Kingdom Animalia General Characteristics Multicellular Eukaryotic Lack cell

Kingdom Animalia

General Characteristics • • Multicellular Eukaryotic Lack cell walls Heterotrophs

Two Major Groups • Invertebrates – No backbone or vertebral column – 95% of the kingdom! • Vertebrates – Have a backbone – 5 % of the kingdom!

What Animals Do to Survive • Evolution over long time allows animals to – Feed – Respire – Circulation of nutrients and oxygen – Excrete waste – Respond to environment – Movement towards food and away from harm – Reproduce

Trends in Animal Evolution • Cell specialization – Cells tissues organ systems – Complex functions • Early development – How cells divide and move during embryological development

Body Symmetry • Body symmetry -Radial Symmetry: equal halves produced when divided along any plane, through a central axis. 1. Ability to sense food from any direction - Bilateral Symmetry: right and left sides are mirror images, when divided lengthwise. - Asymmetry- No distinct body plan.

Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry Posterior end Dorsal side Anterior end Ventral side Plane of symmetry Planes of symmetry

9 phyla in Kingdom Animalia 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Porifera: sponges Cnidaria: jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, corals Platyhelminthes: (flat) planarian, flukes, tapeworms Nemotoda: (round) Trichinella, hookworms Annelida: (segmented) earthworms, leeches Mollusca: (shelled) squids, snails, clams Arthropoda: crayfish, shrimp, spiders, horseshoe crabs, insects 8. Echinodermata: sea urchins, sea cucumber , star fish 9. Chordata: tunicates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

THE LAB • Note the characteristics and examples for each phylum • On the cladogram provided to you, label each phylum on the line under the appropriate drawing • Fill in the synaptomorphic and automorphic traits that distinguish each phylum—in the slides, automorphic traits are in bold while synaptomorphic traits are termed first seen * Use this slide show for make-up work or as a supplement to the lab specimens displayed in your biology room

Kingdom Animalia Cladogram Echinodermata Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Mollusks Nematoda Internal and external shells Platyhelminthes Gastrovascular Cnidarians cavity Primitve nerve net Pseudocoelom asymetric Bilateral Symmetry Specialized tissues Multicellularity Single-celled ancestor Exoskeleton Gut with two openings Spiny Skin Jointed Appendages segmentation Ventral nervous System Cephalization Sponges Dorsal Hearts Endoskeleton Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

• According to your cladogram, which phylum has bilateral symmetry, cephalization and a gastrovascular cavity? Platyhelminthes (flatworms) • According to your cladogram, which phylum is segmented with dorsal hearts? Annelida • According to your cladogram, what are the traits (7 of them) that make a starfish an echinoderm? Specialized tissues, Radial Symmetry, cephalization, gut with two openings, ventral nervous system, endoskeleton, and spiny skin • Describe a Cnidarian by listing all its derived traits and well as two examples. Specialized tissues and primitive nerve net. Jelly fish, coral, sea fans, anenomes

• What is the difference between an automorphic trait and a synapomorphic trait on a cladogram? Automorphic – derived traits unique to a specific phylum. Synapomorphic – dervied traits found in many phyla. • What is cephalization? Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of the animals body. • What is a pseudocoelom? Body cavity between the endoderm(digestive) and mesoderm(muscle and circulatory) tissues • Identify the class of chordates for the following: Great Horned OWL – AVES Tiger Salamander – Amphibia Timber Rattle Snake – Reptilia Ornate Box Turtle – Reptilea Walleye – Osstichthyes White-tailed deer - mammalia