Integrated Middle School Curriculum Partnership for Environmental Education

Integrated Middle School Curriculum Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health (PEER; http: //peer. tamu. edu) Texas A&M University

Primary Authors: Jon Hunter Bill Klemm Deborah Kochevar Jim Kracht Based on a story by Marguerite Swilling Production of the Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health funded by NIEHS, Larry Johnson, PI

Mr. or Ms. Smith’s class Anywhere Middle School

Read With A Purpose CH-0. 9

Do You Recall? • Test your memory and understanding of important details in “The Jade Dragon” by completing the Investigator’s Challenge Quiz. CH-1. 0

Where is China? The global address or absolute location of China (being the center of China) is 30° N. L. and 100° E. L. • Is China in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere? • Is China in the Eastern or Western Hemisphere? CH-2. 0

N W E S Point to China on the map. (30° N. L. , 100° E. L. ) CH-3. 0

N W E S Were you correct? Look for the circle around China. What is the latitude for China? _______° North or South? What is the longitude for China? _______° West or East? CH-4. 0 The absolute location for China is ___________

Where is Chongqing, China? The global address or absolute location of Chongqing, China is 29° N. L. and 106° E. L. CH-5. 0

80°E 100° E 120°E 40°N 20°N Point to Chongqing, China on the map. (29° N. L. , 106° E. L. ) CH-6. 0

80°E 100° E 120°E 40°N 20°N Were you correct? Look for the highlight around Chongqing, China. What is the latitude for Chongqing? _____° North or South? What is the longitude for Chongqing? _____° West or East? The absolute location for Chongqing, China is________. CH-7. 0

N W E S The absolute location for Chongqing, China is 29° N. L. , 106° E. L. The absolute location of Houston, Texas is 30° N. L. , 95° W. L. • • • CH-8. 0 Which city is closer to the Equator? Which city is located in the Eastern Hemisphere? Which city is located in the Western Hemisphere?

80°E 100° E 120°E 40°N 20°N Use the map to find which city matches each of the addresses below. 1. What city is located at 39° N. L. , 75° E. L. ? _______ 2. What city is located at 39° N. L. , 116° E. L. ? _______ 3. What city is located at 23° N. L. , 113° E. L. ? _______ 4. What city is located at 46° N. L. , 126° E. L. ? _______ CH-9. 0

Were you correct? • Kashi is located at 39° N. L. , 75° E. L. • Beijing is located at 39° N. L. , 116° E. L. • Guangzho is located at 23° N. L. , 113° E. L. CH-10. 0 • Harbin is located at 46° N. L. , 126° E. L.

Just Checking • The global address of a place using latitude and longitude is known as _______. • Global addresses north of the Equator are referred to as North _______. • Global addresses west of the Prime Meridian are referred to as West _______. • Both latitude and longitude are measured in _______. CH-11. 0

Test your understanding of latitude and longitude by taking the Absolute Location Challenge Quiz. CH-12. 0

Geography: Relative Location Where In the World is Chongqing, China? N E W S CH-13. 0 China is circled in yellow on the map above. Study the map, then answer the questions on the next slide.

Relative Location • • • On what continent is China located? What continent is southeast of China? What continent is south and west of China? N W CH-14. 0 E S

Relative Location Notice that China is now positioned near the center of the map. This is because we are looking at the Earth from a different position. The Pacific Ocean, rather than the Atlantic Ocean, is now near the center of the map. Arctic Ocean Asia North America Europe Africa Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Australia Atlantic Ocean South America Antarctica Using the map, explain which direction you would travel if you were to travel from China to your home? CH-15. 0

Relative Location China is highlighted on the map above. • What ocean is to the east of China? • What large country is to the southwest of China? CH-16. 0 • Name a country on the map to the north of China.

Relative Location • What city is China’s capital? • This city is located in what direction from Chongqing? • The city of Guangzhou is located in what direction from Chongqing? • If you were to travel northwest from Chongqing, what is the name of the plateau you would cross? CH-17. 0 Chongqing is highlighted on the map.

