Healthy Eating Without Costing the Earth Limerick 2016

Healthy Eating Without Costing the Earth Limerick 2016 Delivered by Lourdes Youth and Community Services www. lycs. ie 1

BROKEN WORLD/BROKEN FOOD SYSTEM 2

Main points of this training People all over the world are eating more and more meat, diary & processed/junk food. Obesity and other related diseases are on the rise. Hunger affects 1 in 9 The way we produce food is threatening soil, animal species, water and climate. Who decides what we eat and how? How can we encourage better eating for people & planet. 3

Evolution? 4

Starving & Stuffed HUNGER Not enough Food Nearly 1 billion OBESITY Enough food but often not enough nutrition 2 billion + 5

Disease of poverty/inequality 6

Up to half of Global Food Wasted 7

Food system is warming planet The global food system produces nearly 40% of carbon emissions. This includes producing, packaging, transporting, storing and cooking food. 8

Unsustainable industrial Farming 9

Loss of biodiversity, forest, species, culture 10

Globalisation 11

Western Diet and Disease 12

Hungry Planet In small groups take 3 photos of low, middle and high income country family & what they eat in 1 week. Compare photos from the 3 places. q What are main differences q Which are healthier, more sustainable diets? q What do the pictures say about trends in food as we get richer? q Why are diets changing? q How do the photos compare to food consumed in Ireland past and present? 13

WHAT INFLUENCES FOOD CHOICES 14

Moving Debate What people chose to put in their own mouths is a personal choice and responsibility 15

3 Groups A peasant in a poor Latin American country who lives off small patch of land sells surplus corn in local market A lone parent non-driver in council flats in north east inner city Dublin, family benefit, 4 kids A disabled elderly person living in residential care in Monaghan 16

Rate the factors that influence food choices around the world: Amount of land they have and the weather/climate Price of food Their class, social group or ethnicity Government advice on healthy eating e. g. food pyramid Food advertising Fussy eating in kids What is available nearby Weight-loss diets, or other special diets e. g. diabetes Cooking skills Climate change Commodity prices on stock exchange Trade agreements Culture Large corporate influence 17

Promote, Limit or Ban? 18

Compare in groups – will this change? NOW PAST & FUTURE? Important part of our nutritional intake? Parents and other caregivers give to children/sick and elderly? Affordable and freely available? Advertised widely? Cocaine Cigarettes Alcohol Sugar/Junk Food 19

What is sugar linked to? Heart disease Tooth decay Obesity Diabetes Type 2 Hypertension Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Dementia Cholesterol and liver disease Malnutrition (empty calories) 20

Sugar There is added sugar in a lot of processed food. The WHO says we should only consume 6 -9 teaspoons a day Manufacturers use many different terms to avoid saying sugar, e. g. high fructose corn syrup As well as looking for the word sugar on label (which means added sugar), check % of sugar. 21

Sugar By Other Names 22

High Fructose Corn Syrup A source of sugar used in processed food especially drinks Contributes to heart disease, obesity, cancer, dementia, liver failure, tooth decay. 23

Food Knowledge Car/House/Body exercise 24

Whole or Processed Breastmilk Vs Formula Canned baked beans Vs Raw haricot beans Porridge Oats Vs Ready Break/Oat bar Raw cacao Vs Diary Milk Corn on Cob Vs Cornflakes 25

WHERE OUR FOOD COMES FROM - IMPORTATION 26

What I ate yesterday. Write down 10 things you eat/drank yesterday and if home made/take away/GIY/organic etc. What would you like to be eating more or less of? Share (what you want) with partner. Discuss: Ø What do you think are the issues facing Irish people in general in terms of food. Ø What determines what you end up eating? 27

Imported Food • Half of what we spend on food and drink comes from abroad Ø 60% of imports could be produced in Ireland e. g. potatoes, carrots, apples , fish, poultry, pork. Ø 40% we couldn’t produce due to climate, e. g. tea, chocolate, oranges 28

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Are we self-sufficient? If there was a problem and Ireland couldn’t import/transport food, within 7 days there would be food shortages. If Ireland had to go back to being selfsufficient in food it would take 7 years. 30

