30: Josiah (640 -609 BC): a righteous](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-22.jpg)
![23 23](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-23.jpg)
![1 and 2 Chronicles (we saw this previously): - “Chronicles” – a summary of 1 and 2 Chronicles (we saw this previously): - “Chronicles” – a summary of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-24.jpg)
![2 Chronicles 10 -36: -The emergence, continuation, and fall of the kingdom of Judah. 2 Chronicles 10 -36: -The emergence, continuation, and fall of the kingdom of Judah.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-25.jpg)
![26 26](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-26.jpg)
![Finkelstein: What was the first Israelite territorial entity? No direct proof in the archaeological Finkelstein: What was the first Israelite territorial entity? No direct proof in the archaeological](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-27.jpg)
![1 Kings 11. 40; 14. 25; invasion documented in Egyptian sources and in the 1 Kings 11. 40; 14. 25; invasion documented in Egyptian sources and in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-28.jpg)
![Finkelstein: The rise of an Israelites entity farther north; The Northern Kingdom in the Finkelstein: The rise of an Israelites entity farther north; The Northern Kingdom in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-29.jpg)
![30 30](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-30.jpg)
![Tell Qarqur in the Orontes River Valley in Syria. 31 Tell Qarqur in the Orontes River Valley in Syria. 31](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-31.jpg)
![Tell Qarqur – An ASOR Sponsored Excavation. 32 Tell Qarqur – An ASOR Sponsored Excavation. 32](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-32.jpg)
![Stele of Shalmaneser III that reports on Battle of Qarqar (Kurkh Stele) (853 33 Stele of Shalmaneser III that reports on Battle of Qarqar (Kurkh Stele) (853 33](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-33.jpg)
![The Mesha Inscription/Moabite Stone (ca. 850 BC) 34 The Mesha Inscription/Moabite Stone (ca. 850 BC) 34](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-34.jpg)
![Tel Dan Inscription with phrases “King of I[s-]rael” and “House of David” (9 th Tel Dan Inscription with phrases “King of I[s-]rael” and “House of David” (9 th](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-35.jpg)
![Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria (reigned 858 -824 BC) 36 Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria (reigned 858 -824 BC) 36](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-36.jpg)
![“Jehu, son of Omri” (845/841 -818/814 BC), on the Black Obelisk 37 of Shalmaneser “Jehu, son of Omri” (845/841 -818/814 BC), on the Black Obelisk 37 of Shalmaneser](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-37.jpg)
![38 38](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-38.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Archaeology: - Building operations on the part of the Omrides: - Megiddo: two Finkelstein: Archaeology: - Building operations on the part of the Omrides: - Megiddo: two](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-39.jpg)
![Megiddo – artistic reconstruc tion. 40 Megiddo – artistic reconstruc tion. 40](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-40.jpg)
![Palaces: Nos. 1723, 6000, 338. 41 Palaces: Nos. 1723, 6000, 338. 41](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-41.jpg)
![Mason Marks on Ashlar Blocks from Palace 1723 at Megiddo. 42 Mason Marks on Ashlar Blocks from Palace 1723 at Megiddo. 42](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-42.jpg)
![Hazor – Upper City. 43 Hazor – Upper City. 43](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-43.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Northern Kingdom: - A territorial state comprised of both highland lowland areas; - Finkelstein: Northern Kingdom: - A territorial state comprised of both highland lowland areas; -](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-44.jpg)
![45 45](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-45.jpg)
![46 46](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-46.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Northern Kingdom: - A short period of time; - political circumstances change dramatically; Finkelstein: Northern Kingdom: - A short period of time; - political circumstances change dramatically;](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-47.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - In 10 th and early-9 th century (Textbook, p. 151): - Finkelstein: Judah: - In 10 th and early-9 th century (Textbook, p. 151): -](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-48.jpg)
![49 49](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-49.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - In the Shephelah: Lachish and Beth-shemesh; - Lachish: the “second city” Finkelstein: Judah: - In the Shephelah: Lachish and Beth-shemesh; - Lachish: the “second city”](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-50.jpg)
![51 51](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-51.jpg)
![52 52](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-52.jpg)
![Lachish – Aerial View 53 Lachish – Aerial View 53](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-53.jpg)
![Lachish – Ground Plan. 54 Lachish – Ground Plan. 54](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-54.jpg)
![55 55](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-55.jpg)
![Beth-shemesh – Aerial View from the South. 56 Beth-shemesh – Aerial View from the South. 56](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-56.jpg)
![Beth-shemesh – Reservoir. 57 Beth-shemesh – Reservoir. 57](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-57.jpg)
![58 58](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-58.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - In Jerusalem: - first signs of significant building activity appear to Finkelstein: Judah: - In Jerusalem: - first signs of significant building activity appear to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-59.jpg)
![“Stepped-Stone Structure”: City of David (10 th century th 60 “Stepped-Stone Structure”: City of David (10 th century th 60](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-60.jpg)
![Gihon Spring – Interior 61 Gihon Spring – Interior 61](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-61.jpg)
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 62 Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 62](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-62.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - In early 9 th century: Judah under the northern Israelite, that Finkelstein: Judah: - In early 9 th century: Judah under the northern Israelite, that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-63.jpg)
![64 64](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-64.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - End of 9 th century and the beginning of the 8 Finkelstein: Judah: - End of 9 th century and the beginning of the 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-65.jpg)
![The Jebusite City that David Allegedly Conquered – Artistic 66 The Jebusite City that David Allegedly Conquered – Artistic 66](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-66.jpg)
![Jerusalem in the 8 th Century BC 67 Jerusalem in the 8 th Century BC 67](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-67.jpg)
