Integrated Middle School Curriculum Partnership for Environmental Education

Integrated Middle School Curriculum Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health (PEER; http: //peer. tamu. edu) Texas A&M University

Primary Authors: Jon Hunter Bill Klemm Deborah Kochevar Jim Kracht Based on a story by Marguerite Swilling Production of the Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health funded by NIEHS, Larry Johnson, PI

Mr. or Ms. Smith’s class Your Middle School

Investigator’s Challenge Quiz • Review the story Midnight at the Marble Tomb. • Test your knowledge of the story by taking the Investigator’s Challenge Quiz. • After you complete the quiz, return to the story and identify where to find each correct answer. IN-1. 0

Where is India? The global address or absolute location of the center of India is 20° N. L. and 77° E. L. • Is India in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere? • Is India in the Eastern or Western Hemisphere? IN-2. 0

N W E S Point and click on the center of India. (20° N. L. , 77° E. L. ) IN-3. 0

N W E S The latitude for the center of India is: _____° North or South. What is the longitude for the center of India? ______° West or East? The absolute location for the center of India is _________. IN-4. 0

India is the largest democracy in the world, the seventh largest country, and the second most populous. To find out more about India, take a tour of the country. IN-5. 0

India’s Landmass • India is about one third as large as the United States, having a total landmass of 3, 287, 600 sq. km. • About 56% of India’s land is fit for cultivation, while roughly 23% is woodland or forests. How many square kilometers of India’s land could potentially be used to grow food? Find out more about percents and decimals. IN-6. 0

New Delhi is the capital city of India. Where is it located? The global address or absolute location of New Delhi is 28° N. L. and 77° E. L. IN-7. 0

Point and click on New Delhi, India. (28° N. L. , 77° E. L. ) IN-8. 0

Were you correct? Look for the highlight around New Delhi, India on the map. What is the latitude for New Delhi? _____° North or South? What is the longitude for New Delhi? _____° West or East? The absolute location for New Delhi is ________. IN-9. 0

N W E S The absolute location for New Delhi, India is 28° N. L. , 77° E. L. The absolute location of Houston, Texas is 30° N. L. , 95° W. L. Which city is located in the Eastern Hemisphere? Which city is further North? Which city is located in the Western Hemisphere? Which city is closer to the Equator? IN-10. 0

Look on the map above to find what cities match the addresses given below. 1. What city is located at 13° N. L. , 80° E. L. ? ____________ IN-11. 0 2. What city is located at 22° N. L. , 88° E. L. ? ____________ 3. What city is located at 18° N. L. , 72° E. L? ____________

Were you correct? • Chennai (Madras) is located at 13° N. L. , 80° E. L. • Kolkata (Calcutta) is located at 22° N. L. , 88° E. L. • Mumbai (Bombay) is located at 19° N. L. , 73° E. L. IN-12. 0

Just Checking • The global address of a place using latitude and longitude is known as _______. • Global addresses north of the equator are referred to as North _______. • Global addresses west of the Prime Meridian are referred to as West _______. • Both latitude and longitude are measured in _______. IN-13. 0

Test your understanding of latitude and longitude by taking the Absolute Location Challenge Quiz. IN-14. 0

Relative Location Where is India in relation to other places? IN-15. 0

N W E S India is outlined on the map above. • On what continent is India located? • What continent is southwest of India? • What continent is southeast of India? IN-16. 0

N W E S If you were to travel using the shortest distance to India from your home, which direction would you travel? IN-17. 0

N ARCTIC OCEAN EUROPE W ASIA PACIFIC OCEAN NORTH AMERICA ATLANTIC OCEAN E AFRICA ATLANTIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN SOUTH AMERICA AUSTRALIA ANTARCTIC OCEAN S Notice that India is now positioned in the left part of the map. This is because we are looking at the earth from a different direction. The Pacific Ocean is now in the center of the map instead of the Atlantic Ocean. Using the map above, in which direction would you travel using the shortest distance from India to your home? IN-18. 0

India is circled in black on the map below. • What sea is to the west of India? • What country is to the northwest of India? • Name a country on the map that is northeast of India. IN-19. 0

Kanpur is highlighted on the map. • • • IN-20. 0 What city is the capital of India? ________ This city is located in what direction from Kanpur? ________ The city of Nagpur is located in what direction from Kanpur? ______ If you were to travel straight northwest from Kanpur, what country would you reach? _______

