Taxonomy The Science of Classification Betsy Sanford Lost

Taxonomy The Science of Classification Betsy Sanford Lost Mountain Middle School 7 th Grade Life Science

Living Things = Organisms • 6 Basic Characteristics: • • • Made of cells (smallest building block of life) Have DNA (complex chemicals that control cell activities) Have basic needs (use energy from food and water, need habitat) Can reproduce (sexually/2 parents or asexually/1 parent) Grow and develop (have a life cycle and a life span) Respond to stimuli (surroundings, both internal and external) • Biodiversity = over 5 billions types of living things in Earth’s history

We study biodiversity because… • We use living things for… • • • Food Clothes (like leather, cotton and silk) Medicines (like aspirin and penicillin) Building materials (lumber) Fuel resources (decayed plants for fossil fuels, biomass) • We appreciate them for their… • Beauty • Recreation • Sport

Classification Notes #1 – Answer Key Chapter 9 Classification SECTION 1 SORTING IT ALL OUT 1. based on their structure and characteristics 2. Organisms that share many characteristics are more closely related than those that do not. 3. at the top 4. brown bear and platypus 5. Some organisms have more than one common name; names are different in different languages.

Classification Notes #1 – Answer Key Chapter 9 Classification SECTION 1 SORTING IT ALL OUT 6. genus and species 7. class 8. There are fewer organisms in each level. 9. The key would have to include characteristics of all organisms on Earth. It would be impossibly long. 10. Left to right: long-tailed weasel, woodchuck

Classification Notes #1 – Answer Key Chapter 9 Classification SECTION 1 SORTING IT ALL OUT - Review 1. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 2. Ferns have tissues that transport materials. 3. The pine tree is the most similar; the moss is the least similar. 4. genus and species 5. No, the key in this section could only be used for some mammals. You would need a key that described lizards.

Classification Notes #2 – Answer Key Chapter 9 Classification SECTION 2 DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS 1. Eukarya; all multicellular organisms are eukaryotes. 2. Their cell walls and cell membranes are made of different materials. Many can live in extreme environments. 3. No, only some bacteria cause disease. Other bacteria are helpful. 4. Archaea—some can live in extreme environments. 5. Fungi and Animalia—the groups closest to the top evolved most recently.

Yellowstone National Park • Rainbow Pool • Lower Geyser Basin

Classification Notes #2 – Answer Key Chapter 9 Classification SECTION 2 DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS 6. They break down materials in the environment and absorb them. 7. 23 8. ability to move 9. Venus’ flytrap is in kingdom Plantae because it is eukaryotic, multicellular, green, and can make its’ own food by photosynthesis.

Classification Notes #2 – Answer Key Chapter 9 Classification SECTION 2 DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS – Review 1. Domain Eukarya is made up of only eukaryotes. Domains Bacteria and Archaea are made up of only prokaryotes. 2. As scientists discover more organisms that do not fit into existing groups, they add new groups. 3. Linnaeus probably did not know that many of these organisms existed. Because they are so small, and because many archaea live in extreme environments, Linnaeus would not have been able to study the characteristics of these organisms. 4. Euglena is green, makes its’ own food, can move, can eat other organisms, and is single-celled but has a nucleus. It is a protest.

Classification Study Guide – Answer Key 1. The orange-barred protea and the silver-studded blue butterflies are most alike because they are in the same family. The family is the most specific category that any 2 of the butterflies have in common. 2. The orange-barred Sulphur and the orange-barred protea are both butterflies and they are both insects. They are also in the same order, Lepidoptera. They are not in the same family or the same genus. They are different species of butterfly.

Classification Study Guide – Answer Key 3. The bird is a golden eagle because it has a curved and sharp bill, eyes on the sides of the head, and dark feathers on the head. 4. The shark is in Class Chondrichthyes because it has no feathers, no hair, and gills.

Classification Study Guide – Answer Key 5. 2 a = bacteria 2 b = archeabacteria 3 a = protist 4 a = plant 5 a = animal 5 b = fungi 6. on the left = protist (paramecium) on the right = bacteria (E. coli, Escherichia coli)

Classification Study Guide – Answer Key 7. Both are in the domain eukarya (have cells with a nucleus) and are multi-cellular. The kingdoms are plant and animal. Plants do not move and can make their own food. Animals move and must obtain food from other sources. 8. species

Classification Study Guide – Answer Key 9. The student was probably trying to sort out the Aves class (birds). The circle in the middle contains both feathers and webbed feet. 10. Organism W = animal Organism X = archaeabacteria Organism Y = protist Organism Z = plant

Classification Study Guide – Answer Key 11. Bacteria = 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 Protist = 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20 Fungi = 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19 Plant = 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 Animal = 2, 5, 12, 15, 19, 20

Classification Study Guide – Answer Key

Taxonomy – The Science of Classification • Need a way to study all of these living things • Classifying = sorting into groups • Much easier to study and identify in groups • Classified by characteristics: • • • Body structures Food acquisition (how they get food) Cell structure DNA Reproduction Development of young

Domain – most broad group • 3 Domains • Eukaryote • protists, fungi, plants, animals • cells in eukaryotes have a nucleus • Prokayrote, Bacteria • common bacteria • cells in prokayrotes do not have a nucleus • Prokaryote, Archaebacteria • bacteria that live in extremes • archae cells do not have a nucleus • In this example, the domain is Eukaryote • The cells of these organisms all have a nucleus.

Kingdom – the division of Domain • 4 Eukaryote Kingdoms • • Protists Fungi Plants Animals • In this example, the kingdom is Animal • The cells of these organism have a nucleus. • These organisms are multicellular and must obtain their food from their environment.

Phylum – the division of Kingdom • Many Phyla in the Animal Kingdom • Chordata are the vertebrates • • • Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals • All other Phyla are invertebrates • In this example, the phylum is Chordata • These animals all have an internal skeleton with backbones that protect the spinal cord.

Class – the division of Phylum • Classes are based on Reproduction • • Internal fertilization (mating) External fertilization Nesting (egg laying and hatching) Gestating (pregnancy and live birth) • In this example, the class is Mammal • Internal fertilization (mating) • Gestation (pregnancy and live birth)

Order – the division of Class • Order is based on Food Acquisition • Food acquisition • In this example, the order is carnivore • These animals eat other animals

Family – the division of Order • Family is based on body structure • In this example, the family is Ursidae

Genus – the division of Family • Genus is based on body structure • In this example, the genus is Ursus

Species – the division of Genus • Species is based on body structure • In this example, the species is based on those individuals who will mate with one another to produce new offspring

Binomial Nomenclature • Classification is always in Latin for accurate communication with all scientists • Two-word naming system • Genus species • Always italicized • In this example, the scientific name of the American Black Bear is • Ursus americanus

American Black Bear in Georgia • Ranger video • Black Bear stuck in a garbage can video • Black Bear in Helen, Georgia video • Black Bear in Cherokee County neighborhood video • Black Bear in North Georgia video

Which is more specific? • Domain or Family? family • Family or Phylum? family • Order or Kingdom? order • Genus or Species? species

Which is more broad? • Domain or Family? domain • Family or Phylum? phylum • Order or Kingdom? kingdom • Genus or Species? genus

Which have more in common? • Domain or Genus? genus • Class or Species? species • Phylum or Kingdom? phylum • Order or Class? order

Make your own mnemonic… • Dear King Phillip cried only for green skittles. • Dear Koala Paul collected only furious green snakes. • Don’t kick Phillip the Cat or Freddy the Gorilla’s sneezes. • Definitely koalas probably could only fight good snakes. • Did King Phillip come over for green soup.