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 68 Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 68](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-68.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - Reasons for Judah’s development: - the incorporation of Judah in the Finkelstein: Judah: - Reasons for Judah’s development: - the incorporation of Judah in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-69.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - Growith: due to a flow of refugees from the north following Finkelstein: Judah: - Growith: due to a flow of refugees from the north following](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-70.jpg)
![71 71](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-71.jpg)
![Lachish – Aerial View 72 Lachish – Aerial View 72](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-72.jpg)
![Lachish – Ground Plan (late 8 th century BC). 73 Lachish – Ground Plan (late 8 th century BC). 73](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-73.jpg)
![Lachish – Artistic Reconstruction (late 8 th century BC) 74 Lachish – Artistic Reconstruction (late 8 th century BC) 74](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-74.jpg)
![Sennacherib’s Siege Ramp at Lachish (701 BC); Sennacher’s reign 704 -681 BC) 75 Sennacherib’s Siege Ramp at Lachish (701 BC); Sennacher’s reign 704 -681 BC) 75](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-75.jpg)
![76 76](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-76.jpg)
![Sennacherib Making an Offering to the God. 77 Sennacherib Making an Offering to the God. 77](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-77.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - Hezekiah (715 -687 BC): abolished shrines at Arad, Beersheba, and Lachish Finkelstein: Judah: - Hezekiah (715 -687 BC): abolished shrines at Arad, Beersheba, and Lachish](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-78.jpg)
![Finkelstein: Judah: - Served to reconcile southerners and northerners within Judah; - served for Finkelstein: Judah: - Served to reconcile southerners and northerners within Judah; - served for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-79.jpg)
![Mazar (Textbook, pp. 159 ff): - Adheres to a United Monarchy in the 10 Mazar (Textbook, pp. 159 ff): - Adheres to a United Monarchy in the 10](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-80.jpg)
![Mazar: - Extensive archaeological research in Israel and Jordan; - on settlement patterns, demography, Mazar: - Extensive archaeological research in Israel and Jordan; - on settlement patterns, demography,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-81.jpg)
![Jehoash Inscription. 82 Jehoash Inscription. 82](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-82.jpg)
![Drawing of Jehoash Inscription. 83 Drawing of Jehoash Inscription. 83](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-83.jpg)
![James Ossuary. 84 James Ossuary. 84](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-84.jpg)
![Inscription and its translation on the James Ossuary. 85 Inscription and its translation on the James Ossuary. 85](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-85.jpg)
![Mazar: - Controversy between the maximalists and the minimalists over the size of Jerusalem; Mazar: - Controversy between the maximalists and the minimalists over the size of Jerusalem;](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-86.jpg)
![Mazar: - Israel and Judah in the 9 th century BC (Textbook, pp. 160 Mazar: - Israel and Judah in the 9 th century BC (Textbook, pp. 160](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-87.jpg)
![88 88](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-88.jpg)
![Mazar: - The Northern Kingdom of Israel (Textbook, pp. 162 -63); 89 Mazar: - The Northern Kingdom of Israel (Textbook, pp. 162 -63); 89](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-89.jpg)
![Mazar: - Judah (Textbook, pp. 163 -66); - The Status of Judah during the Mazar: - Judah (Textbook, pp. 163 -66); - The Status of Judah during the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-90.jpg)
![Mazar: - the destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel and its meaning for Mazar: - the destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel and its meaning for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-91.jpg)
![The Oriental Institute of Chicago’s Prism of Sennacherib. 92 The Oriental Institute of Chicago’s Prism of Sennacherib. 92](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-92.jpg)
![93 93](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-93.jpg)
![Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-94.jpg)
![Expansion of Jerusalem to the West under Hezekiah (715 -687 95 Expansion of Jerusalem to the West under Hezekiah (715 -687 95](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-95.jpg)
![HEZEKIAH’S (BROAD) WALL - JERUSALEM. 96 HEZEKIAH’S (BROAD) WALL - JERUSALEM. 96](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-96.jpg)
![Mazar: The Status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC Mazar: The Status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-97.jpg)
![98 98](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-98.jpg)
![The domesticated camel (beginning in the Iron I Age) 99 The domesticated camel (beginning in the Iron I Age) 99](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-99.jpg)
![Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-100.jpg)
![Siloam Inscription – from the time of Hezeikah (715 -687 BC) 101 Siloam Inscription – from the time of Hezeikah (715 -687 BC) 101](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-101.jpg)
![Gihon Spring – Interior 102 Gihon Spring – Interior 102](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-102.jpg)
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 103 Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 103](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-103.jpg)
![Siloam Inscription – drawing of letters on the inscription 104 Siloam Inscription – drawing of letters on the inscription 104](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-104.jpg)
![Kuntillet `Ajrud Art and Text. 105 Kuntillet `Ajrud Art and Text. 105](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-105.jpg)
![106 106](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-106.jpg)
![Traditional Route of the Exodus between Egypt and the plains of Moab in Jordan. Traditional Route of the Exodus between Egypt and the plains of Moab in Jordan.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-107.jpg)
![Texts on Plaster from Tell Deir `Alla, Jordan Valley. 108 Texts on Plaster from Tell Deir `Alla, Jordan Valley. 108](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-108.jpg)
![Deir Alla – on the east side of the Jordan River, to the south Deir Alla – on the east side of the Jordan River, to the south](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-109.jpg)
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel to the Pool of 110 Siloam. Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel to the Pool of 110 Siloam.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-110.jpg)
![The Siloam Inscription Enhanced. 111 The Siloam Inscription Enhanced. 111](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-111.jpg)
![Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-112.jpg)
![Water System at Hazor. 113 Water System at Hazor. 113](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-113.jpg)
