The Rise of Totalitarianism 1919 1939 Chapter 13

The Rise of Totalitarianism 1919 -1939 Chapter 13 Mr. Johnson

Unit Essential Question • Did the crisis of democracy lead to the rise of totalitarian dictators around the world?

What’s going on in the US • Migration to the Cities • Peak of Industrialization • Skyscrapers

What’s going on in the US • Changes in Society – The Roaring 20’s

What’s going on in the US • Changes in Society – Prohibition

What’s going on in the US • Changes in Society – Women’s Rights

What’s going on in the US • Changes in Society – New Literature • Loss of faith • Disgust for war • Depressed about what war has done to the world

What’s going on in the US • Changes in Society – The Harlem Renaissance – Precursor to civil rights – Changes in art and music

The Rise of Totalitarianism Fascism in Italy 1919 -1939 Chapter 13. 3 Mr. Johnson

Unit Essential Question • Did the crisis of democracy lead to the rise of totalitarian dictators around the world?

Fascism in Italy • Mussolini as a youth – Socialist dad – Teacher mom • In 1902 he fled to Switzerland to avoid military service – He would later punish others for this

Struggles in Italy What made it possible for Mussolini to come to power? • WWI devastated Italy’s economy • Lack of modernization – Poor roads – Lack of telephone • Loss of faith in the King

Fascism in Italy • 1919 Mussolini formed the Fascist Party – Used newspaper experience – Premier-Dictator (Il Duce) 1922 -1945 • The King “asked” Mussolini to take power

Fascism in Italy How did the Fascist party transform Italy’s government and economy? What role did the media play in the totalitarian state?

Fascism in Italy How did Mussolini use the problems Italy had after WWI to win power? What was Mussolini’s economic goal? How did Mussolini’s use of nationalism affect different parts of society? (Men, women, children) Are Fascism and Communism the same?

The Rise of Totalitarianism The Soviet Union under Stalin 1919 -1939 Chapter 13. 3 Mr. Johnson

Loseb Jughashvili • Mother was a washerwoman • Father was a drunk • Frail child – Smallpox – Deformed arm from horse cart accident • Tormented as a child

The Soviet Union under Stalin • Mother wanted him to be a priest • Dropped out of seminary • 1901 joined the Social Democratic Labor Party • Exiled 6 times • Changed name to Stalin or “steel” between 1910 -1912

The Soviet Union under Stalin • Coming out of WWI – – Civil War Revolution Lenin takes over Builds infrastructure • Stalin 1929 -1953 – 5 year plans

The Rise of Totalitarianism Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany 1919 -1939 Chapter 13. 5 Mr. Johnson

Question What political and economic problems did the Weimar republic face?

Germany’s Struggles • Kaiser William II – Abdicates throne • Democratic system – Led by Chancellor • Treaty of Versailles – Punishments

Germany’s Struggles • Dismantle Military – No AF – Small standing Army & Navy • Reparations – Dawes Plan • Great Depression – Runaway inflation – Ruhr Valley

Unit Essential Question • Did the crisis of democracy lead to the rise of totalitarian dictators around the world?

The Rise of Hitler • What do you know about Hitler? – Austrian born – Art – Rumored that mom’s dad was Jewish – Former military • German • Turned down for Austria

The Rise of Hitler • Post WWI – Joins radical group • National Socialist German Workers party (NAZI) – Failed Coup • Beer Hall Putsch • One year – Mein Kampf • Extreme Nationalism – Labensraum (living space)

Gaining power the legal way • Hitler’s push for power – Banned from public speaking – Used allies in NAZI party to continue party growth – Appeal to the people • Veterans, small business owners, lower middle class

What was Hitler’s appeal? • Fear of Communism – Winning seat in Reichstag (Parliament) • Claims of the NAZI party and Hitler – Jobs – End reparations – Defy the Versailles treaty

Why Hitler? • What was Hitler’s appeal?

The Third Reich • Returning the country to greatness • Use of Totalitarianism – Gestapo – Storm Troopers • Ceremonies and speeches

Accomplishments • Stopped payments • Built up military • Ended unemployment

Group discussion • Why did authoritarian states rise in Eastern Europe after WWI?