Relative Location Just Checking. . . • You are talking with a friend. She asks, “Where is China? ” How would you respond? • If you were to travel from Texas to China, in what direction would you travel? • If you were to travel from China to Paris, France, in what direction would you travel? • Which of the following is closer to China? A. Germany B. USA C. India CH-18. 0

Train Trip Speaking of travel … Jace fell asleep shortly after the train left Chongqing. • If the train was traveling at 20 kilometers per hour and Jace slept for 2 hours and 15 minutes, how many kilometers did the train travel while he was sleeping? CH-19. 0

Train Trip (continued) Jace woke up shortly after the train passed a city called Fuling. • If the distance from Fuling to Fengdu is 35 kilometers and the train is traveling at 20 kilometers per hour, how long will it take the train to travel from Fuling to Fengdu? CH-20. 0

Travel Speed Jace and K. T. took the train to travel from Chongqing to Fengdu. The train did not travel in a straight line, but traveled along the Yangtze River. The actual “straight line” distance between these two cities is 40 kilometers. • To return to Chongqing, Jace and K. T. activated their boxtok computer. If the distance from Chongqing to Fengdu is 40 kilometers and the trip only took 1 millisecond, how fast were they traveling? Express your answer in kilometers per hour. CH-21. 0

Social Studies: The Three Gorges Dam of China The Yangtze River flows through the center of China. For thousands of years, the river has provided transportation and food for many Chinese civilizations. However, over the centuries, flooding from the river has killed hundreds of thousands of people. In 1996, more than one million people living along the river were forced to leave CH-22. 0 their homes due to flooding.

Social Studies The Chinese government has come up with a plan to stop the flooding of the river. The plan is to build a dam in an area along the river known as the Three Gorges or the Yangtze Gorges. The dam will hold back water and keep the river within its’ banks. What might be some other results of building the dam? CH-23. 0

Social Studies The rushing water flowing through the dam will generate the same amount of electricity as 18 nuclear power plants. China has a rising demand for electricity due to increases in population and industry. CH-24. 0

Social Studies When the dam is built, water will be held in an area that is now inhabited by almost two million people. These people will have to move to higher ground and start their lives over in a new place. The white marker on the hillside indicates where the water level will be once the dam is complete. Everything below this marker will be covered in water. CH-25. 0

Finding “The Jade Dragon” The repeated flooding of the Yangtze River helped create caves in the cliffs at Fengdu. • If there are 36 caves and Jace doesn’t know which cave has the Jade Dragon within it, what is the probability that Jace will find the statue in the first cave that he enters? Express your answer as a fraction and as a decimal. CH-26. 0 Click here for more information on probabilities.

Social Studies Also, many ancient temples and other artifacts dating back to civilizations that lived thousands of years ago will be submerged in the water. The dam will destroy the habitat for many endangered species in the river including the Chinese River Dolphin. CH-27. 0

Social Studies: Decide For Yourself… • What are the advantages of building the dam? • What are the disadvantages of building the dam? • Do you think China should build the Three Gorges Dam? Why or Why not? • Can you think of another way the Chinese government might keep the river from flooding? CH-28. 0

Investigate the Mystery: • From the story, what do you see as the basic health problem that affects Jace? …that affects Grandfather? • What are the possible causes of these problems? Can you state these in the form of a hypothesis? • What kind of evidence would you need to confirm that your hypothesis is correct? • What predictions or application could you make if the hypothesis were proved correct? Click here for review of scientific method. CH-29. 0

Planning a Strategy • • • What are we trying to find out? What was reported in the story? What information do you NOT have? What do you hypothesize? What tests or facts would support your hypothesis? • If your hypothesis were correct, what predictions could you make? CH-30. 0

Why are Jace and Grandfather having breathing problems? • Is there a difference in the problems between the two? Why or why not? • What are the environmental hazards that could be causing the difficult breathing? • How do these hazards make breathing more difficult? CH-31. 0

Investigating Food Jace ate a meal during the time that he was in China. In the story, “The Jade Dragon, ” this food was described as: A. rice served on the train. B. fried chicken served by his grandfather. C. fish in the caves of Fengdu. D. chicken sandwiches served on the river. CH-32. 0

Investigating Food • Could the food that Jace ate during the trip have caused him to have trouble breathing? • Why or why not? CH-33. 0

Investigating Water Jace drank a beverage on the trip to the Yangtze River. Do you remember what he drank on the train? A. bottled water B. a cold soda C. hot tea D. rain water CH-34. 0

Investigating Water • Could something that Jace drank on the train cause him to have trouble breathing? • Why or why not? CH-35. 0

Investigating Skin Contact Jace likely touched several things during his trip to China. Which of the following things was not mentioned in The Jade Dragon? A. microcomputer B. money C. chickens D. cats CH-36. 0