Just Checking • You are talking with a friend. She asks, “Where is India? ” How would you respond? • If you were to travel from Texas to India, in which direction would you travel? • If you were to travel from India to France, in which direction would you travel? • Which of the following is closer to India? ___Germany ___the USA ___China IN-21. 0

Investigate the Mystery • Who appears sick? • Can you describe the symptoms of people that our time travelers saw who appeared to be sick? • Do you have any ideas on the possible cause? IN-22. 0

What do the Sick People Have in Common? • Are the people wealthy or poor? • What is the environment like? Is it polluted? In what ways? • Do they live in sanitary conditions? • From the story, could there be one basic underlying cause for the sicknesses that Connie, Jace, K. T. , and Summer saw in India? IN-23. 0

Planning a Strategy IN-24. 0 • What are we trying to find out? • What was reported in the story? • What information do we NOT have?

Key Clues Make a list of things in the environment and situations mentioned in the story that might serve as clues to account for the sicknesses. IN-25. 0

Do You Have An Hypothesis? 1. What are the possible causes of the sickness? 2. Can you state an hypothesis? 3. What kind of evidence would you need to confirm that your hypothesis is correct? IN-26. 0 … for help on Scientific Method, click here.

Environment • What kind of environment did the travelers observe? • How does it differ from the environment that you live in? IN-27. 0

Investigating Food • The children saw food being sold under unsanitary conditions. • What were these unsanitary conditions? • Is there evidence of food poisoning? Why or why not? IN-28. 0

Investigating Water Could something the sick people drank have caused their sickness? Why or why not? IN-29. 0

Investigating Skin Contact • Is there any indication that skin contact or exposure could have caused the sickness? IN-30. 0 • What conditions in this category were described?

Consider the symptoms of the young man at the tattoo parlor. • Very thin, fatigued, with jaundice • Jaundice – Exhibits a yellowish tint to the skin (and under fingernails) and to the whites of the eyes. – Color is coming from a change in body chemistry. – Blood cells are normally wearing out, and their oxygencarrying pigment gets converted in the liver to a yellowish chemical. Jaundice can indicate one of two things. What are they? IN-31. 0

Red Blood Cells and Jaundice • Hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment of red cells, is converted to a yellow compound in the liver. • What organ system might be malfunctioning to cause jaundice? • Do you know of any conditions that could cause this organ to malfunction? IN-32. 0

Tattoos & Body Piercing • Skin is the first line of defense. (Click here for a review. ) Tattooing and body piercing break that line of defense. • People with certain kinds of tattoos are not eligible for enlistment in the military. Click here for details about the Army’s policy. IN-33. 0

The Liver and Health • Jaundice often indicates disease of the liver. • The liver is an extremely important organ. • Diseases of the liver will cause whole body sickness because the liver has so many functions. • Click here to review what the liver does. IN-34. 0

Investigating Air • Could the air around the Taj Mahal be a problem? • Why or why not? IN-35. 0

What is the significance of Dr. Patel asking the club members if they were vaccinated before entering India? IN-36. 0 Click here for U. S. government health advisory on India and recommended vaccinations.

Animal Causes of Human Disease • The story mentions that the city had lots of animals (donkeys, goats, sheep, camels) close to where people live. • What are some ways that we can get diseases from animals? • Can you name some diseases that animals spread to humans? IN-37. 0

Possible Multiple Routes of Exposure • Are any of the hazards to which the people near the Taj Mahal were exposed able to get into the body in multiple ways? IN-38. 0

Predictions What does the hypothesis predict? Are any of those predictions fulfilled in the story? IN-39. 0

Reviewing the Hypothesis in Light of the Evidence • • IN-40. 0 Review your original hypothesis. What evidence in the story supports the hypothesis? What could be done to have prevented the health problems? To learn more about this sickness, click here.

Wonders of the World • The Taj Mahal is often included on lists of “wonders of the world. ” • Make a list of five other places that are said to be among the “ancient” or “modern wonders of the world”. IN-41. 0

Wonders of the World • Find a picture of one of these other “wonders. ” • Use the picture to help write a paragraph that describes this place. • Remember to include key information about the place. IN-42. 0

Base of the Taj Mahal • The Taj Mahal rests on a square marble platform that is 100 meters on each side and 6 meters tall. What volume of marble is contained in its base? • What is the surface area of the Taj Mahal’s base? IN-43. 0 Need help with area calculations and geometry?