![Interior of the Water System at Hazor. 114 Interior of the Water System at Hazor. 114](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-114.jpg)
![Plan of the Water system at Hazor. 115 Plan of the Water system at Hazor. 115](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-115.jpg)
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel to the Pool of 116 Siloam. Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel to the Pool of 116 Siloam.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-116.jpg)
![Mazar: - Short-term events; and - Long-term processes (in Israel and Judah). - Short Mazar: - Short-term events; and - Long-term processes (in Israel and Judah). - Short](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-117.jpg)
![Mazar: Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can Mazar: Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-118.jpg)
![LMLK Stamped Jar handle. 119 LMLK Stamped Jar handle. 119](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-119.jpg)
![Mazar: Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can Mazar: Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-120.jpg)
![Mazar: Long-Term Processes: The Case of Israelite Religion (Textbook, pp. 174 -79) – this Mazar: Long-Term Processes: The Case of Israelite Religion (Textbook, pp. 174 -79) – this](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-121.jpg)
![Kuntillet `Ajrud Art and Text. 122 Kuntillet `Ajrud Art and Text. 122](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-122.jpg)
![Arad and its Judean Temple: - A broad hall with a niche, in which Arad and its Judean Temple: - A broad hall with a niche, in which](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-123.jpg)
![Arad and its Iron Age Temple 124 Arad and its Iron Age Temple 124](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-124.jpg)
![125 125](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-125.jpg)
![At Beer-sheba: -A four-horner altar. -The golden calves: -A “Bull Site” – 12 th At Beer-sheba: -A four-horner altar. -The golden calves: -A “Bull Site” – 12 th](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-126.jpg)
![Four-horned altar from Beer-sheba 127 Four-horned altar from Beer-sheba 127](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-127.jpg)
![128 128](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-128.jpg)
![129 129](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-129.jpg)
- Slides: 129
![The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah Iron II Period The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah Iron II Period](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-1.jpg)
The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah Iron II Period
![TraditionalConventional Chronology Iron I 1200 1000 BC The Period of the Conquest and the Traditional/Conventional Chronology: Iron I (1200 -1000 BC): The Period of the Conquest and the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-2.jpg)
Traditional/Conventional Chronology: Iron I (1200 -1000 BC): The Period of the Conquest and the Judges; Iron IIA (1000 -925 BC): The Period of the United Monarchy, that is, the time of David and Solomon; Iron IIB (925 -720 BC): The Divided Monarchy: Israel in the north with its capital at Samaria; Judah in the south with its capital at Jerusalem; Iron IIC (720 -586 BC): The Northern Kingdom of Israel is no more; the Southern Kingdom of Judah continues until the Babylonians destroy it in 586 BC. 2
![See Textbook p 122 Mazars The Modified Conventional Chronology 3 See Textbook, p. 122 Mazar’s “The Modified Conventional Chronology” 3](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-3.jpg)
See Textbook, p. 122 Mazar’s “The Modified Conventional Chronology” 3
![Biblical Data 1 Kings 11 26 14 21 1 Kings 11 26 40 The Biblical Data: 1 Kings 11. 26 -14. 21: -1 Kings 11. 26 -40: The](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-4.jpg)
Biblical Data: 1 Kings 11. 26 -14. 21: -1 Kings 11. 26 -40: The revolt of Jeroboam (against Solomon’s son Rehoboam); - 1 Kings 11. 41 -43: The end of the reign of Solomon; - 1 Kings 12: Political and Religious Schism: Jeroboam king of Israel and the setting up of the two golden calves: at Bethel, just to the N of Jerusalem; and at Dan, in far N. - Now two kingdoms: Judah in the south with its capital at Jerusalem; - Rehoboam, a son of Solomon, is King of Judah (1 Kings 14. 21). 4
![1 Kings Jeroboam a former servant of Solomon and from the tribe of 1 Kings: - Jeroboam, a former servant of Solomon and from the tribe of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-5.jpg)
1 Kings: - Jeroboam, a former servant of Solomon and from the tribe of Ephraim, is King of Israel (1 Kings 12. 20 [“There was no one who followed the house of David, except the tribe of Judah alone”]). - Israel in the north with its capital at Shechem – Israel separated from the House of David; - under the Omrides, the capital will later be transferred to Penuel, Tirzah, and finally Samaria; - Thus, two kingdoms, Israel in the north and Judah in the south; so we now have the so-called “Divided Kingdom. ” 5
![6 6](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-6.jpg)
6
![Capital Cities of the Northern Kingdom of Israel 7 Capital Cities of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-7.jpg)
Capital Cities of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 7
![Mahanaim and Peniel in Transjordan 8 Mahanaim (? ) and Peniel in Transjordan. 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-8.jpg)
Mahanaim (? ) and Peniel in Transjordan. 8
![1 Kings 1 Kings 14 19 20 reign of Jeroboam His death and the 1 Kings: -1 Kings 14. 19 -20: reign of Jeroboam. His death and the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-9.jpg)
1 Kings: -1 Kings 14. 19 -20: reign of Jeroboam. His death and the “Book of the Annals of the Kings of Israel”; -1 Kings 14. 25: “in the fifth year of King Rehoboam, King Shishak of Egypt came up against Jerusalem…. ”; -1 Kings 14. 30: “There was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam continually”; - 1 Kings 14. 29: “the rest of the acts of Rehoboam, and all that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Annals of the Kings of Judah? ” - 1 Kings 14. 31 ff: Rehoboam’s death and his successors; 9
![10 10](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-10.jpg)
10
![1 Kings 1 Kings 16 23 Omri began to reign over Israel 1 1 Kings: -1 Kings 16. 23: Omri began to reign over Israel; - 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-11.jpg)
1 Kings: -1 Kings 16. 23: Omri began to reign over Israel; - 1 Kings 16. 24: Omri and the city of Samaria; - 1 Kings 16. 29: Ahab, son of Omri, began to reign over Israel in Samaria; - 1 Kings 19. 15 -16: Hazael king over Aram; and Jehu will be anointed king over Israel; - 1 Kings 20. 1 -2: King Ben-hadad of Aram …. Marched against Samaria (see also 20. 26); - 1 Kings 22. 39 -40: death of Ahab and his acts written in the “Book of the Annals of the Kings of Israel”, etc. ; 11
![12 12](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-12.jpg)
12
![2 Kings 2 Kings opens during the short reign of Ahaziah king of 2 Kings: - 2 Kings: opens during the short reign of Ahaziah king of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-13.jpg)
2 Kings: - 2 Kings: opens during the short reign of Ahaziah king of Israel (mid-9 th century BC); - 2 Kings 1. 1: “After the death of Ahab, Moab rebelled against Israel” (see also 2 Kings 3: Israel, Judah, and Edom go to war against Moab); - 2 Kings 6: wars continue between Israel and Aram; - 2 Kings 10: Jehu king over Israel; - 2 Kings 14. 23 -29: The reign of Jeroboam, that is, Jeroboam II; 13
