The Rise of Totalitarianism The Causes of World

The Rise of Totalitarianism & The Causes of World War II The Gathering Storm Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Tuesday, 10 November 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes if you can. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Name 8 different types of government systems. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Tuesday, 10 November 2015 - Answers In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes if you can. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Name 8 different types of governments. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Dictatorship Constitutional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Militarist Pure Democracy Representative Democracy Fascist Communist Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

INTRODUCTORY LESSON 8 TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS Activity: Over the next three days you will partake in a project that will require you to explore 8 different types of governments. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Dictatorship Constitutional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Militarist Pure Democracy Representative Democracy Fascist Communist On Day 1, you will complete research within a group on one of the types of government. On Day 2, you will create a poster featuring your type of government, and on Day 3, you will complete a Gallery Walk, collecting information on the remaining 7 types on your Study Guide Sheet. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Thursday, 12 November 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Please get into your groups & continue your project immediately. You should be finished with your posters by the end of the period. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Friday, 13 November 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Please finish up any last details of your posters and be ready to move onto the Gallery Walk portion of the project. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Monday, 16 November 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Write up one statement the captures the essence of each of the following types of governments: 1. 2. 3. 4. Dictatorship Constitutional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Militarist Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Monday, 16 November 2015 - Answers In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Write up one statement the captures the essence of each of the following types of governments: 1. Dictatorship-one person has supreme control of every aspect of the state. 2, Constitutional Monarchy-the King or Queen is subordinate to the state’s parliament. 3. Absolute Monarchy-a King or Queen has complete control over ruling the state. 4. Militarist-the armed forces controls policy-making decisions for the state Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

UNIT IV VOCABULARY • Totalitarianism • Nazism • Fascism • Democracy • Capitalism • Dictatorship • Benito Mussolini • Adolf Hitler • The Axis Powers • The Allied Powers Joseph Stalin • Inflation • The Munich Agreement • The New Deal • Hideki Tojo • Emperor Hirohito • President Franklin Delano Roosevelt • The Great Depression • Socialism • Winston Churchill • Isolationism • The Soviet Union • Regime • Pearl Harbor • The 1929 Stock Market Crash Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Tuesday, 17 November 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Write up one statement the captures the essence of each of the following types of governments: 5. Pure Democracy 6. Representative Democracy 7. Fascist 8. Communist Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Tuesday, 17 November 2015 - Answers In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Write up one statement the captures the essence of each of the following types of governments: 5. Pure Democracy-the people in the state maintain control by voting on all of the interests that are related to how they are governed. 6. Representative Democracy-the people maintain control by electing individuals in the state to speak on behalf of their interests on issues related to how they are governed. 7. Fascist-the state emphasizes an extreme & aggressive form of nationalism. 8. Communist-common ownership of the means of production in the state. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Thursday, 19 November 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. Review your definitions for the following types of governments and be ready to answer questions regarding them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Dictatorship Constitutional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Militarist Pure Democracy Representative Democracy Fascist Communist Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Monday, 7 December 2015 In your ISN write on page 92 Recall your project from last week and write about one cause of World War II that you think was the most salient or important. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Essential Question: What were the underlying causes of World War II? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II 1. The Treaty of Versailles, 1919 A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations B. German War Reparations 1) Germany must pay back Allies $57 trillion (inflation adjusted) in war debts 2) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed the German people Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, & Woodrow Wilson during negotiations for the Treaty Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II 2. The World-wide Depression A. The Depression worsened the German debt B. Desperate people turn to seemingly strong leaders to bring solutions to their problems 1) In the 1930 s, Hitler offered himself & the Nazi Party up as the key to a German rebirth 1923 – Children playing with stacks of German Deutchmarks Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II 3. The Rise of Totalitarian Regimes with Imperialistic Desires A. Under a Totalitarian regime, individual rights are not viewed as being as important as the needs of the nation El Caudillo Francisco Franco Spain Il Duce Benito Mussolini Italy Der Führer Adolf Hitler Germany Prime Minister Hideki Tojo Japan Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism 18 & the Causes of World War II General Secretary Joseph Stalin The Soviet Union

