August 22 Ancient Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations SSWH 1

August 22 Ancient Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations § SSWH 1 The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE c. Explain the development of monotheism; include the concepts developed by the ancient Hebrews, and Zoroastrianism § Lesson EQ: How did monotheism develop in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean?

Activator § How does religion impact behavior? Log into the website below to write your answer. § https: //padlet. com/melissa_stewar 1/scfczgwegafa

Israelites §Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations declined §Emerged between 1200– 1000 B. C §Semitic people (language) §lived in Palestine

King Solomon §ruled from 970– 930 B. C. §expanded the government, army, and trade §built a temple in Jerusalem §ancient Israel reached the height of its power

Israel Divided §after Solomon’s death §into two kingdoms §northern kingdom = Israel §southern kingdom = Judah

Assyrians § an empire established by 700 B. C. § conquered Israel § iron weapons, and military conquest § used terror as an instrument of warfare § destroyed the land in which they were fighting § 605 B. C. collapse of empire because of internal strife and resentment

Judaism § Founder: Abraham § Homeland: Ur (Mesopotamia) § God: Yahweh

Sacred Writings § The Hebrew Bible: Torah, Prophetic writings and other writings § Talmud: Mishnah (oral laws of Jews) and Gemara (interpretations of the Mishnah)

Ceremonies § Passover § Pentecost § Rosh Hashanah § Yom Kippur § Hanukkah

Key Beliefs § monotheism § Star of David(shield of David) is their symbol § temple = synagogue § covenant - agreement between God and his people, could be fulfilled by obedience to the law of God

Key Beliefs § Prophets - sent by God to serve as his voice to the people § § expressed concern for all humanity hoped that all people would someday follow the God of Israel concerned for social justice called Jews to act justly, share with neighbors, care for the poor and unfortunate, and act with compassion

Persian History § nomadic § Indo-European people

Cyrus § ruled from 559– 530 B. C. § from Asia Minor to western India § captured Babylon § treated his subjects with wisdom and restraint § allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem § Cyrus’s successors extended the empire § Cambyses invaded Egypt

Darius § ruled from 521– 486 B. C. § extended into India and Europe § created the largest empire the world had yet seen § Royal Road created to link the empire stretching from Lydia to Susa § set up way stations providing rest, shelter, and fresh horses for the king’s messengers

After Darius § Persian kings became more isolated in their luxurious courts § Struggles over power weakened the empire until it was conquered by Alexander the Great during the 330 s B. C.

Zoroastrianism § Founder: Zoroaster § Homeland: Persia (Iran) § God: Ahura Mazda § Sacred Writings: Avesta § Ceremonies: Fire-worship ritual

Key Beliefs § concept of Satan (Angra Mainyu) § belief of Angels § the final judgment and people have a free will to choose good or evil § Humata: “Good Thoughts, ” the intention or moral resolution to abide by Asha, the right order of things § Hukhata: “Good Words, ” the communication of that intention § Havarashta: “Good Deeds, ” the realization in action of that intention

Activity § Complete a Venn Diagram comparing Judaism & Zoroastrianism. § Complete the research activity § You can use your technology devices, your notes, and the textbook for this assignment

Summarizer § How are Judaism & Zoroastrianism similar or different?