![2 Kings 2 Kings 17 5 the King of Assyria invaded all the 2 Kings: - 2 Kings 17. 5: the King of Assyria invaded all the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-14.jpg)
2 Kings: - 2 Kings 17. 5: the King of Assyria invaded all the land of Samaria, captured Samaria, and carried the Israelites away to Assyria; - 2 Kings 17. 7 -18: possible explanation for the end of the Northern Kingdom; an extended exposition of the Deuteronomistic theology; - 2 Kings 17. 24: king of Assyria brought people and placed them in the cities of Samaria; 14
![Samaria Capital City of the Northern Kingdom of Israel 15 Samaria: Capital City of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 15](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-15.jpg)
Samaria: Capital City of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 15
![16 16](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-16.jpg)
16
![17 17](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-17.jpg)
17
![18 18](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-18.jpg)
18
![2 Kings 2 Kings 18 1 King Hezekiah 727715 698687 BC king of 2 Kings: - 2 Kings 18. 1: King Hezekiah (727/715 -698/687 BC) king of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-19.jpg)
2 Kings: - 2 Kings 18. 1: King Hezekiah (727/715 -698/687 BC) king of Judah; - 2 Kings 18. 9 -10: King Shalmaneser (705 -681 BC) of Assyria besieged Samaria and took it; - 2 Kings 18. 13: Shalmaneser came up against all the cities of Judah and captured them (during the reign of Hezekiah); - 2 Kings 18. 15: Hezekiah pays tribute to Shalmaneser; as a result, the Assyrians did not take Jerusalem (19. 32 -34); 19
![20 20](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-20.jpg)
20
![21 21](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-21.jpg)
21
![2 Kings 2 Kings 22 1 30 Josiah 640 609 BC a righteous 2 Kings: - 2 Kings 22. 1 -30: Josiah (640 -609 BC): a righteous](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-22.jpg)
2 Kings: - 2 Kings 22. 1 -30: Josiah (640 -609 BC): a righteous king; a second Moses or Joshua to match the second David (Hezekiah); - 2 Kings 22. 3 -13: the Book of the Law (some form of Deuteronomy) found during repairs to the Temple; - 2 Kings 23. 1 -3: Josiah’s reform of religion; - 2 Kings 23. 31 -25. 30: The end of Judah. - 2 Kings 24: King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, captured and destroyed it. 22
![23 23](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-23.jpg)
23
![1 and 2 Chronicles we saw this previously Chronicles a summary of 1 and 2 Chronicles (we saw this previously): - “Chronicles” – a summary of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-24.jpg)
1 and 2 Chronicles (we saw this previously): - “Chronicles” – a summary of divine history; - the Chronicler wrote during the Persian period (539 -332 BC); - dependence upon the Books of Samuel is clear in the narration of Saul’s demise and David’s reign (1 Chr 1029); - dependence upon the Books of Kings is unmistakable in the narration of Solomon and the Judahite kingdom (2 Chr 1 -36); - the United Monarchy (1 Chronicles 10 -2 Chronicles 9); - the Chronicler has access to other biblical sources as well as non-biblical ones; - the Chronicler’s problem was how to reconcile all these sources. 24
![2 Chronicles 10 36 The emergence continuation and fall of the kingdom of Judah 2 Chronicles 10 -36: -The emergence, continuation, and fall of the kingdom of Judah.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-25.jpg)
2 Chronicles 10 -36: -The emergence, continuation, and fall of the kingdom of Judah. - the Chronicler concentrates his attention upon the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Levi, who make up the Southern Kingdom of Judah. 25
![26 26](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-26.jpg)
26
![Finkelstein What was the first Israelite territorial entity No direct proof in the archaeological Finkelstein: What was the first Israelite territorial entity? No direct proof in the archaeological](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-27.jpg)
Finkelstein: What was the first Israelite territorial entity? No direct proof in the archaeological record for the existence of an elaborate polity (political organization) in the highlands in the late-Iron I period (the late-11 th century) and the early Iron II period (much of the 10 th century BC); Iron I sites, ca. 90% of them, continued to be inhabited in the Iron II period; Exception for area north of Jerusalem, that is, around Gibeon and Bethel; He attributes this to Pharaoh Sheshonq’s (Shishak) campaign (late-10 th century BC; ca. 945 -924 BC). 27
![1 Kings 11 40 14 25 invasion documented in Egyptian sources and in the 1 Kings 11. 40; 14. 25; invasion documented in Egyptian sources and in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-28.jpg)
1 Kings 11. 40; 14. 25; invasion documented in Egyptian sources and in the archaeological record 28
![Finkelstein The rise of an Israelites entity farther north The Northern Kingdom in the Finkelstein: The rise of an Israelites entity farther north; The Northern Kingdom in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-29.jpg)
Finkelstein: The rise of an Israelites entity farther north; The Northern Kingdom in the time of the Omrides (early 9 th century BC); Extra-biblical Textual Evidence: Shalmaneser III (859 -824 BC), king of Assyria, mentions “Ahab the Israelite” as one of his opponents in the battle of Qarqar in western Syria in 853 BC; The Mesha Inscription (ca. 850 BC) mentions how the Omrides had conquered territories in Moab (mid-9 th century); Tel Dan Inscription (9 th or 8 th century; excavator dates it to the mid-9 th century) states that Israel took land from Aram; 29
![30 30](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-30.jpg)
30
![Tell Qarqur in the Orontes River Valley in Syria 31 Tell Qarqur in the Orontes River Valley in Syria. 31](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-31.jpg)
Tell Qarqur in the Orontes River Valley in Syria. 31
![Tell Qarqur An ASOR Sponsored Excavation 32 Tell Qarqur – An ASOR Sponsored Excavation. 32](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-32.jpg)
Tell Qarqur – An ASOR Sponsored Excavation. 32
![Stele of Shalmaneser III that reports on Battle of Qarqar Kurkh Stele 853 33 Stele of Shalmaneser III that reports on Battle of Qarqar (Kurkh Stele) (853 33](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-33.jpg)
Stele of Shalmaneser III that reports on Battle of Qarqar (Kurkh Stele) (853 33
![The Mesha InscriptionMoabite Stone ca 850 BC 34 The Mesha Inscription/Moabite Stone (ca. 850 BC) 34](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-34.jpg)
The Mesha Inscription/Moabite Stone (ca. 850 BC) 34
![Tel Dan Inscription with phrases King of Israel and House of David 9 th Tel Dan Inscription with phrases “King of I[s-]rael” and “House of David” (9 th](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-35.jpg)
Tel Dan Inscription with phrases “King of I[s-]rael” and “House of David” (9 th or 8 th century BC). 35
![Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III King of Assyria reigned 858 824 BC 36 Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria (reigned 858 -824 BC) 36](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-36.jpg)
Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria (reigned 858 -824 BC) 36
