The Confederacy Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis

The Confederacy

Confederate States of America • Jefferson Davis (Miss. ) elected President • Alexander Stephens (GA) – vice president

The Calm Before the Storm • 7 Slave States Secede; 8 Left – what will happen? • Federal Government full of people who supported the South – What was going to happen? People feared the entire government was crumbling.

Secession

Crittenden Compromise • John Crittenden wanted to extend Missouri Compromise line all the way to the Pacific Ocean. • Lincoln Rejected the Plan – did not want slavery to expand

Will the North let the South Leave without a Fight?

North v. South Blue/ USA Gray/ C. S. A • United States of America or Union • President Abraham Lincoln • Capital: Washington D. C. • Feds----Federals • Yanks---Yankees • Bluebellies • Blue coats • Confederate States of America or Dixie • President Jefferson Davis • Capital: Richmond, VA • Rebs-Rebels- “Johnny Reb” • Gray coats • Yellowbellies

Firing on Fort Sumter April 12, 1861

Ft. Sumter Charleston, SC Controlled by the Union - Commander – Major Anderson Confederacy demands Surrender 2 Major Dilemmas facing Lincoln

Dilemma 1 - Lincoln could order the Navy to shoot its way to the Fort and reinforce Anderson Dilemma 2 Lincoln could order the evacuation of the Fort

Problem: 1. Would prompt the war; border states may join the South. 2. Would treat the Confederacy as a legitimate nation and weaken the union; would also encourage foreign countries to recognize the union.

Jefferson Davis’ Dilemma 1. Do Nothing – would damage the image of the confederacy as an independent nation 2. Fire on the Fort – turns peaceful secession into war. DAVIS CHOOSES WAR!!!

After Fort Sumter: April 17, 1861 Virginia Secedes - most populated - most industrialized - Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee Follow – now the Confederates have 11 states

4 Slave States Remain in the Union Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky and Missouri Quick Review: http: //www. history. com/topics/american-civil-war/civil- war-culture

Americans Expect a Short War. Union Advantages: More people, more industry, more food, more railroads, Lincoln’s leadership Confederate Advantages: King Cotton, better generals, motivated soldiers

Resources of the Union and the Confederacy, 1861

Railroad Lines, 1860

Rating the North & the South

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

First Battle at Bull Run/Manassas • • • July 21, 1861 Confederates under Gen. Joseph Johnston Union under General Mc. Dowell South – victory; People realized it would be a long war • http: //www. schooltube. com/video/0 c 14707 b 5 f 394 bc 6 a 92 b/1 st%20 Battle%20 o f%20 Bull%20 Run

JULY 21, 1861 • Union starts off strong • “Stonewall Jackson” makes great stand • Confederates force North to Surrender • Many soldiers felt the war was over and went home

But, O Sarah! If the dead can come back to this earth and flit unseen around those they loved, I shall always be near you; in the garish day and in the darkest night -- amidst your happiest scenes and gloomiest hours - always, always; and if there be a soft breeze upon your cheek, it shall be my breath; or the cool air fans your throbbing temple, it shall be my spirit passing by. Sarah, do not mourn me dead; think I am gone and wait for thee, for we shall meet again. As for my little boys, they will grow as I have done, and never know a father's love and care. Little Willie is too young to remember me long, and my blue eyed Edgar will keep my frolics with him among the dimmest memories of his childhood. Sarah, I have unlimited confidence in your maternal care and your development of their characters. Tell my two mothers his and hers I call God's blessing upon them. O Sarah, I wait for you there! Come to me, and lead thither my children. Sullivan

Union Strategy in Civil War ANACONDA PLAN • 1. Blockade Southern Ports • 2. Union Navy move down Mississippi and split Confederacy into 2 • 3 Union would capture capital – Richmond, Virginia

Union Strengths • More railroad track • Twice as many people • Five times the number of factories. Strategies • Anaconda Plan • Blockade Southern Ports • Move down Miss. River to cut C. S. A in half • Capture Richmond, VA (capital)

Opposition to the War • Conscription (Draft) placed a huge burden on the working class and farmers; allowed the rich to bypass military service – Rich Mans War and a Poor Mans Fight – Many food shortages during war – Northerners who sympathized with the South were known as Copperheads. Lincoln suspended their civil liberties by suspending the writ of habeas corpus

The War in the West

Civil War, 1861 -1862

Ulysses S. Grant • West Point Graduate • General of Union forces in Tennessee • Wins Vicksburg; Will give Union control of the vital Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half. • Will become head of Union forces