Investigating Skin Contact • Could something that Jace touched during his trip to Fengdu have caused Jace to have trouble breathing? • Why or why not? CH-37. 0

Investigating Air Jace was exposed to several things in the air while he was in China. Which of the following airborne pollutants was not mentioned in The Jade Dragon? A. exhaust fumes from cars and trucks B. blowing silt from the farm lands C. cigarette smoke D. smoke from factories CH-38. 0

Investigating Air • Could the air in Chongqing and in the train have caused Jace to have trouble breathing? • Why or why not? • Would the weather have an effect? Click here CH-39. 0

Did You Notice the Smoking? … see the next few slides … CH-40. 0

Lung Damage and Cigarettes • Examination of Grandfather’s body revealed that his lungs were very blackened. This apparently occurred as a result of smoking cigarettes. • Which of the lungs (shown below) are a smoker’s lungs? CH-41. 0

A Lifetime in Cigarettes • Unfortunately, Jace’s grandfather smoked a pack of cigarettes every day from the age of 20 until he died at the age of 60. • If there are 20 cigarettes in a pack, how many cigarettes did Jace’s Grandfather smoke during his life? CH-42. 0

Putting a Price on Grandfather’s Smoking • If cigarettes cost $3. 00 per pack, approximately how many dollars did Jace’s grandfather spend during the 40 years that he smoked? CH-43. 0

What if Grandfather had invested his money? • If Jace’s grandfather had put $3. 00 a day in a savings account (5% interest compounded every month), at the time of his death he would have a bank account worth approximately: A. $120 B. $ 22, 000 C. $ 43, 800 D. $ 137, 900 CH-44. 0 For more information on percentages, click here.

What a Savings Account! $137, 900, is enough money to: A. Buy 2 new pick-up trucks (Ford or Chevy) B. Send Jace and K. T. to Texas A&M University for 4 years C. Pay for 2 meals/day for 4 years D. Buy 40 pairs of shoes E. Do all of the above Click here for more about smoking and nicotine. CH-45. 0

Remember How Your Breathing System Works • Air comes in mouth or nose. • Air moves down your windpipe (“trachea”). • Trachea divides into smaller airways (bronchi, bronchioles). • Air ends in blind sacs surrounded by tiny blood vessels (“capillaries”). This is where gas exchange occurs. CH-46. 0

Hard Breathing! Grandfather and Jace, when he was having attacks, were noticed by K. T. to have the most difficulty breathing out, as opposed to breathing in. How could you explain that? See next slide for hints. CH-47. 0

Key Information on Breathing • Breathing in: - Air is pulled in by raising of the rib cage (which increases size of the cavity) and contraction of the diaphragm. - Think about the role of atmospheric pressure in the air and in the chest cavity around the lungs. • Breathing out: - Think about the forces needed to move air out. - Think about what is NOT available to help pull the diaphragm into the lungs and move air out. CH-48. 0 See next slide for illustration of how breathing moves air.

Mechanics of Breathing -- A BELL-JAR MODEL -- In normal breathing, diaphragm contraction pulls down CH-49. 0 q What would happen to lungs in this model system if you pulled down on the diaphragm? Why? q What would happen to lungs if the chest cavity were punctured? Why? q What would happen to lungs if they were scarred and did not stretch easily?

Here Is Another Way To Think About It • Chest cavity is normally sealed • Contraction of diaphragm creates a partial vacuum in chest cavity • Air rushes in, and lungs expand as air fills the alveoli CH-50. 0

Make Your Own Lung Model Things You Need: 1. A clear plastic cola bottle with bottom cut out. 2. A cork or stopper to fit in the top of the bottle. Need TWO holes in cork, one for pulling a vacuum and one for connecting to a balloon. 3. Two stout straws to fit inside the cork. 4. A balloon taped tightly around the large straw. 5. A rubber glove attached and sealed to bottom of bottle. CH-51. 0

Protecting You from “Creeping Crud” cilia Cells lining the trachea air space CH-52. 0 Cells lining the small bronchiole • Cells lining the trachea have cilia that move mucous and foreign matter out of the lungs (about 270 cilia per cell). • But where are the cilia down deep in the smaller bronchioles and alveoli? • What is the consequence of not having so many cilia deep in the respiratory tract? • Why then don’t your bronchioles have cilia? Is that bad design?