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II The Totalitarian Regimes Country: Spain Type of Government: Francoism (dictatorship) Goals & Ideas: • Rose to power during The Spanish Civil War • Offered support to Nazi Germany & Italy, but remained neutral during World War II El Caudillo Francisco Franco Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II The Totalitarian Regimes Country: Italy Type of Government: Fascism (dictatorship) Goals & Ideas: • Centralized all power in himself as leader (total control of social, economic, and political life) • Ambition to restore the glory of Rome • Invasion of Ethiopia & Designs on more of North Africa • Alliance with Nazi Germany Il Duce Benito Mussolini Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II The Totalitarian Regimes Country: Germany Type of Government: Nazism (dictatorship) Goals & Ideas: • Inflation and depression weakened the democratic government in Germany and allowed an opportunity for Hitler to rise to power • Believed the western powers had no intention of using force to maintain the Treaty of Versailles • Anti-Semitism: Persecution of Jews • Extreme nationalism: National Socialism (aka Nazism) • Aggression: German occupation of nearby countries • Lebensraum: More land for the Germans Der Führer Adolf Hitler • Anschluss: German union with Austria Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II The Totalitarian Regimes Country: Japan Type of Government: Militarism (dictatorship) Goals & Ideas: • Though Japan had an emperor, the military had taken control of the government • Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals, but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his name • Industrialization of Japan, lending to a drive for raw materials – how do you get raw materials? IMPERIALISM Prime Minister Hideki Tojo • Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China (The League of Nations did nothing) Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II The Totalitarian Regimes Country: The Soviet Union Type of Government: Totalitarian Communism (dictatorship) Goals & Ideas: • Crushed opponents and took control after the death of Lenin • Held absolute authority; suppressed resistance • Brought his country to world power status but imposed upon it one of the most ruthless regimes in history • New Economic Policies (NEP) • Collectivization: exported seized goods and gained enough capital to finance a massive industrialization drive • Rapid industrialization: three 5 -year plans General Secretary Joseph Stalin • The Great Purges: KGB = secret police killed thousands of army officers and prominent Bolsheviks who opposed Stalin • Feared the growing power of Nazi Germany Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II 4. Isolationism A. Why was the U. S. Isolationist? 1. Great Depression (problems at home) 2. Perceptions of WWI a. WWI did not seem to solve much b. People began to think that we got into WWI for the wrong reasons (greedy American businessmen!) 3. Opposition to war (Pacifism) a. Washington Conference - Limits on size of the country's navies b. Kellogg-Briand pact - condemned war as a way to solving conflicts B. This led to policies of Appeasement 1. Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they will not ask for more 2. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with German annexation of the Rhineland & … Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Life in The Soviet Union • Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered his people to produce more goods in order to strengthen the country in preparation for war. • Farmers were forced to give up their land to join collective farms. • Millions of farmers that resisted were either killed or sent to labor camps called GULAGs. • The term “GULAG” is an acronym for the Soviet bureaucratic institution, Glavnoe Upravlenie ispravitel’no-trudovykh LAGerei (Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps), that operated the Soviet system of forced labor camps in the Stalin era. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Resistance is Futile Prisoners work at Belbaltlag, a GULAG camp for building the White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Resistance is Futile Prisoners mine gold at Kolyma, the most notorious GULAG camp in extreme northeastern Siberia. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Life in a GULAG (courtesy of the Evfrosiniia Kersnovskaia Foundation, Moscow) “The arrival at the corrective labor camp turned out to be the culmination of the humiliation. First we were made to strip naked and were shoved into some roofless enclosures made out of planks. Above our heads the stars twinkled; below our bare feet lay frozen excrement. An enclosure measured 3 square feet. Each held three to four naked, shivering, and frightened men & women. Then these ‘kennel cages’ were opened one after the other and the naked people were led across a courtyard, the camp version of a foyer into a special building where our documents were ‘formulated’ and our things were searched. The goal of the search was to leave us with rags, and to take the good things; sweaters, mittens, socks, scarves, vests, and good shoes for themselves. Ten thieves shamelessly fleeced these destitute and barely alive people. “ ‘Corrective’ is something that should make you better, and ‘labor’ ennobles you. But ‘camp’? A camp wasn‘t a jail. So then what on earth was going on? ” Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Resistance is Futile A drawing by Evfrosiniia Kersnovskaia, a former GULAG prisoner. Courtesy of Evfrosiniia Kersnovskaia Foundation, Moscow. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Resistance is Futile Have you ever been late to work? In the Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work three times could be sent to the GULAG for three years. Have you ever told a joke about a government official? In the Stalin era, many were sent to the GULAG for up to 25 years for telling an innocent joke about a Communist Party official. If your family was starving, would you take a few potatoes left in a field after harvest? In the Stalin era, a person could be sent to the GULAG for up to ten years for such petty theft. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Resistance is Futile Maria Tchebotareva Trying to feed her four hungry children during the massive 1932 -1933 famine, the peasant mother allegedly stole three pounds of rye from her former field—confiscated by the state as part of collectivization. Soviet authorities sentenced her to ten years in the GULAG. When her sentence expired in 1943, it was arbitrarily extended until the end of the war in 1945. After her release, she was required to live in exile near her GULAG camp north of the Arctic Circle, and she was not able to return home until 1956, 3 years after the death of Stalin. Maria Tchebotareva never found her children after her release. