Domains and Kingdoms Chapter 17 3 3 Domains

Domains and Kingdoms Chapter 17. 3

3 Domains • Organisms are classified into domains based on cell type and structure – Bacteria – Archaea – Eukaryota

6 Kingdoms • Based on cell type, structure, nutrition – All Bacteria are Eubacteria – All Archaea are Archaebacteria – Eukarya contains: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Kingdom Eubacteria

Domain Bacteria, Kingdom Eubacteria • Bacteria are the most abundant type of organism • Prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan – 2 kinds of sugars form a netlike structure • Porous, strong

Characteristics - Eubacteria • Come in many different shapes • More abundant than any other organism • Can move • Unicellular – No nucleus or organelles

Characteristics - Eubacteria • Eating habits – Heterotrophic – Autotrophic (just a few) • Can survive in many environments – Aerobic – Anaerobic

Eubacteria Cell Type/ Prokaryotes with cell walls made of Structure pepidoglycan Nutrition Most are heterotrophic; some are autotrophic Habitat Live in many environments Mobility Can move

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Domain Archaea – Kingdom Archaebacteria • Most scientists believe Archaea to be more ancient than bacteria. • Main Difference: no peptidoglycan

Characteristics- Archaebacteria • Unicellular • Many shapes • Some autotrophic, most heterotrophic

Extremophiles • Extremophiles – they live in the most extreme environments on Earth – Hot springs – Salty lakes – Thermal vents on ocean floor

Archaebacteria Cell Type/ Prokaryotes with cell walls that are Structure NOT made of peptidoglycan Nutrition Most are heterotrophic; some are autotrophic Habitat Live in many environments Mobility Can move

Domain Eukarya

Domain Eukarya • All organisms with membrane–bound organelles (eukaryotes) • Includes: Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista – The Misfits • Don’t fit into any other category • Aren’t similar to each other either. • 3 categories – Plantlike protists – Animal-like protists – Funguslike protists

Plantlike Protists • Autotrophic, perform photosynthesis • Algae – Sea Kelp – Red Algae

Animal-like Protists • Heterotrophic • Do not form organs • Protozoans – amoebas

Funguslike Protists • Euglenoids – have both plantlike and animal-like characteristics • Perform photosynthesis so usually grouped with plantlike protists • Slime molds and mildews

Protista Cell Type/ Unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes Structure Nutrition Autotrophic and heterotrophic Habitat Live in moist environments Mobility Can move

Kingdom Fungi

Characteristics – Kingdom Fungi • More than 70, 000 species • Eukaryotes, absorbs nutrients from organic materials in it’s environment • All are heterotrophs – They secrete digestive enzymes into their food source and then absorb the nutrients directly into their cells

Special Characteristics - Fungi • They can’t move • Cell walls contain chitin – A rigid polymer that gives cells structural support • Have hyphae – Threadlike strands that enable the fungi to grow, feed, and reproduce

Parasitic fungi • Grow and feed on other organisms • Saprobes – eat dead or decaying organic matter • Symbionts – live in a mutualistic relationship with algae (lichens)

Fungi Cell Type/ Unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes Structure with cell walls made of chitin Nutrition heterotrophic Habitat Live in many environments Mobility Cannot move

Kingdom Plantae

Characteristics – Kingdom Plantae • The base of all land habitats - 250, 000 species • Autotrophs - make energy from the sun through photosynthesis – A few are heterotrophs

Plants • Multicellular • Cell walls contain cellulose • Can’t move • Are organized into tissues – Most have organs such as roots, stems, and leaves

Plantae Cell Type/ Multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls Structure made of cellulose Nutrition Habitat Most are autotrophic that perform photosynthesis; some are heterotrophic Live in water and on land Mobility Cannot move

Kingdom Animalia

Characteristics – Kingdom Animalia • Heterotrophs • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Have membranebound organelles

Animals – Innards • No cell walls • Cells are organized into tissues – Most have tissues that are organized into organs (i. e. skin, stomach, brain) – Organs are often organized into complex systems (i. e. digestive, circulatory)

Animals - Diverse • Range widely in size • Live in water, on land, and in the air • Most can move – Some can’t (i. e. coral can’t move as an adult)

Animalia Cell Type/ Multicellular eukaryotes without cell Structure walls Nutrition heterotrophic Habitat Live in water, on land, and in air Mobility Most can move; some cannot move, such as adult coral

An exception to every system… • A virus is a nucleic acid that is surrounded by a protein coat

Viruses • Viruses have their own classification system • Not considered to be living • They are not cells and do not have cells