![Jehu son of Omri 845841 818814 BC on the Black Obelisk 37 of Shalmaneser “Jehu, son of Omri” (845/841 -818/814 BC), on the Black Obelisk 37 of Shalmaneser](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-37.jpg)
“Jehu, son of Omri” (845/841 -818/814 BC), on the Black Obelisk 37 of Shalmaneser III
![38 38](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-38.jpg)
38
![Finkelstein Archaeology Building operations on the part of the Omrides Megiddo two Finkelstein: Archaeology: - Building operations on the part of the Omrides: - Megiddo: two](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-39.jpg)
Finkelstein: Archaeology: - Building operations on the part of the Omrides: - Megiddo: two or three ashlar palaces; - Samaria, Jezreel, and Hazor: monumental architecture with large-scale filling and leveling operations; -The palace at Samaria is the largest and most elaborate Iron Age structure known in the Levant. 39
![Megiddo artistic reconstruc tion 40 Megiddo – artistic reconstruc tion. 40](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-40.jpg)
Megiddo – artistic reconstruc tion. 40
![Palaces Nos 1723 6000 338 41 Palaces: Nos. 1723, 6000, 338. 41](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-41.jpg)
Palaces: Nos. 1723, 6000, 338. 41
![Mason Marks on Ashlar Blocks from Palace 1723 at Megiddo 42 Mason Marks on Ashlar Blocks from Palace 1723 at Megiddo. 42](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-42.jpg)
Mason Marks on Ashlar Blocks from Palace 1723 at Megiddo. 42
![Hazor Upper City 43 Hazor – Upper City. 43](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-43.jpg)
Hazor – Upper City. 43
![Finkelstein Northern Kingdom A territorial state comprised of both highland lowland areas Finkelstein: Northern Kingdom: - A territorial state comprised of both highland lowland areas; -](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-44.jpg)
Finkelstein: Northern Kingdom: - A territorial state comprised of both highland lowland areas; - the hills of Samaria inhabited by 2 nd millennium sedentary and pastoralist population; - Cultural continuity of Canaanite traits: at Taanach and Megiddo (Textbook, p. 150); - Ethnic and cultural diversity: see in the Omride architecture; - Fortified compounds: at Megiddo and Jezreel; at Hazor on the border with Aram-Damascus; and at Gezer on the border with Philistia. 44
![45 45](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-45.jpg)
45
![46 46](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-46.jpg)
46
![Finkelstein Northern Kingdom A short period of time political circumstances change dramatically Finkelstein: Northern Kingdom: - A short period of time; - political circumstances change dramatically;](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-47.jpg)
Finkelstein: Northern Kingdom: - A short period of time; - political circumstances change dramatically; - a break in Assyrian pressure in the west led to the rise of Aram-Damascus; - result: the collapse of the Omride dynasty; - This in turn led to the rise of the first “national state” farther to the south, first and foremost in Judah (Textbook, p. 151). 47
![Finkelstein Judah In 10 th and early9 th century Textbook p 151 Finkelstein: Judah: - In 10 th and early-9 th century (Textbook, p. 151): -](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-48.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - In 10 th and early-9 th century (Textbook, p. 151): - Jerusalem: a relatively poor village; - ruled over a sparsely inhabited southern highland; - In 9 th century: - first signs of statehood in Judah: - in the Shephelah in the west and the Beer-sheba Valley in the south; 48
![49 49](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-49.jpg)
49
![Finkelstein Judah In the Shephelah Lachish and Bethshemesh Lachish the second city Finkelstein: Judah: - In the Shephelah: Lachish and Beth-shemesh; - Lachish: the “second city”](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-50.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - In the Shephelah: Lachish and Beth-shemesh; - Lachish: the “second city” of Judah; - Beth-shemesh: massive fortifications and an elaborate water system; - in the Beer-sheba Valley: Arad and Beer-sheba; - both fortified for the first time in the 9 th century; 50
![51 51](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-51.jpg)
51
![52 52](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-52.jpg)
52
![Lachish Aerial View 53 Lachish – Aerial View 53](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-53.jpg)
Lachish – Aerial View 53
![Lachish Ground Plan 54 Lachish – Ground Plan. 54](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-54.jpg)
Lachish – Ground Plan. 54
![55 55](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-55.jpg)
55
![Bethshemesh Aerial View from the South 56 Beth-shemesh – Aerial View from the South. 56](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-56.jpg)
Beth-shemesh – Aerial View from the South. 56
![Bethshemesh Reservoir 57 Beth-shemesh – Reservoir. 57](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-57.jpg)
Beth-shemesh – Reservoir. 57
![58 58](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-58.jpg)
58
![Finkelstein Judah In Jerusalem first signs of significant building activity appear to Finkelstein: Judah: - In Jerusalem: - first signs of significant building activity appear to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-59.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - In Jerusalem: - first signs of significant building activity appear to date to the 9 th century: the “terraces” and the “Stepped Stone Structure”; both built on the eastern slope of the City of David, near the Gihon spring; 59
![SteppedStone Structure City of David 10 th century th 60 “Stepped-Stone Structure”: City of David (10 th century th 60](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-60.jpg)
“Stepped-Stone Structure”: City of David (10 th century th 60
![Gihon Spring Interior 61 Gihon Spring – Interior 61](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-61.jpg)
Gihon Spring – Interior 61
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiahs Tunnel 62 Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 62](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-62.jpg)
Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 62
![Finkelstein Judah In early 9 th century Judah under the northern Israelite that Finkelstein: Judah: - In early 9 th century: Judah under the northern Israelite, that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-63.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - In early 9 th century: Judah under the northern Israelite, that is, Omride domination (see 2 Kings and the Tel Dan Inscription); - in first half of the 9 th century: a United Monarchy that stretched from Dan in the north to Beer-sheba in the south; the period of the Omrides; - Change: the fall of the Omride dynasty under the pressure of Aram-Damascus in the 840 s BC (Textbook, p. 152); - Israel’s grip over Judah ceased; - window of opportunity opened for Judah. 63
![64 64](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-64.jpg)
64
![Finkelstein Judah End of 9 th century and the beginning of the 8 Finkelstein: Judah: - End of 9 th century and the beginning of the 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-65.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - End of 9 th century and the beginning of the 8 th century BC; - In late 8 th century: Jerusalem grew to be the largest city in the entire country: massive fortifications; water from the Siloam pool; elaborate rock-cut tombs; evidence of an affluent elite; - monumental inscriptions: in the Siloam tunnel; on Siloam tombs; seal impressions (bullae); ostraca; lmlk storage jars; - large-scale, state-controlled, olive-oil production in the Shephelah, e. g. at Tel Miqne/Ekron. 65