Why do we import stuff we could produce? Neoliberal Globalisation/Free Trade – all markets are ‘open’, food is another commodity to be traded. Via WTO Price – poorer countries often produce food at cheaper prices. Most fresh whole chickens here are Irish, once you go to catering level at the sandwich bar or café, nearly all of it is cheaper imports, often from Brazil and Thailand. Industry issues –e. g. Boyne Valley Honey, says most of their honey is imported from Europe and South America because of the wet climate, lack of beekeepers and demise of Irish bees. 31

Importing Food – pros and cons In small groups brainstorm the pros and cons of importing food into Ireland, in terms of environment, sustainability, jobs, justice, nutrition, variety in diet etc. Watch the film on Kenyan Beans See if your list changes. Feedback 32

Where does our food come from? Type of food European Union countries Countries outside of the European Union Cereals Netherlands, France, Denmark, Spain Chile, Canada, Egypt, Pakistan, Thailand, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica Prepared foods (includes processed food like sugar, chocolate, sweets) Spain, Germany, Republic of Ireland, Greece, France, Portugal USA, Israel, Turkey, India, China, Ghana, Egypt Fruit and vegetables Italy, Germany, France, Spain Costa Rica, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Honduras, New Zealand Dairy products Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Finland Austria, Denmark Italy Kosovo, Thailand, Canada, Singapore Argentina, China, Beverages Germany, Netherlands France, Luxembourg Kenya, Israel, India, Brazil, Indonesia, USA, Canada Meat France, Germany, Netherlands Brazil, Thailand, Argentina, USA Seafood Germany, Belgium, Denmark Seychelles, USA, Thailand Philippines, India, Iceland 33

Neoliberal Globalisation Promotes: economic liberalisation, privatisation, free trade, open markets, deregulation, reductions in government spending, enhance private sector. How: free trade agreements, CAP, World Trade Organisation (rules for members), IMF & World Bank, EU 34

Free (liberal) trade Policy Result Reducing/removing taxes and tariffs, subsidies, price controls You can’t protect indigenous food industry from cheap imports, food flown round the world Deregulation (labour standards) Wages go down, unions quashed, no minimum wage Deregulation (environmental protection) Big companies can cut rainforest to grow cash crops Deregulation (animal & food protection) Lower standards of welfare for animals and lower standards of 35 food production

World Trade Organisation The World Trade Organization (WTO) supervises and liberalises international trade. Started 1995, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which stated in 1948 Deals with regulation of trade between participating countries; e. g. trade agreements, dispute resolution WTO is trying to complete Doha Development Round negotiations (deadline 2005) but developing and developed countries can't agree on rules to regulate agricultural trade (rich world want to keep subsidies and developing don't agree). Famously tens of thousands protested against WTO in Seattle in 1999. As with other international financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank, the WTO's policies have been critisised for contributing to the widening gap between rich and poor, for benefitting mainly richer countries and for not seeking to protect labour rights and the environment. 36

TTIP Trade Agreement The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a trade agreement that is presently being negotiated between the European Union and the United States. It aims at removing trade barriers in a wide range of economic sectors to make it easier to buy and sell goods and services between the EU and the US. On top of cutting tariffs across all sectors, the EU and the US want to tackle barriers behind the customs border – such as differences in technical regulations, standards and approval procedures. These often cost unnecessary time and money for companies who want to sell their products on both markets. . FROM: http: //ec. europa. eu/trade/policy/in-focus/ttip/about-ttip/ 37

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Globalisation of Agriculture in South Globalisation of Global South agriculture 'free' trade in agri-products high-tech export oriented farming low spending on domestic farming How were changes made? Through IMF loan conditionalities, or SAPs open markets to food imports privatisation (e. g. patent DNA) increased use of fertilizers and pesticides less land-reform less rural reform e. g. irrigation 40

WHY IS FOOD PROCESSED? 41

The Problems with Processed • • Unhealthy – high sugar, salt, fat Addictive ingredients to sell Cheap Fillers e. g. cellulose, horse Lower welfare (people and animals) More impact planet High marketing, e. g. to kids Less educated, poorer more susceptible 42