What is aggravating Jace’s asthma? The following things might have made Jace’s asthma worse. From the circumstances in the story, which of these could have been likely problems? ___ mites in house dust ___ tree pollen ___ certain foods ___ mold ___ tobacco smoke ___ smoke from industrial plants ___ coal dust ___ poison ivy/poison oak ___ "acid rain“ ___ bee stings ___ car and bus exhausts For each, was there anything that Jace could have done to reduce his CH-53. 0 exposure?

What caused Grandfather’s Emphysema? Continuous exposure to some of the following things might have caused Grandfather’s emphysema (and maybe lung cancer). From the circumstances in the story, which of these could have been likely causes? ___ mites in house dust ___ smoke from industrial plants ___ certain foods ___ poison ivy/poison oak ___ tobacco smoke ___ bee stings ___ coal dust ___ mold ___ “acid rain” ___ tree pollen ___ car and bus exhausts CH-54. 0 For each item that was a possible cause, how could Grandfather have changed his style of living to have prevented his sickness?

What happens in asthma? • Bronchioles get narrower. Why do you think this happens? • How does this affect delivery of air to the lungs? • How does this affect delivery of air from the lungs? • What kinds of things must you do to prevent and to treat asthma? CH-55. 0

Asthma is caused by muscle spasms where? What kind of muscle? The body has a special kind of muscle called “smooth” muscle that is found in the gut and blood vessels. It is usually arranged in a circular way around the gut, the blood vessels, or the small air tubes (bronchioles) in the lung. When this muscle contracts, it shrinks the size of the gut, vessel, or bronchiole. Think of it like tightening a belt around your waist. What do you think happens to this muscle in asthma? If circular muscle contracts, what will happen to bronchiole diameter and flow? Why? How do you think the drug in Jace’s inhaler works on this muscle? Why do you suppose it is inhaled rather than injected or taken as a pill? CH-56. 0

Here Is Where Gas Exchange Occurs Air sacs • Bronchioles are surrounded by air sacs (alveoli) • Why does gas exchange occur in alveoli? • What happens to gas exchange if foreign matter (such as tars and particles from smoke) gets trapped in here? CH-57. 0 Bronchiole smooth muscle

Breathing In Gases Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen • Air contains 21% oxygen, 0. 03% carbon dioxide, and 79% nitrogen. • How do you suppose the relative percentages of each would change in the lungs …? In the blood? Explain why. CH-58. 0

Transporting Oxygen • Oxygen does not dissolve well in water (which can only hold about 0. 3%). • Blood is mostly water. So how can blood carry enough oxygen? • Red blood cells have a special protein (hemoglobin) that attaches to and carries O 2 and CO 2. CH-59. 0

Interpret This Curve of Oxygen Binding by Hemoglobin (Hb) How does this curve show that: • Binding is most efficient at low O 2 concentrations • Binding is not improved much by breathing oxygen (under normal conditions) • You can breathe normally in a jet plane at high altitudes where there is Two other questions: less than the normal 1. Can hemoglobin be more than 100% saturated? amount of oxygen 2. CH-60. 0 How could you get blood (water) to carry more oxygen? Hint: think about scuba diving

Why does carbon dioxide matter? • Carbon dioxide comes from the use of O 2 in metabolism of foods and from the energyproducing processes in mitochondria. • As carbon dioxide accumulates in the tissues, it reacts to form carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3). • Chemical reactions in the body are facilitated by enzyme proteins which operate best over a very narrow range of tissue and blood p. H (p. H 7. 4). CH-61. 0

A Fun Experiment We have been talking about Jace’s breathing, but what about his heart? Resp. Rate (cycles/min) • State a hypothesis about the relationship of breathing rate to heart rate. • Test your hypothesis on several classmates by taking their pulse rate and breathing rate under identical conditions (resting and after different levels of vigorous exercise). • Plot one rate versus the other. • Explain the graph. • Explain why the body functions this way. CH-62. 0 Heart Rate (beats/min)

Treating Jace’s Asthma When Jace had difficulty with breathing, he put an inhaler up to his mouth, pressed the canister, and breathed in the medication from the inhaler. The drug in the inhaler went into his lungs and caused the small passageways (bronchioles) in his lungs to open wider. CH-63. 0