Man! That is Heavy! Using the base volume of the Taj Mahal, figure out how many tons it weighs. A ton of marble is about 0. 5 meters. IN-44. 0

Hey, are you going use that blood? • Jace decides that he is tired of mowing the lawn for his allowance and wonders how much money he could make by donating his blood. He then begins to wonder how much money he could make if he persuaded every person on Earth to donate their blood for his cause. • He knows that there are roughly 5 billion people on the earth. He also knows that the average blood volume person is 1 gallon. Find the total volume of blood in liters. (1 liter =. 2642 gallons) IN-45. 0 Find out more about volumes and weights.

Base Volume of the Taj • Jace realizes that the total blood volume of all the earth’s people really is not that much, and that mowing the lawn is not really all that bad. So, he decides to figure how many Taj Mahal bases could be filled with the world’s blood. • Using the volume found earlier, find out how many containers the size of the Taj Majal base it would take to hold the world’s blood (1 cubic meter = 1, 000 liters). Find information about converting fractions to decimals. IN-46. 0

U. S. Dollars to Rupees • Jace is thinking about getting a tattoo of the Taj Mahal as a souvenir for the trip. • A tattoo of the Taj Mahal costs 2445 Indian rupees. The exchange rate between U. S. dollars and Indian rupees is: 1 USD (US dollars) = 48. 9 INR (Indian rupees), • How much will Jace’s souvenir tattoo cost in U. S. dollars? IN-47. 0

Working Hard for my Money Jace can earn 3. 57 cents per 1 ml of his plasma. How much plasma would Jace need to donate to pay for his Taj Mahal tattoo? (Round to the nearest hundred. ) IN-48. 0

Plasma Donation • It is safe for a person to donate 1. 4% of their total body weight in plasma per week. If Jace weighs 50 kg and 1 ml of plasma weighs 1 gram, how much plasma could he donate in one week? • Is it possible for Jace to earn enough money from donating plasma to purchase the Taj Mahal tattoo if he only stays in India for two hours? Find more information on percents and conversions. IN-49. 0

What are friends for? How many of Jace’s friends would need to donate plasma so that he would have enough money for the Taj Majal tattoo? IN-50. 0

Filling up with Plasma • How many of your favorite 12 oz soda cans could Jace’s plasma fill? (1 oz = 29. 57 ml) IN-51. 0

On a More Serious Note • India has a population of approximately 1 billion people. About 5 million of these people are infected with hepatitis. What percent of the population is infected with hepatitis? • What would be the probability of Jace contracting this disease if the tattoo shop did not change needles between the last customer and Jace? Answer in a ratio. Find out more information on ratios and probabilities. IN-52. 0

Tattoo? No Thank You! • Luckily, Jace realizes that people who get tattoos are sometimes involved in risky behaviors that put them at higher risk of contracting hepatitis and other infectious diseases. A few of these are HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, syphilis, and leprosy. • In the end, Jace decides the risk of contracting a disease is too high and decides against the tattoo. • Find out more about hepatitis. IN-53. 0

Yuck! • As Connie was walking down the alley, about 2, 000 mls of water splattered next to her feet from a pipe in the wall. What she did not want to know was that the water contained human waste that had a concentration of 1 million pathogenic bacteria per milliliter. • How many pathogenic bacteria were in the water that splattered next to Connie’s feet? IN-54. 0

Yummy! Given the number of bacteria found in the water that splattered next to Connie’s feet, and the number of pipes along the street spilling similar contents, do you think this could cause some of the problems that Connie and her friends saw on the street? IN-55. 0

Counting Camels • While the kids were walking down the alley, Summer counted the number of animals. She counted 60 chickens, which accounted for 40% of the total number of animals in the alley. What was the total number of animals counted by Summer? • If camels made up 10% of the animals seen in the alley, how many camels where there? Find more information on percents and decimals. IN-56. 0

The Moon! • While admiring the full moon, K. T. tried to figure the size of it based on the size of the earth. She knew that the earth had a diameter of 12, 756. 3 km and the moon’s radius was about 0. 1362 times the earth’s diameter. • Find the volume of the moon. Find information on volumes of geometric shapes. IN-57. 0