Cheap crops for food industry Monoculture Needs lots of fertiliser & pesticide & water Huge areas land, removes people & animals Needs lots oil Send all over world GMO in US etc. Some subsidised e. g. Corn in US Floods 3 rd world markets, small farmers lose 43

Processed industrial food Big business Relies on cheap raw materials such as corn, soy, wheat, sugar, palm oil Grown using pesticides, lots of oil etc. Often uses bulkers e. g. wood or water Advertising & marketing important Adds ‘value’ (profit) to food items (less nutrients) ‘Externalises’ costs such as water, soil, land 44

FOOD IS BIG BUSINESS 45

Who makes the money? Banana Worker Shipper Shops & Supermarket Importer & Ripener Plantation Owner 46

Banana Split Answers Banana worker 1 p Plantation owner 5 p Shipper 4 p Shop or supermarket 13 p Importer and ripener 7 p Total 30 p 47

Food Business Enemies and Friends High commodity costs Low labour costs TV ownership Low fat fad Access to water, environmental protection laws Intensive chicken farming antibiotics fertilisers cheap oil Grow it Yourself GMOs people in cash economy Subsistence agriculture Free trade laws 48

Our Success – An interview Product: ______________ Company: _____________ Your profits rose by 21% this year. Congratulations! We’d love to know more about how you managed this. Can you tell us a bit about the product? What bulking agents did you use to reduce the raw material bill? What other innovative technology did you avail of? (GMO, antibiotics, modern pesticides etc. ) You also own the plantation in ______. How did you deal with the emerging trade union movement there, which is trying to get higher wages for workers? Do you avail of any off-shore tax solutions? Do you enjoy any government subsidies or have you benefited from any recent free trade agreements? Environmental legislation is a growing problem for many manufacturers in that part of the world, due to the threat of climate change, soil erosion and habitat destruction. How did you minimise costs in this area? What about the demand from consumers and government to lessen dangerous additives and sugar? What was your marketing strategy? Which age group did you target and why? 49

Industrial Food System Fertilisers (after 2 nd World War from munitions plus cheap oil) Consequences: Monoculture to produce large amount grain/other cash crops • Disease from processed food in US, UK • Hunger when poor can’t buy food • Loss habitats/biodiversity/climate change/soil erosion What to do with surplus? Pesticides to control pests from monoculture • Give as Food Aid to 3 rd World (make dependent) • Process to add value • Force Free Trade laws to open new markets Antibiotics for intensive produced animals 50

Community Based Food System 51

Food Sustainability 52

Food in 2050? 2 billion extra people to feed Many demanding more meat, animal produce Climate change – reduced fertile land Water scarcity? Peak oil, lack cheap energy? Soil degradation Who owns seeds? 53

Some Global Food Issues 54

FOOD ADVICE 55

Mixed Messages What we hear Alternative voices Eat lots of starchy food Starchy food is similar to sugar and makes us fat, esp. if added sugar or white version Fat is bad, chose low fat Fat is fine, chose full fat. Low fat and high sugar/processing is worse Chose low cholesterol food Cholesterol in diet is ok, epigenetics decide if problem for you Have some meat Meat is bad for planet. OR Meat is great, eat lots. (paleo) Sugar is bad No evidence that sugar is bad ‘Health Food Made Easy Programme’ Junk food is bad! 56

Food Pyramid – any problems? 57

Food Advice via Big Business Ignore mainstream nutritional advice. Many big nutritional bodies are funded by Big Sugar http: //iquitsugar. com/funded-by-big-sugar/ 58

Alternative Food Pyramid 59

New US Food Advice 60

WHAT IS IN OUR FOOD? 61

What is in our food? Brainstorm undesirables in our food 62

Which is alive? A Robot Vs A Person 63

Which is healthier? 64

Which produces what we need? 65

Margarine – a healthy food? 66

Changing Food 67

LABELS 68

Reading Labels How many ingredients? Can you pronounce? How much nutrition? Protein, iron, calcium. . 69

How To Read Labels 70

Reading Labels: Sugar Total sugar content. Should be less than 5% or 5 gm per 100 gm to be low sugar food. Allow extra 5 gm more if a diary product as lactose is sugar. Divide gms of sugar by 4 to get teaspoons e. g. 8 gm is 2 teaspoons. Max per day should be 6 -9 for adults. 71