![The Jebusite City that David Allegedly Conquered Artistic 66 The Jebusite City that David Allegedly Conquered – Artistic 66](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-66.jpg)
The Jebusite City that David Allegedly Conquered – Artistic 66
![Jerusalem in the 8 th Century BC 67 Jerusalem in the 8 th Century BC 67](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-67.jpg)
Jerusalem in the 8 th Century BC 67
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiahs Tunnel 68 Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 68](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-68.jpg)
Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 68
![Finkelstein Judah Reasons for Judahs development the incorporation of Judah in the Finkelstein: Judah: - Reasons for Judah’s development: - the incorporation of Judah in the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-69.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - Reasons for Judah’s development: - the incorporation of Judah in the Assyrian global economy (begun in the 730 s under Tiglath-pileser III); Judah participated in the Assyrian-dominated, Arabian-spice trade; - Sudden growth in population (Jerusalem in particular); - Jerusalem grew from ca. 5 ha to ca. 60 ha; and in population from 1, 000 to 10, 000 inhabitants; - increase in settlements in the hill country south of Jerusalem (Textbook, p. 154); - a doubling of Judah’s population. 69
![Finkelstein Judah Growith due to a flow of refugees from the north following Finkelstein: Judah: - Growith: due to a flow of refugees from the north following](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-70.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - Growith: due to a flow of refugees from the north following the conquest of Israel by Assyria in 722 BC; - A second wave of refugees in Jerusalem after the destruction of the Shephelah and the Beer-sheba Valley by Sennacherib in 701 BC; - Judah and Jerusalem: a mixed population of Judahite and ex-Israelites; - Archaeologically: a decline in settlements in the area between Shechem and Jerusalem; 70
![71 71](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-71.jpg)
71
![Lachish Aerial View 72 Lachish – Aerial View 72](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-72.jpg)
Lachish – Aerial View 72
![Lachish Ground Plan late 8 th century BC 73 Lachish – Ground Plan (late 8 th century BC). 73](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-73.jpg)
Lachish – Ground Plan (late 8 th century BC). 73
![Lachish Artistic Reconstruction late 8 th century BC 74 Lachish – Artistic Reconstruction (late 8 th century BC) 74](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-74.jpg)
Lachish – Artistic Reconstruction (late 8 th century BC) 74
![Sennacheribs Siege Ramp at Lachish 701 BC Sennachers reign 704 681 BC 75 Sennacherib’s Siege Ramp at Lachish (701 BC); Sennacher’s reign 704 -681 BC) 75](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-75.jpg)
Sennacherib’s Siege Ramp at Lachish (701 BC); Sennacher’s reign 704 -681 BC) 75
![76 76](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-76.jpg)
76
![Sennacherib Making an Offering to the God 77 Sennacherib Making an Offering to the God. 77](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-77.jpg)
Sennacherib Making an Offering to the God. 77
![Finkelstein Judah Hezekiah 715 687 BC abolished shrines at Arad Beersheba and Lachish Finkelstein: Judah: - Hezekiah (715 -687 BC): abolished shrines at Arad, Beersheba, and Lachish](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-78.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - Hezekiah (715 -687 BC): abolished shrines at Arad, Beersheba, and Lachish at the end of the 8 th century; - setting down the early history of Israel (1 Sam 16 -1 Kings 2): the History of David’s Rise to Power and the Court or Succession History; - written as an apologia: to vindicate David of any wrongdoing and to explain “what really happened”; - the late 8 th century BC: a Deuteronomistic writer or school; 78
![Finkelstein Judah Served to reconcile southerners and northerners within Judah served for Finkelstein: Judah: - Served to reconcile southerners and northerners within Judah; - served for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-79.jpg)
Finkelstein: Judah: - Served to reconcile southerners and northerners within Judah; - served for the rise of a pan-Israelite ideology; - the desire to unite “all Israel” within the borders of Judah; - point of departure for three centuries of scribal activity resulting in the biblical history of Israel as we know it (Textbook, p. 157). 79
![Mazar Textbook pp 159 ff Adheres to a United Monarchy in the 10 Mazar (Textbook, pp. 159 ff): - Adheres to a United Monarchy in the 10](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-80.jpg)
Mazar (Textbook, pp. 159 ff): - Adheres to a United Monarchy in the 10 th century BC, that is, the traditionalists’ view; - Also to two Israelite kingdoms following the short period of the United Monarchy; - the northern Kingdom of Israel lasted for only around 200 years during which it was ruled by several dynasties; - it was destroyed by the Assyrians in 732 and 722 BC; - Judah lasted more than 300 hundred years and was ruled during this entire time by a single dynasty, the House of David; - it was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586/87 BC. 80
![Mazar Extensive archaeological research in Israel and Jordan on settlement patterns demography Mazar: - Extensive archaeological research in Israel and Jordan; - on settlement patterns, demography,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-81.jpg)
Mazar: - Extensive archaeological research in Israel and Jordan; - on settlement patterns, demography, town planning, etc. ; - information on religious beliefs; - burial customs; - inscriptions, including seals and seal impressions (bullae), ostraca; - many of the finds can be related to biblical texts. 81
![Jehoash Inscription 82 Jehoash Inscription. 82](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-82.jpg)
Jehoash Inscription. 82
![Drawing of Jehoash Inscription 83 Drawing of Jehoash Inscription. 83](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-83.jpg)
Drawing of Jehoash Inscription. 83
![James Ossuary 84 James Ossuary. 84](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-84.jpg)
James Ossuary. 84
![Inscription and its translation on the James Ossuary 85 Inscription and its translation on the James Ossuary. 85](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-85.jpg)
Inscription and its translation on the James Ossuary. 85
![Mazar Controversy between the maximalists and the minimalists over the size of Jerusalem Mazar: - Controversy between the maximalists and the minimalists over the size of Jerusalem;](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-86.jpg)
Mazar: - Controversy between the maximalists and the minimalists over the size of Jerusalem; - A debate about the chronology of Judean sites in the 8 th 7 th centuries BC, e. g. , Lachish; 86
![Mazar Israel and Judah in the 9 th century BC Textbook pp 160 Mazar: - Israel and Judah in the 9 th century BC (Textbook, pp. 160](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-87.jpg)
Mazar: - Israel and Judah in the 9 th century BC (Textbook, pp. 160 -61); 87
