CLASSIFICATION Part 1 The 3 Domains for Booklet

3 Domains – Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota Currently all life is divided into three large groups called domains: n Bacteria n Archaea n Eukaryota Next >

3 Domains – Bacteria and Archaea and Eukaryota With the exception of plants, animals, fungi and slime molds within the domain Eukaryota, most life forms are microscopic. These are called microorganisms. Next >

Domains –Archaea Archaebacteria has been on Earth for at least 3 billion years. Are known as “ancient” bacteria. Live in places where most living things cannot live. Next >

Domain –Archaea Can live in areas of extreme heat or extreme cold. Some are autotrophic and some are heterotrophic Composed of plasma and cell walls. Reproduce asexually. Ex. Thermophiles (thermal vents), halophiles (salty. Red Sea), acidophiles (extreme acidic conditions such as methanogens in animal guts) Next >

Domain–Bacteria “True” Bacteria Are tiny organisms that live in almost every place on and near Earth’s surface. Even live on and inside the human body! Complex, prokaryotic organisms Single celled autotrophs. Streptococcus Reproduce asexually and sometimes sexually (conjugation) Blue green algae Next >

Domain– Eukarya Contains all other kingdoms since they are all Eukaryotes. Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Next >

CLASSIFICATION Part 2 The 6 Kingdoms for Booklet

The Six Kingdoms Next >

The Six Kingdoms The Cavalier-Smith six kingdom classification system divides all known organism types into the following kingdoms: 1) Plantae (plants) 2) Animalia (animals) 3) Fungi (mushrooms and molds) Next >

The Six Kingdoms 4) Eubacteria (true bacteria) 5) Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria that live in extremely hostile conditions) 6) Protista (microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, plants or animals) “catch all” for those that don’t fit anywhere else Next >

Kingdom Plantae The plant kingdom consists of organisms that are: n multicellular n eukaryotic n autotrophic Some plants reproduce sexually, others reproduce asexually. Primarily sexual Members of the plant kingdom have strong cell walls that provide support. Next >

Kingdom Animalia The animal kingdom consists of organisms that are: n multicellular n eukaryotic n heterotrophic Most animals reproduce sexually, but some, such as starfish, can reproduce asexually (regeneration). Primarily sexual. Next >

Kingdom Fungi The fungi kingdom consists of organisms that are: n multicellular or unicellular n eukaryotic n heterotrophic Next >

Kingdom Fungi reproduce by producing spores. Some reproduce sexually, others reproduce asexually…so…BOTH Members of the fungi kingdom are similar to plants in that they have cell walls. However they do not contain chlorophyll which is why they cannot make their own food. Next >

Kingdom Eubacteria The eubacteria kingdom consists of organisms that are: n unicellular n prokaryotic n autotrophic or heterotrophic n able to reproduce asexually by binary fission or sexually by conjugation Bacteria can be grouped depending on the thickness of a substance in their cell walls. It is shown using a gram stain. Gram positive bacteria – thick layer of substance Gram negative bacteria – thin layer of substance Next >

Kingdom Archaebacteria The archaebacteria kingdom consists of organisms that are: n unicellular n prokaryotic n autotrophic or heterotrophic n able to reproduce asexually Next >

Kingdom Archaebacteria Members of this kingdom are found in extreme conditions where other organisms could not survive. For example in extreme temperatures or regions of high salt levels. Thermophiles – survive in areas of extreme temperature. Halophiles – survive in Methanogens – produce areas with high salt levels. methane and live in the guts of animals. Next >

Kingdom Protista The protista kingdom consists of organisms that are: Heterotrophic n mostly unicellular but some multicellular n Eukaryotic”catch all” kingdom n mostly heterotrophic but some are autotrophic Protista Autotrophic Protozoa n Neat fact: Algae produce most of the oxygen on earth Next >

Kingdom Protista This kingdom contains microscopic organisms that are not plants, animals or bacteria. Heterotrophic Protista Some protists reproduce sexually, others reproduce asexually. Autotrophic Protozoa Next >

CLASSIFICATION Part 3 The 7 Levels of Classification for Booklet

Separating Species The kingdoms are populated according to characteristics of the organisms and how they are related to each other. Flowering Plants with seeds and flowers Ferns Groups of organisms are then broken down according to differences found between them. Nonflowering Gymnosperms Next >

Separating Species Plants may be flowering or nonflowering. Animals may have backbones, but may not. Then differences within each group can enable the organisms to be separated further. Flowering Plants with seeds and flowers Ferns Nonflowering Gymnosperms Next >

7 Levels of Classification. Carl Linneaus Until the 1700’s, scientists divided organisms into two groups, plants and animals. But scientists found that some living things didn’t really fit into either group. In the 1700’s, a Swedish physician and botanist named Carl Linneaus solve the problem. Linneaus founded taxonomy. Linneaus tried to classify all known living things based on their shape and structure. He came up with a seven-level system of classification, which is still used today. Next >

7 Levels of Classification- Kingdom Every living thing is classified into one of six kingdoms. Kingdoms are the largest, most general groups. All animals are in the kingdom Animalia.

7 levels of Classification - Kingdom This kingdom consists of organisms that satisfy their nutrition needs from consuming other organisms. Next >

7 Levels of Classification - Phylum All living things are then sorted into several phyla (singular, phylum). Mollusks Invertebrates Crustaceans Segmented worms (no backbone) Roundworms Myriapods Flatworms Coelenterates Animalia Arachnids Echinoderms Arthropods Insects Fish Birds Vertebrates Reptiles (with backbone) Amphibians Mammals Next >

7 Levels of Classification-Phylum The members of one phylum are more like each other than they are like members of other phyla. All animals in the phylum Chordata have a hollow nerve cord and most have a backbone.

7 Levels of Classification-Class All of the living things in a phylum are further sorted in classes. Animals in the Class Mammalia have a backbone. They also nurse their young.

7 Levels of Classification- Order Each class is divided into one or more orders. Animals in the order Carnivora have a backbone and nurse their young. They also have special teeth for tearing meat.

7 Levels of Classification- Family Orders are separated into families. Animals in the family Felidae are cats. They have a backbone, nurse their young and have special teeth for tearing meat. Their claws can be drawn back into their paws.

7 Levels of Classification- Genus Families are broken into genera (singular genus). Animals in the genus Felis have traits of other animals in the same family. However, they cannot roar, they can only purr.

7 Levels of Classification- Species Genera are sorted into species. Species Felis domesticus is the common house cat. It has traits of all the levels above it, but it also has special traits.

Scientific Names Felis domesticus is the scientific name of a common house cat. Scientific names are use in place of common names because they can have several different common names depending on where they are. The scientific name is either in italics or underlined. The first letter of the Genus is capitalized and the species is all lower case.

Dichotomous Keys are special guides that help to identify unknown organisms. A dichotomous key has several pairs of descriptive statements and the person trying to make an identification looks at the first pair of statements and chooses the best one that describes the organism. By working through the statements in the key, the person will be able to identify the organism.

Which picture is the only one to show an organism that is a vertebrate? Picture A Picture B Picture C Picture D A) Picture A B) Picture B C) Picture C D) Picture D Next >

Which of these is the broadest category for the organism shown? A) Domain Eukaryota B) Kingdom Plantae C) Flowering plant D) Seed-producing plant Next >