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Resistance is Futile Seeking the appearance of democracy, the Soviet Union held elections, but only one Communist Party candidate appeared on the ballot for each office. Fear of punishment ensured that nearly all Soviet citizens “voted” by taking their ballot and ceremoniously placing it into a ballot box. In 1949, Ivan Burylov, a beekeeper, protested this absurd ritual by writing the word “Comedy” on his “secret” ballot. Soviet authorities linked the ballot to Burylov and sentenced him to eight years in camps for this “crime. ” Ivan Burylov Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Resistance is Futile Stalin’s drive to seize all private land in the 1920 s and 1930 s met significant resistance. Some victims were shot, some were arrested and sent into the GULAG camps, and many were exiled to remote parts of the country. Trial of so-called rich peasants in 1929. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Closure: What have we learned today? & What more do we want to know? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Tuesday, 8 December 2015 In your ISN page 94 You may use your ISN notes. Describe this political cartoon: Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Essential Question: What were the goals & actions taken by Germany, Japan, & Italy ( The eventual Axis Powers) that led to World War II? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Mussolini wants a new Roman Empire Mussolini's ultimate goal was to create a new Roman Empire. He began by invading and conquering Ethiopia as well as by aiding Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Even before his military actions, he signed the Lateral Accords, stating that Pope Pius XI would finally recognize Italy as an independent state. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Japan wants their own Empire • Japan felt that they had the right to start an overseas empire, just as European countries such as Britain and France had done. • In 1931, Japan seized Manchuria, China, for its valuable coal and iron. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Japan wants their own Empire • The League of Nations failed to help China. • In 1937, Japan began an all out attack on China, eventually conquering Korea and French Indo-China as well (the colonies controlled by France). Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Hitler envisions The Third Reich • Hitler desires to reunite the lands formally possessed by Germany that were taken away as a result of the Treaty of Versailles (The Rhineland, Danzig and the Polish corridor). • He also wants to unite all the ethnic Germans in Europe into the one German Reich (Austria & Sudetenland). • His desires also included the acquisition of additional lands to allow the German people more “Lebensraum”(Living Room). Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Re-occupation of the Rhineland 7 March 1936 • In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, German troops move into the de-militarized Rhineland, the area bordering France and Belgium. German troops cross the Rhine River during the remilitarization of the Rhineland, 7 March 1936. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Anschluss 12 March 1938 Anschluss* • German Annexation of Austria • Most Austrians welcomed the Nazis with open arms. *Anschluss: the Nazi propaganda term for the invasion & forced incorporation of Austria to Nazi Germany. Members of the League of German Girls wave Nazi flags in support of the German annexation of Austria in Vienna, Austria. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II The Sudeten Crisis Schoolchildren welcome Adolf Hitler as he enters the Sudetenland 1938 • Germany wants to claim the Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia inhabited with 3 million ethnic Germans. • British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with Adolf Hitler in Berchtesgaden on September 15 and agreed to the cession of the Sudeten territories. Three days later, French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier did the same. No Czechoslovak representative was invited to these discussions. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II The Munich Agreement Before signing the Munich Agreement. From left to right: Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini, & Ciano. • Chamberlain met Hitler in Godesberg on September 22 to confirm the agreements, but Hitler now demanded, not only the annexation of the Sudeten territories, but also the immediate military occupation of the territories. • To achieve a solution, the Italian leader, Benito Mussolini, suggested a conference of the major powers in Munich. • On September 29, 1938, Hitler, Daladier, Mussolini, and Chamberlain met and signed the Munich Agreement, accepting the immediate occupation of the Sudetenland. Chamberlain then returned to Britain with the agreement, proclaiming "Peace in Our Time". This peace did not last long. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II • Britain & France gave into Germany hoping that it would avoid warfare, this circumstance being referred to as appeasement. Soviet poster of the 1930's by Kukryniksy on The Munich Agreement. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II 15 March 1939 • Emboldened by recent events, Hitler invades Czechoslovakia and proclaims the Czech Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. • The Slovak portion proclaimed their own state, the Slovak Republic, which became a satellite state and ally of Nazi Germany. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II 23 August 1939 Hitler & Stalin sign a Nonaggression Pact • In this Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler & Stalin agreed not to attack one another. This agreement shocked the world. They each considered the other to be mortal enemies. • The Soviet Union will stay out of any conflict in return for 1/2 of Poland (this part of the pact was not revealed until after Germany invaded Poland) Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Closure: What have we learned today? & What more do we want to know? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Wednesday, 9 December 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. ? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Essential Question: What strategies did Hitler employ in conducting the war? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Hitler invades Poland – Case White • From 24 October 1938 through 31 August 1939 Hitler has been expressing his desire to reunite the city of Danzig (lost after WWI) as well as gaining access ability to East Prussia (part of Germany). Negotiations with Britain, France, & Poland are unsuccessful and as a result he decides to invade Poland on 1 September 1939 • 2 September 1939 Hitler annexes the city of Danzig & informs Britain & France that he will withdraw from Poland if he is allowed to keep Danzig & the Polish Corridor. They refuse his demands. Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939 • 3 September 1939 Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany • World War II has officially begun Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Poland is doomed • Hitler continues his invasion of Poland from the west • 17 September 1939 The Soviet Union attacks from the east as per the Nazi-Soviet pact • By 6 October 1939 the campaign was over resulting in the complete annexation and division of Poland between Germany & The Soviet Union. • Poland is no more Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS The German Blitzkrieg 1939 – Poland is defeated by a war strategy that became known as the blitzkrieg. a German term for “lightning war, ” Blitzkrieg is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower. Its successful execution results in short military campaigns, which preserves human lives and limits the expenditure of artillery. Polish Garrison of Warsaw Marching out of City After the Surrender Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS William (Welek) Luksenburg Describes the first night of the German invasion of Poland [1990 interview] Shortly after the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, William's family was ordered into a ghetto and his brother went to a work camp. William bribed officials to discharge his brother from a hospital destined for evacuation to Auschwitz. Later, after escaping from a prison camp to tend to his brother, William was jailed. He was sent to Blechhammer, Gleiwitz (where he met his future wife), and other camps. William collapsed during a death march near the Austrian border, but was then liberated. His parents and brother perished. “Things began to change right the first night. The first night there were blackouts all over town. They would have a curfew. After dark, nobody's supposed to leave the house. The first memorable night is, was, when I. . . when some of our neighbors tried to. . . a young man tried to cross the street and he didn't realize just crossing the street, uh, would. . . would break, breach the curfew and a German soldier said, "Halt, " and he kept on running. And he got machine-gunned all the way across, and he fell right in front of our house. So the Germans started yelling, all the men "'Raus" [Get out], all the men out to help carry the body in and made me carry the body with four other persons. And because, the way he was machine-gunned, he was completely like cut in half. When I got home I was completely covered with blood, and I remember when I got into the house, my mother looked at me completely covered. There was something. . . such an awful thing to see first time. I was just absolutely covered with blood, and I always remember my mother's, uh, expression and my mother's fear and my mother's cry out when she saw me completely covered with blood and that was the first night, the first expression what was. . . We didn't know what's coming and it was a horrible thing, that first night. ” Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS The Success of The Blitzkrieg Over the next year, Hitler invades the following countries: 9 April 1940 - Denmark 9 April 1940 - Norway 15 May 1940 The Netherlands Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS The Success of The Blitzkrieg Over the next year, Hitler invades the following countries: 10 May 1940 - Belgium 10 May 1940 - France Hitler in Paris Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Hitler invades France – Case Red 1940 Swastika flag rises over Versailles & Paris The German western campaign into the Low Countries and France shattered Allied lines. Within six weeks, Britain evacuated its forces from the Continent and France requested an armistice with Germany. Paris, the French capital, fell to the Germans on June 14, 1940. In this footage, triumphant German forces raise the swastika flag over Versailles and over the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Versailles, the traditional residence of French kings, was deeply symbolic for the Germans: it was the site of both the declaration of the German Empire in 1871 and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. The Treaty of Versailles had imposed humiliating peace terms on Germany after its defeat in World War I. Germany would occupy Paris for the next four years, until 1944. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS France signs the Armistice Hitler decided that the 22 June 1940 signing should take place in the same rail carriage, Compiègne Wagon, where the Germans had signed the 1918 armistice Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Europe 1940 1935 -1939 1941 • By this time, The Soviet Union had seized eastern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. • and Germany had conquered western Poland, Denmark, Belgium, The Netherlands, Norway, & France. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain In the summer and fall of 1940, German and British air forces clashed in the skies over the United Kingdom, locked in the largest sustained bombing campaign to that date. A significant turning point of World War II, the Battle of Britain ended when Germany’s Luftwaffe failed to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force despite months of targeting Britain’s air bases, military posts and, ultimately, its civilian population. Britain’s decisive victory saved the country from a ground invasion and possible occupation by German forces while proving that air power alone could be used to win a major battle. German bomber over London Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain 4 June 1940 “. . . We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender …” Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Closure: What have we learned today? & What more do we want to know? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Thursday, 10 December 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. ? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Essential Question: What was Lend/Lease? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Activity: Thursday & Friday - You will view Power. Point notes and complete an activity on Lend-Lease. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Meanwhile…back in the United States… 4 November 1939 • The Neutrality Act of 1939 is passed, allowing for arms trade with belligerent nations on a cash-and-carry basis, thus in effect ending the arms embargo adopted as a result of the United States’ Isolationist policies. As a result of this Cash and Carry Policy, Britain and France could now buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them. This policy paved the way for Lend-Lease. 16 September 1940 • The United States prepared for war by setting up the first ever peacetime draft in U. S. history. 5 November 1940 • Breaking with tradition, Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran for, and won, a third term as President. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Arsenal of Democracy 11 March 1941 Lend-Lease Act • Allowed sales or loans to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States” Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS Operation Barbarossa 22 June 1941 Germany launched a surprise attack on the Soviet Union. • The Soviet Union now joins the Allies • The U. S. decides to extend Lend-Lease aid to the Soviets as well. Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