![88 88](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-88.jpg)
88
![Mazar The Northern Kingdom of Israel Textbook pp 162 63 89 Mazar: - The Northern Kingdom of Israel (Textbook, pp. 162 -63); 89](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-89.jpg)
Mazar: - The Northern Kingdom of Israel (Textbook, pp. 162 -63); 89
![Mazar Judah Textbook pp 163 66 The Status of Judah during the Mazar: - Judah (Textbook, pp. 163 -66); - The Status of Judah during the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-90.jpg)
Mazar: - Judah (Textbook, pp. 163 -66); - The Status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC (see Textbook, pp. 166 -69). 90
![Mazar the destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel and its meaning for Mazar: - the destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel and its meaning for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-91.jpg)
Mazar: - the destruction of the northern kingdom of Israel and its meaning for Judah; - Hezekiah’s (ca. 715 -687 BC) rebellion against Sennacherib (704 -681 BC); -The Assyrian invasion of 701 BC; - Golden age of Judah under Hezekiah and his son Manasseh; - Judah, a vassal state under Assyria; - prosperity under Josiah (640 -609 BC); destruction of Judah and Jerusalem in 586 BC; 91
![The Oriental Institute of Chicagos Prism of Sennacherib 92 The Oriental Institute of Chicago’s Prism of Sennacherib. 92](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-92.jpg)
The Oriental Institute of Chicago’s Prism of Sennacherib. 92
![93 93](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-93.jpg)
93
![Mazar The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-94.jpg)
Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC (Textbook, pp. 166 -69); - Development of Judah and Jerusalem; - expansion of Jerusalem towards the Western Hill; - Hezekiah’s building activities on the Western Hill; - refugees settled in Jerusalem after 722 BC; - new towns and farmsteads established in the Judean hills around Jerusalem, in the northern Negev, and in the Judean desert (not before the 7 th century); 94
![Expansion of Jerusalem to the West under Hezekiah 715 687 95 Expansion of Jerusalem to the West under Hezekiah (715 -687 95](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-95.jpg)
Expansion of Jerusalem to the West under Hezekiah (715 -687 95
![HEZEKIAHS BROAD WALL JERUSALEM 96 HEZEKIAH’S (BROAD) WALL - JERUSALEM. 96](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-96.jpg)
HEZEKIAH’S (BROAD) WALL - JERUSALEM. 96
![Mazar The Status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC Mazar: The Status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-97.jpg)
Mazar: The Status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC (Textbook, pp. 166 -69); - Fortresses and stations along the Negev roads leading to the Red Sea and Edom; - related to the incense trade? - the fortress at Hazevah; - two cult places: at the entrance to Hazevah and at Horvat Qitmit; - the use of camels to cross desert routes; 97
![98 98](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-98.jpg)
98
![The domesticated camel beginning in the Iron I Age 99 The domesticated camel (beginning in the Iron I Age) 99](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-99.jpg)
The domesticated camel (beginning in the Iron I Age) 99
![Mazar The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-100.jpg)
Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC (Textbook, pp. 166 -69); - Knowledge of writing spread; - The Siloam Inscription; - literary texts and prayers written on plastered walls (at Kuntillet `Ajrud and Tell Deir `Alla – both outside Judah); - blessings incised on silver amulets; - ostraca from Lachish; - seals and seal impressions (bullae); - several papyrus documents from the Judean desert; 100
![Siloam Inscription from the time of Hezeikah 715 687 BC 101 Siloam Inscription – from the time of Hezeikah (715 -687 BC) 101](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-101.jpg)
Siloam Inscription – from the time of Hezeikah (715 -687 BC) 101
![Gihon Spring Interior 102 Gihon Spring – Interior 102](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-102.jpg)
Gihon Spring – Interior 102
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiahs Tunnel 103 Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 103](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-103.jpg)
Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel 103
![Siloam Inscription drawing of letters on the inscription 104 Siloam Inscription – drawing of letters on the inscription 104](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-104.jpg)
Siloam Inscription – drawing of letters on the inscription 104
![Kuntillet Ajrud Art and Text 105 Kuntillet `Ajrud Art and Text. 105](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-105.jpg)
Kuntillet `Ajrud Art and Text. 105
![106 106](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-106.jpg)
106
![Traditional Route of the Exodus between Egypt and the plains of Moab in Jordan Traditional Route of the Exodus between Egypt and the plains of Moab in Jordan.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-107.jpg)
Traditional Route of the Exodus between Egypt and the plains of Moab in Jordan. 107
![Texts on Plaster from Tell Deir Alla Jordan Valley 108 Texts on Plaster from Tell Deir `Alla, Jordan Valley. 108](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-108.jpg)
Texts on Plaster from Tell Deir `Alla, Jordan Valley. 108
![Deir Alla on the east side of the Jordan River to the south Deir Alla – on the east side of the Jordan River, to the south](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-109.jpg)
Deir Alla – on the east side of the Jordan River, to the south of the Sea of Galilee. 109
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiahs Tunnel to the Pool of 110 Siloam Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel to the Pool of 110 Siloam.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-110.jpg)
Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel to the Pool of 110 Siloam.
![The Siloam Inscription Enhanced 111 The Siloam Inscription Enhanced. 111](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-111.jpg)
The Siloam Inscription Enhanced. 111
![Mazar The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-112.jpg)
Mazar: The status of Judah during the 8 th and 7 th centuries BC (Textbook, pp. 166 -69); - Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can be detected by archaeological work; - attacks by Hazael, king of Damascus, in the 9 th century, e. g. , Hazor; - response to Assyrian threats in the form of defensive systems, e. g. , Lachish; - sophisticated water systems throughout the country; - huge stable compounds at Megiddo; 112
![Water System at Hazor 113 Water System at Hazor. 113](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-113.jpg)
Water System at Hazor. 113
![Interior of the Water System at Hazor 114 Interior of the Water System at Hazor. 114](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-114.jpg)
Interior of the Water System at Hazor. 114
![Plan of the Water system at Hazor 115 Plan of the Water system at Hazor. 115](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-115.jpg)
Plan of the Water system at Hazor. 115
![Gihon Spring and Hezekiahs Tunnel to the Pool of 116 Siloam Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel to the Pool of 116 Siloam.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-116.jpg)
Gihon Spring and Hezekiah’s Tunnel to the Pool of 116 Siloam.