Let’s Get On The Bus. When the kids arrived in front of the Taj Mahal, a police officer told them to catch a bus back to their hotel. By the time they got to the station, the bus had already boarded 30 people. The bus had 5 benches that held 2 people each, 2 benches that held 3 people, a back seat that held 5 people and had additional standing room for 2/3 the amount of the total number seated. Is there room for any additional riders? IN-58. 0

The Alley It took the kids 20 minutes to travel through the notorious alley to the bus stop. If they traveled at a speed of 3 miles per hour for the first 10 min. , stopped to talk to their doctor friend for 4 min. , and then continued through the alley at a speed of 2 miles per hour, what was the length of the alley? IN-59. 0

Accidents Happen When K. T. accidentally triggered the BPC, it transported all the kids who were enveloped within a sphere of brilliantly colored light, but left Travis behind. If the sphere had a volume of 268. 08 ft 3, what was the minimum distance Travis had to be from K. T. not to be transported? Round to the nearest foot. Click here for more information on volume and geometry! IN-60. 0

Vocabulary Challenge • What do you see in this picture? • Use context clues to help you learn new vocabulary. • Take the Vocabulary Challenge quiz to test your skill at finding word meanings. IN-61. 0

Fishing with Travis When Travis frantically reeled in his fishing line, he made exactly 26 full turns of his reel. The reel had a diameter of 3 inches. How much line did Travis reel in? (Round to the nearest whole number. ) IN-62. 0 Click here for more information on diameter and circumference.

Unlocking Language • Build your language skills by carefully rereading Midnight at the Marble Tomb. • Practice these skills by completing the Unlocking Language activities. IN-63. 0

Walking Home When Travis had to go home to get his BPC to save his friends, he walked at a average speed of 5 miles an hour. Knowing it only took him 15 minutes to get home, how far had he walked? IN-64. 0

Getting to Know You • Traditional marriages in India were often arranged by the parents of the bride and groom. • Often the newlyweds were just getting to know each other as they departed for their honeymoon. IN-65. 0

Getting to Know You • If you were introducing yourself to someone new, what things might you want them to know? • Make a list of eight questions that you would answer as you describe yourself. An example of a question you might answer is “Where do I live? ” IN-66. 0

Getting to Know You • Imagine that you are introducing yourself in writing to Dr. Patel. • Write a one page letter that provides for her a good idea of who you are. • Exchange your letter with a partner for editing, then make a final draft. IN-67. 0

Faces in the Crowd The passage to the right could describe some of the people the friends saw in their adventure. IN-68. 0 Each path they tried was filled with Indians dressed in a variety of silk pajamalike clothing in every imaginable color, decorated with jewels and sequins that shimmered in the moonlight.

Faces in the Crowd • Next time classes change at your school, watch the students as they walk down the hall. • Make a list of the different types of people you see in the crowded hallway. • Pick one person you do not know and write a detailed descriptive paragraph about them. IN-69. 0

Faces in the Crowd • What things will you note about this person’s appearance? • Do you think your description would be different if you picked a person you do know? Why or why not? IN-70. 0

Reviewing the Adventure • • What was the story all about? What did we learn about India? What were the health problems? What was it about the environment that was causing the health problems? How did we figure that out? • What could prevent the health problems? IN-71. 0

Teachers, please click on this link to complete a short evaluation concerning this module: http: //peer. tamu. edu/forms/curricula_survey_2003. htm This product is available through the cooperation of the following: IN-72. 0 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Agricultural Education, Texas A&M University Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health The Center for Environmental and Rural Health College of Education, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University © 2002

List of Slide Numbers that Correspond to the Different Subject Areas IN-73. 0 Science Slides 25 -43, 56; Social Studies Slides 524; IN 22. 0 -40. 0, 53. 0 IN 2. 0 -21. 0 English Slides 4, 44 -45, 64, 66, 6872; Math Slides 9, 46 -55, 57 -63, 65, 67 IN 1. 0, 41. 0 -42. 0, 61. 0, 65. 0 -70. 0 IN 6. 0, 43. 0 -52. 0, 54. 0 -60. 0, 62. 0, 64. 0