WORLD WAR II BEGINS The United States & Great Britain Plan The Atlantic Charter • President Franklin Delano Roosevelt & British Prime Minister Winston Churchill secretly meet on 14 August 1941, to establish the goals for the end of the war after defeating Germany: • To seek no territorial gain from the war • To support all peoples to choose their own form of government • Called for a “permanent system of general security”, such as the League of Nations Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Closure: What have we learned today? & What more do we want to know? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Bell Work – Friday, 11 December 2015 In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task. ? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM & THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II Essential Question: What were the events surrounding Pearl Harbor? Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Pearl Harbor (video link) • On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U. S. fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. • Approximately 2, 400 Americans were killed and most the Pacific fleet was destroyed. * The U. S. declared war on Japan the following day, officially entering World War II.

Meanwhile … in the Pacific • Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy” What? Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Effect? US declares war on Japan & other Axis powers USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Address to Congress Requesting a Declaration of War with Japan - December 8, 1941 (7: 56) Mr. Vice President, and Mr. Speaker, and Members of the Senate and House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that Nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its Government and its Emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American Island of Oahu, the Japanese Ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a

recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya.

Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our Nation. As Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole Nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.

No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces- with the unbounding determination of our people- we will gain the inevitable triumph- so help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.

THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II – Nazi Germany

THE COSTS OF WORLD WAR II Financial Cost: US Debt in 1940 - $9 billion vs. US Debt in 1945 - $98 billion The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776 Human Cost: Over 60 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI) 21. 3 million Russians (7. 7 million civilians) 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others) Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

1939 - WORLD WAR II TIMELINE - 1945 September 1 st Germany invades Poland (official start to the war) May 7 th Germans Surrender 1939 1941 September 3 rd Britain & France declare war on Germany December 7 th Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War 1945 September 2 nd Japanese Surrender Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

1939 - WHO WAS INVOLVED - 1945 The Major Allied Powers The Major Axis Powers Great Britain The Soviet Union (The Soviet Union joined The Allies in June of 1941 after their pact with Germany ended. Germany attacked The Soviet Union!!!) The United States France Germany Italy Japan (France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting) Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II

1939 - WHO WERE THE AXIS LEADERS - 1945 Il Dulce Benito Mussolini Italy Der Führer Adolf Hitler Germany Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II Prime Minister Hideki Tojo Japan

1939 - WHO WERE THE ALLIED LEADERS - 1945 General Secretary Joseph Stalin The Soviet Union (joined the Allies in June of 1941) Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain The United Kingdom 1937 -1940 Prime Minister Winston Churchill The United Kingdom 1940 -1945 Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II President Franklin Delano Roosevelt The United States