![Mazar Shortterm events and Longterm processes in Israel and Judah Short Mazar: - Short-term events; and - Long-term processes (in Israel and Judah). - Short](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-117.jpg)
Mazar: - Short-term events; and - Long-term processes (in Israel and Judah). - Short term type of evidence related to biblical and extra-biblical history: - royal building operations known from scripture; - military events known from biblical and extra-biblical texts. - Long-term processes, for example, the development of Israelite religion. 117
![Mazar Short Term Events Archaeology of Warfare Textbook pp 169 74 these can Mazar: Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-118.jpg)
Mazar: Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can be detected by archaeological work; - Assyrian military attacks during the last third of the 8 th century; - Heavy destruction layers at many 8 th century sites; - Sennacherib’s invasion of Judah in 701 BC; - The water projects of Hezekiah in Jerusalem; - Jars stamped with a royal seal – lmlk “belonging to the king”; 118
![LMLK Stamped Jar handle 119 LMLK Stamped Jar handle. 119](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-119.jpg)
LMLK Stamped Jar handle. 119
![Mazar Short Term Events Archaeology of Warfare Textbook pp 169 74 these can Mazar: Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-120.jpg)
Mazar: Short Term Events: Archaeology of Warfare (Textbook, pp. 169 -74) – these can be detected by archaeological work; - Jerusalem spared from the Assyrian conquest; - Babylonian conquests of Philistia and Judah between 605 and 586 BC; -- afterward: population in Judah detected only in the land of Benjamin, north of Jerusalem. 120
![Mazar LongTerm Processes The Case of Israelite Religion Textbook pp 174 79 this Mazar: Long-Term Processes: The Case of Israelite Religion (Textbook, pp. 174 -79) – this](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-121.jpg)
Mazar: Long-Term Processes: The Case of Israelite Religion (Textbook, pp. 174 -79) – this can be detected by archaeological work; Iron Age territorial states and their major gods; Israelite religion passed through several stages of development; -Yahweh and his consort Asherah: -Kuntillet `Ajrud; -Khirbet el-Kom; -Not a pure monothestic religion; -A strong continuity with Canaanite religion; 121
![Kuntillet Ajrud Art and Text 122 Kuntillet `Ajrud Art and Text. 122](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-122.jpg)
Kuntillet `Ajrud Art and Text. 122
![Arad and its Judean Temple A broad hall with a niche in which Arad and its Judean Temple: - A broad hall with a niche, in which](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-123.jpg)
Arad and its Judean Temple: - A broad hall with a niche, in which there were two standing stones (masseboth) with two incense altars at their front; - A sacrificial altar in the courtyard in front of the hall; -Tel Dan: a public, monumental temple (during the 9 th and 8 th centuries BC): -Temple enclosure: a podium built of ashlar stones that probably supported a shrine (containing a “golden calf” ? ); -In a courtyard in front of the temple: -A large sacrificial altar with four horns; -Subsidiary rooms. 123
![Arad and its Iron Age Temple 124 Arad and its Iron Age Temple 124](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-124.jpg)
Arad and its Iron Age Temple 124
![125 125](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-125.jpg)
125
![At Beersheba A fourhorner altar The golden calves A Bull Site 12 th At Beer-sheba: -A four-horner altar. -The golden calves: -A “Bull Site” – 12 th](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-126.jpg)
At Beer-sheba: -A four-horner altar. -The golden calves: -A “Bull Site” – 12 th century in northern Samaria; -Pottery altar (“cult stand”) – 10 th century from Taanach. -Evidence for local cult places of worship near city gates, e. g. , at Tel Dan, Tel Rehov, Megiddo, Samaria, and Lachish. -Hundreds of clay figurines. -Indications that Israelite religion was based on Canaanite myths, beliefs, and cult practices. 126
![Fourhorned altar from Beersheba 127 Four-horned altar from Beer-sheba 127](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-127.jpg)
Four-horned altar from Beer-sheba 127
![128 128](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-128.jpg)
128
![129 129](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/187d12a744a9965daeb27e3ff4068f70/image-129.jpg)
129
Kingdoms of israel and judah
Prophets timeline chart
Israel divided into two kingdoms
Mass of iron in an iron tablet
Iron sharpens iron friendship
Judas and judah
Abib month
Hezekiah king of judah facts
Algonquian clothing
Genesis 49 10
You're the lion of judah the lamb that was slain
Genesis 49: 10
When the romans conquered judah they renamed it
When the romans conquered judah they renamed it
Judah levine
Judah levine
Name given to judah by romans refers to the philistines
What are the two vocal singing styles in pakistan?
Compare and contrast israel saudi arabia and turkey
Hình ảnh bộ gõ cơ thể búng tay
Bổ thể
Tỉ lệ cơ thể trẻ em
Chó sói
Chụp tư thế worms-breton
Hát lên người ơi
Các môn thể thao bắt đầu bằng tiếng đua
Thế nào là hệ số cao nhất
Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
Công thức tính thế năng
Trời xanh đây là của chúng ta thể thơ
Mật thư anh em như thể tay chân
101012 bằng
Phản ứng thế ankan
Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
Thơ thất ngôn tứ tuyệt đường luật
Quá trình desamine hóa có thể tạo ra
Một số thể thơ truyền thống
Bàn tay mà dây bẩn
Vẽ hình chiếu vuông góc của vật thể sau
Biện pháp chống mỏi cơ
đặc điểm cơ thể của người tối cổ
Thế nào là giọng cùng tên?
Vẽ hình chiếu đứng bằng cạnh của vật thể
Vẽ hình chiếu vuông góc của vật thể sau
Thẻ vin
đại từ thay thế
điện thế nghỉ
Tư thế ngồi viết
Diễn thế sinh thái là
Dạng đột biến một nhiễm là
Các số nguyên tố
Tư thế ngồi viết
Lời thề hippocrates
Thiếu nhi thế giới liên hoan
ưu thế lai là gì
Sự nuôi và dạy con của hổ
Khi nào hổ con có thể sống độc lập
Sơ đồ cơ thể người
Từ ngữ thể hiện lòng nhân hậu
Thế nào là mạng điện lắp đặt kiểu nổi
Protistia
Domain bacteria characteristics
Chapter 17 section 3 domains and kingdoms answer key
3 domain 6 kingdom
Kingdoms and states of medieval africa
Organizing lifes diversity
Examples of the 6 kingdoms
Section 18-3 kingdoms and domains
Kingdom protista concept map
Section 18-3 kingdoms and domains
Medieval africa geography
Flow chart of domains and kingdoms
Chapter 13 kingdoms and states of medieval africa
How are organisms classified into domains and kingdoms
Small kingdoms in north india are called
Sixkingdoms
Keys and kingdoms
Archaea kingdoms
What are the three domains and six kingdoms?
Domains and kingdoms
Chapter 12 section 5 kingdoms of southeast asia and korea
Kingdom dichotomous key
6 kingdoms of life and examples
Family order genus species
How did the kingdoms of west africa develop and prosper
18-3 kingdoms and domains
You are good israel
A christmas carol: scrooge and marley by israel horovitz
Afghanistan and israel map
Israel boy and girl scouts federation
Is palestine in israel
Israel palestine borders
Middle east war
Kingdoms of the eukarya domain
Powerful african kingdoms
Five kingdoms science
Are archaebacteria autotrophs
4491100
Germanic kingdoms in the middle ages
Spanish kingdoms map
Characteristic of
Kingdom chart
Squid ovary
Six kingdom characteristics chart
The hellenistic kingdoms
Why are protists the junk drawer
Sussex and wessex
Cladogram of the 6 kingdoms
Kingdom animalia cladogram
The organism quercus phellos is a member of the genus
Five kingdoms of life
Dr bridget ryan
Six kingdoms worksheet
Kingdoms of archaea
Kingdoms cladogram
Classificatio
7 kingdoms of england
How old is english language
Bacteria is found in which of the 6 kingdoms
Is yeast multicellular or unicellular
The christian kingdoms
The 6 kingdoms
Charlemagne unites germanic kingdoms
Egypt 3 kingdoms
West african kingdoms in order
Five kingdoms of living things
Medieval kingdoms in europe lesson 1
Cell kingdoms
Animals in the same phylum