Treating Jace’s Asthma - Units Every time Jace activated the inhaler, it delivered 0. 4 mg (milligram) of medication. Given: 1000 mg (milligrams) = 1 g (gram) Does 1 milligram of a substance weigh more or less than 1 gram of a substance? For more information on metric multiplication factors, click here. CH-64. 0

Treating Asthma - Unit Conversion Every time Jace activated the inhaler it delivered 0. 4 mg (milligram) of medication. Given: 1000 mg (milligrams) = 1 g (gram) How many grams is 0. 4 mg? Express your answer as a decimal. For more information on metric multiplication factors, click here. CH-65. 0

Treating Asthma Given: 1. A new inhaler canister has enough medication to provide for 200 uses (puffs). 2. Every time the canister is activated it delivers 0. 4 mg of medication. How much total medication (mg) is in a new inhaler? CH-66. 0

Treating Asthma Given: 1. A new inhaler canister has enough medication in it to provide for 200 uses (puffs). 2. Jace used the last two puffs of his inhaler while in China. What fraction of medication was in the canister when Jace left home to travel to China? CH-67. 0

Treating Asthma If Jace did not know how much medication was in the canister when he left home, how could he have estimated how much was left? • Hint: Think of different ways you weigh things. Also, remember that the medication is a liquid and the container can be partially filled. CH-68. 0

More About the Inhaler Which of the following formulas would be the correct formula to use to calculate the volume of an inhaler canister? A. Volume = base x width x height B. Volume = 4/3 x p x radius 3 C. Volume = 1/2 x base x height D. Volume = p x radius 2 x height Click here for more information on geometry. CH-69. 0

Inhaler Given: Volume of a cylinder = p x radius 2 x height Find the volume of an inhaler canister with a height of 50 millimeters and a radius of 8. 6 millimeters? Find out more about the volume and area of objects. CH-70. 0

The Dragon • Given that one cubic centimeter (cm³) of jade weighs approximately 0. 0545 kilograms and the “Jade Dragon” weighs 5. 24 kilograms, what is the volume of the “Jade Dragon”? • Convert its weight to pounds. • Note: 1 kilogram (kg) = 2. 2 pounds (lbs) Click here for more information on volume and weight conversions. CH-71. 0

Cheap Ride Jace and K. T. rode a train 40 kilometers from Chongqing to Fengdu. The ticket only cost $1. 75 with a meal included. What was the cost per kilometer of the train ride? CH-72. 0 Click here for more information on conversions.

Nicotine BAD! Nicotine is a lethal substance taking only 0. 9 mg/kg to kill a person. Jace’s grandfather weighs 70 kg. How much nicotine would he need to eat to reach toxic levels? CH-73. 0

This Is Tasty A cigarette contains about 8 mg of nicotine. How many cigarettes would Jace’s grandfather have to eat to receive a toxic dose of nicotine? Assume the lethal dose is 0. 9 mg/kg and Jace’s grandfather weighs 70 kg. CH-74. 0 Click here for more information on conversions.

A Little Too Crowded In the story Jace states that in China there are over 30 million people in an area the size of Maine. The population of China is 1. 12 billion; the population of the United States is 288 million. Express the ratio of the population of the United States to China as a percentage. CH-75. 0 For more information on ratios and percentages, click on the hyperlinks.

Population Density If China has an area of 9, 597, 000 km 2 and the U. S. covers an area of 9, 629, 000 km 2, what is the population density of each country? Express the answer in people / km 2. Assume the population of China is 1. 12 billion and that of the United States is 288 million. How many times greater is China’s population density than the United States’? CH-76. 0 Click here for more information on conversions.

Wheezing! In the story, what is the probability that K. T. will find Jace’s inhaler in the first pocket she checks if Jace’s jacket has six pockets? Express the probability as a percentage. Click here for more information on probabilities. CH-77. 0

Possible Multiple Routes of Exposure (Inhaling, Ingestion or Skin Contact) • Can hazards like those received by Jace, Grandfather and K. T. enter the body by different routes? • Why did the same environmental exposure that Jace received not cause the same symptoms in K. T. ? CH-78. 0

Could either of these cause the symptoms of Jace or Grandfather? Cyanide Benzopyrene q Sources: Mining, organic chemical production, iron and steel mills q Effects: Nausea, vomiting, hard breathing Incomplete combustion (gasoline, BBQ cooking, meat smoke houses, city incinerators, wood or coal stoves q Effects (after many years): lung cancer CH-79. 0