Fat Avoid hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oil (trans-fat). (changed to stay solid at room temperature). Causes heart disease, cancer and diabetes. All vegetable oils (sunflower, soya, rapeseed etc. ) have been highly refined and heated and are not healthy. Palm oil is not bad for us, but often very unsustainably sourced. Low Fat/No fat Fewer calories but more processed and vitamins and minerals lost, esp. fat soluble. For cooking at home coconut oil, ghee, butter and lard are less likely to be damaged and become unhealthy through heating. Olive and rapeseed good for salad 72

Trans/Hydrogenated Fat Trans fat extends the shelf life of food products is among the most dangerous substances that you can consume. Banned in Denmark increases the risk of heart attacks, heart disease and strokes, and contributes to increased inflammation, diabetes and other health problems. Found in: margarine, chips and crackers, baked goods, fast foods. 73

Controversial Ingredients 74

Artificial Preservatives Nitrates/Nitrites – Allergic reactions, cancer? Sulphites – allergic reaction esp for asthmatics Polysorbates – infertility, immunosuppressant BHT/BHA – Liver and kidney problems Sodium Benzoate – allergic reacions, carcinogen 75

Artificial Sweeteners Aspartame, (E 951) (aka Nutrasweet , Amino Sweet). Neurotoxin and carcinogen. Known to erode intelligence and affect short-term memory. Acesulfame-K has not been thoroughly tested and has been linked to kidney tumors. Saccharine Causes cancer in animals, maybe humans Sucralose (Splenda) More research needed 76

Artificial Flavours/Flavour Enhancers Over 100 chemical additives in this group Reactions include allergies, behavioural reactions Monosodium Glutamate (MSG / E 621) Regular consumption may result in depression, disorientation, eye damage, fatigue, headaches, and obesity. Found in: Chinese food, many snacks, chips, cookies, seasonings, most Campbell Soup products, frozen dinners, lunch meats 77

Artificial Colours May contribute to behavioural problems in children and lead to a significant reduction in IQ. Animal studies have linked other food colourings to cancer. Watch out for these ones: Blue #1 and Blue #2 (E 133), Banned in Norway, Finland France. May cause chromosomal damage Red dye # 3 (also Red #40 – a more current dye) (E 124) Banned in 1990 after 8 years of debate from use in many foods and cosmetics. This dye continues to be on the market until supplies run out! Has been proven to cause thyroid cancer and chromosomal damage in laboratory animals, may also interfere with brain-nerve transmission. Yellow #6 (E 110) and Yellow Tartrazine (E 102). Banned in Norway and Sweden. Increases the number of kidney and adrenal gland tumours in laboratory animals, may cause chromosomal damage. Found in: American cheese, sweets and carbonated beverages, lemonade and more. 78

Chose Food Without Labels Chose plants, not food from a plant Foods, not food products. Enjoy your food, think about what you are putting in (maximum nutrients) not what you are depriving yourself of 79

Why avoid processed food? Lost nutrition. Increasing shelf life = use of preservatives, e. g. salt, mold inhibitors, bacteria killers, antioxidants, antimicrobial chemicals, etc…). Many dangerous To make food more palatable and attractive, additives are used. E. g. artificial food colorings which can causes cognitive problems in children Companies want cheaper manufacturing techniques and ingredients. Lab food is cheaper than a naturally sourced ingredient. Lower welfare and lower quality meats used. 80

Why avoid processed food cont. Highly industrialised, often subsidised cheap food turned into profit. E. g. corn and soy– soy oil and high fructose corn syrup are found in many processed items. Fat, salt and sweetness – cheap and addictive ingredients that make food appealing but unhealthy. 81

Comparing Foods Look at nutritional info – do you have any high sugar or high fat foods. Is it healthy fat? Do you have non-food ingredients? Do you trust them? Compare the label images and claims with the nutritional info – any differences? Where do you think the main ingredients come from (small sustainable farm/ large industrial farms/Ireland or abroad/factory or farm) ? Which ingredients are addictive? Which are ‘bulkers’ or ‘enhancers’? Do you think any nutrients have been lost in the product? Is it good value for money in terms of nutrition? If no price, guess. Do you think your items are made sustainably? 82