Sectionalism Review • • • 1848 – T. of G. H. And W. P. 1850 – Who; Most troubling part 1852 – HBS. UTC 1854 K-N 1854 -1856 B. K. And JB 1857 – DS 1859 JB Raid on HF 1860 LE and SC secedes FT. Sumter and Bull Run UG takes V and separates the Confederacy

Antietam – Mc. Clellan Fails to use advantage • Union troops find Lee’s Plans • Bloodiest single day battle in history • 26, 000 Casualties • South retreats; Mc. Clellan does not follow

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg, MD) - 1862 • Lee invades the North. • Mc. Clellan delays. • Both armies suffer huge casualties. (26, 000 total) • Single bloodiest day in US history. • Lee retreats. • Union victory.

Mc. Clellan : "Here is the paper with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home. "

Lincoln Fires Mc. Clellan

The Coming of Emancipation • September 22, 1862 --Antietam prompts preliminary Emancipation Proclamation – surrender in 100 days or lose slaves • January 1, 1863 --Proclamation put into effect for areas still in rebellion • African Americans flee to Union lines • Confederacy loses thousands of laborers

Emancipation in 1863

Battle of Chancellorsville • May 1 -3 1863 • South Victory • Lee Outnumbered – – 5 -2 Union – 97, 000 CSA – 57, 000 24, 000 Casualties • Stonewall Jackson killed

Battle of Gettysburg • • Lee needed supplies. Invades the North. Headed towards Penn. Victory on Northern soil would be huge. • July 1, 1863 • Rebels stumble across Union. • Skirmishes break out. • Both sides take high ground. • Gen. George Meade leads the Union.

Gettysburg • • • Lee marches into Pennsylvania July 1, 2, 3 1863 South Retreats Bloodiest Battle of the Civil War 51, 000 casualties Turning Point of the Civil War

Gettysburg Casualties

Siege of Vicksburg • Grant laid siege to Vicksburg, Miss. from May to July 1863. • Pounded residents into caves and dwellings. • July 4 -30, 000 Rebel troops surrender • Confederacy was cut in two.

Gettysburg Address • dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg. Lincoln wasn’t the main speaker. • his address remade America. • Summarized reason for fighting war.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal. ” Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicated – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow, this ground – The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here. It is rather for us, the living, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that, from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

• Grant appointed as commander of all Union forces • Appoints William Sherman to lead in the West. • Both believed in total war. – Bring the fight to the civilian population. – Demoralize the enemy. Grant Sherman

Union Prison Camp at Andersonville, GA

Grant continues War of Attrition • Fight till the South runs out of men, weapons, supplies and the Will to Fight • Picture Powerpoint: http: //www 1. teachertube. com/view. Video. php? video_id=434

Sherman’s March to Sea • March from Tennessee to the Sea • Burnt Atlanta, Savannah and DESTROYED Columbia, South Carolina • http: //www. weekl ystandard. com/art icles/endgame_817757. ht ml

Burning Atlanta

Total War

Sherman’s “Bowties”

Sherman in Savannah, GA “ I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah” – letter to President Lincoln from Sherman

Lincoln’s nd 2 Inaugural Address • Lincoln Re-elected President • Lincoln expressed: – Sorrow for all the losses – Urged “reconstruction” of the country – Reminded people that the war was fought to preserve the union – Hope for the future

Surrender at Appomattox • April 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant

The stress of war on Lincoln 1860 1865

Death of Lincoln • April 14, 1865 – • Booth is later killed. Lincoln is shot at • Other conspirators Ford’s Theatre by John later captured and Wilkes Booth. punished. • Lincoln dies early the next morning. John Wilkes Booth

Death of Lincoln Ford’s Theater John Wilkes Booth

“Sic Semper Tyrannis” – thus always to tyrants.

Executive Mansion, Washington, Nov. 21, 1864 Dear Madam, I have been shown in the files of the War Department a statement of the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts, that you are the mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering to you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours, to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of Freedom. Yours, very sincerely and respectfully, Abraham Lincoln

Union Prison Camp at Andersonville, GA

Original Andersonville Plan § Planned to hold 10, 000 men. § Had over 32, 000 at one time.

Union “Survivors”

Burying Dead Union POWs

Andersonville Cemetary

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Effects of the War • • 618, 000 troops dead Women took on more jobs Four million African Americans freed wartime inflation Photography Snipers Iron-clad ships Gatling Gun is used