Could either of these cause the symptoms of Jace or Grandfather? Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) Cadmium q Sources: Power plants, auto combustion, poorly ventilated gas or kerosene heaters q Effects: irritates air sacs and bronchioles of lungs CH-80. 0 Byproduct of lead, zinc, and copper refining; fossil fuel combustion q Effects: emphysema, lung cancer

Reviewing the Hypothesis in Light of the Evidence • Review your original hypothesis. • Does the evidence that you uncovered support it? • What could have been done to prevent the health problems? … By Jace? … By Grandfather? … By the public or government? CH-81. 0

Pass the Story Along • At the end of the story, Jace’s mother calls him home. How will Jace explain his absence and the presence of the Jade Dragon to his mother? • Summarize the key points of the story as Jace might have told the story to his mother. Limit your summary to 250 words. Click here to find out more about summaries. CH-82. 0

Can you imagine? • The Jade Dragon is described twice in the story. Find and re-read the two descriptions. • Now close your eyes and imagine how the dragon looks. • Write a short descriptive essay that captures your mental image of the dragon. Click here to find out more about descriptive writing. CH-83. 0

Paint a Picture with Words • Jace uses two similes to describe the weight of the dragon. – “It’s as light as the souls it guards and as heavy as the burden of the centuries. ” • Identify the two similes. • Think of two new similes to add to the description of the dragon that you wrote. CH-84. 0

Can you “see” the Jade Dragon? • Select a partner from among your classmates. • Listen as your partner reads his or her description of the Jade Dragon. • Based only on this description, draw a picture of the Jade Dragon. • Now switch roles and repeat the activity. CH-85. 0

Language “Treasure Hunt” • Find examples of each of the following in the story: – Simile – Personification – Symbolism • How do these improve the story? CH-86. 0

Vocabulary Challenge • Look closely at “The Jade Dragon” for context clues to words that might have hidden meanings. • Check your vocabulary by taking the Vocabulary Challenge. CH-87. 0

Family History • Jace tells K. T. that the Jade Dragon is the guardian of his ancestors. • Define the word “ancestors” and research the importance of ancestors in Chinese society. • Ask your parent or guardian about your family history. • Compare and contrast your ancestors to Jace’s family. Click here to find out more about comparing and contrasting. CH-88. 0

Ancestors in Chinese Culture • Ancestors are an essential part of Chinese religion and culture. • The importance of ancestors can be seen in Jace’s great desire to save the Jade Dragon from destruction. • Click here to learn more about Chinese culture, the special role of jade and dragons, and why an artifact like the Jade Dragon would be important to a Chinese family. CH-88. 1

Can you believe what you hear? • On the train, Jace and K. T. overhear one or two conversations between fellow passengers. • Locate both of these conversations in the story and re-read them. • What is the main topic of both conversations? • What do you know about the speakers? CH-89. 0

The Yin and the Yang • How does the perspective of each speaker differ? • Who do you think is right? • Research the topic and prepare a short persuasive essay that outlines three supportive arguments for your position about the advantages or disadvantages of the Three Gorges Dam. Click here to find out more about persuasive writing. CH-90. 0

Reviewing the Adventure • • What was the story all about? What did we learn about China? What were the health problems? What was it about the environment that was causing the health problems? How did we figure that out? • What could prevent the health problems? CH-91. 0

• Teachers, please click on this link to complete a short survey concerning this module: http: //peer. tamu. edu/forms/Curricula_Survey. shtml. This product is available through the cooperation of the following: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health College of Education, Texas A&M University CH-92. 0 Department of Agricultural Education, Texas A&M University The Center for Environmental and Rural Health College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University

List of Slide Numbers that Correspond to the Different Subject Areas CH-93. 0 Science Slides 33 -45, 50 -67, 82 -85 and CH 29. 0 -41. 0, 46. 0 -63. 0, 78. 0 -81. 0 Social Studies Slides 6 -22, 26 -29, 31 -32 and CH 2. 0 -18. 0, 22. 0 -25. 0, 27. 0 -28. 0 English Slides 4 -5, 36, 38, 42 -43, 8696 and CH 0. 9, 1. 0, 32. 0, 34. 0, 38. 0 -39. 0, 82. 0 -89. 0 Math Slides 23 -25, 30, 46 -49, 68 -81 and CH 19. 0 -21. 0, 26. 0, 42. 0 -45. 0, 64. 0 -77. 0