Organic – yes or no? Healthy antioxidants and lower levels of toxic metals and pesticides. (latest 2014 researchhttp: //www. theguardian. com/environment/2014/jul/11/organic-food-moreantioxidants-study) switching to organic fruit and veg could give the same benefits as adding 1 or 2 portions of the recommended "five a day". Organic farming protects soil and pollutes water less. BUT it is more expensive. Check out Dirty Dozen list of most toxic fruit and veg. 83

Group Discussion True or False - processed/junk food is cheaper, which is why disadvantaged groups are more likely to chose it. 84

Task: Comment on these food claims Organic Fair trade Sustainable Made in Ireland Low fat/fat free Contains Omega 3 Natural Flavourings Traceable 85

HEALTHY EATING ON A BUDGET 86

Is real food more expensive? Tesco Chicken nuggets and Moy Park whole chicken, almost same price per kilo, € 4, but nuggets only 55% chicken Bowl organic porridge and Tesco Cornflakes both 10 c, but porridge much healthier Tesco Value Cod fillets, € 11. 96/kg, Birds Eye Fish Fingers, € 10. 69/kg 58% Pollock, Tesco value Fish Fingers € 3. 88/kg, 65% Pollock. Donegal Catch Breaded Cod € 14. 98/kg Tesco Everyday Value Chicken Curry 400 G € 1. 29 but 13% chicken 87

Healthy Food from Lidl/Aldi Tinned wild salmon Tinned cooked beans Tinned Tuna Organic potatoes Organic/Free Range Eggs Sweet Potatoes Large natural live yoghurt Organic cheddar cheese Mussels , cod, smoked makerel Sundried tomatoes (though have preservative) Avocados, bag € 2 Organic minced beef Brown Rice Whole wheat pasta Almonds, other nuts Brown pitta bread Nuts in shell Free range chicken Organic apples, oranges Tinned tomatoes, passata Fair trade organic bananas Olives Organic porridge oats Range fruit and veg 88

Alternatives Instead of this: Get this: Tesco Value Chicken Curry & Rice (for one) € 1. 29 2 Value fillets, healthy tikka sauce, frozen peas, pepper, sweet corn. € 2. 40 person Potatoes Sweet Potatoes Strawberry Yoghurt Natural Yoghurt with fresh fruit Frozen chips Sweet potato wedges homemade Packet of crisps Packet of popcorn (not cheesey one) Bacon & Egg Sandwich, egg and cheese sandwich 89

TIPS HEALTHY SUSTAINABLE EATING 90

Food Rules - Michael Pollan 91

Food Rules 92

Tips Healthy, Sustainable Eating 93

Tips Healthy, Sustainable Eating 94

Tips Healthy, Sustainable Eating Real (whole) food, i. e. food in the form that it grows in. The less done to it the better. Cook from scratch as much as possible. Vegetables (fresh or frozen, preferably Irish grown in season) Fruit (as above, whole and fresh better than juice or dried but all have nutrients) Pulses e. g. Peas, beans, lentils (cook from dried or in cans but not in sauce) Eggs (free range if affordable) Poultry (free range if affordable) Fresh fish (sea caught, not farmed) Nuts, seeds, nut and seed butters Tinned fish (esp. dolphin friendly or pole and line caught) Healthy oils (e. g. olive oil, coconut oil) Avocados Live yoghurt, whole milk Unprocessed cheese, any type Organic soya products Irish beef, lamb, pork (not cold cooked meats) Brown/whole grain/whole wheat bread, rice and pasta (or other starches such as buckwheat, wholegrain cous etc) Whole oats (porridge) Corn (on the cob, polenta, tinned corn, frozen corn) Jacket potatoes or sweet potatoes Home-made baking and treats Very dark chocolate Fresh or dried herbs and spices Add wheat germ, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds to cereals. Garlic, parsley and turmeric to stews and curries 95

Chew On This 96

Chew On This 97

Action Ideas Changing Policy/Government Consumer Power Direct Action Cultural Action Communications/Awareness Raising Walking the Walk/Living Alternatives Symbolic/Spiritual Solidarity Labour action 98