SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER 2

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Section 2: Cultural Variation 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Objectives: w Define the meaning of the term culture and explain how material culture and non- material culture differ. w Identify and describe the basic components of culture. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Culture and Society: w a specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Meaning of Culture w Culture – consists of all the shared products of human groups which include physical objects, beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by a group w Material Culture – are physical objects that people create and use such as books, buildings, clothing, and cooking w Nonmaterial Culture – are abstract human creations that include beliefs, family patterns, ideas, and language 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CULTURE all the shared products of human groups 5 Material Culture Non material Culture physical objects that people create and use abstract human creations Examples automobiles, books, buildings, clothing, computers, and cooking beliefs, family patterns, ideas, language, political and economic systems, and rules HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Your Assignment: w Choose one element of culture from the following list: w Education, dating, funeral rites, hair styles, mealtime, medicine, games, bodily adornment, weapons, art w w Answer the following: 1. What material culture products are associated with your topic? w 2. What examples of nonmaterial culture, including taboos and norms, are associated with your topic? 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Sociobiology w Sociobiology: the study of the biological basis of human behavior 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Culture and Heredity: w Instincts: innate (unlearned) patterns of behavior w Why is culture more important than instinct in determining human behavior? w How does heredity affect behavior? w Reflexes: automatic reaction to physical stimulus w Drives: impulse to reduce discomfort 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis w Edward Sapir & Benjamin Whorf w What can vocabulary tell you about a culture? w Does the hypothesis of linguistic relativity mean we are prisoners of our language? w What other factors help to shape our perception of reality? w Hypothesis of linguistic relativity w theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely on language 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Basic Components of Culture w Technology – physical objects and rules for using them w Symbols – anything that represents something else and has a shared meaning w Language – the organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system w Values – shared beliefs about what is good and bad or right or wrong w Norms – shared rules of conduct 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Norms- shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations…rules defining appropriate and w : inappropriate behavior William Graham Sumner stated that anything can be considered appropriate when norms approve of it. 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Cultural Etiquette Country : Custom: England/Scotland& Wales Appointments are essential. You may be ten minutes late but not ten minutes early! Greece Be careful not to praise a specific object too enthusiastically or the host may insist on giving it to you. w Libya If you are invited to a Libyan home for dinner, only men will be present. Take a gift for the host but not for his wife. Senegal Never eat food with the left hand, as this is considered offensive Zambia Avoid direct eye contact with members of the opposite sex—it may suggest romantic overtures China A visit to a Chinese home is rare—unless the government has given prior approval Saudi Arabia It is an insult to sit in such as way as to face your host with the soles of your shoes showing. 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Norms- Mean Girls: list the norms 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Guys Bathroom: list the norms 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Social Experiment 1 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Social Experiment 2 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Social Experiment 3: 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Folkways- norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral value attached to them w Examples- eat with mouth closed, when to clap at shows, greeting people, doing hw w What happens when people break a folkway? Mores- social behavior that has GREAT moral significance. Violation of a more carries punishment w Examples: Killing, Stealing, Raping, Arson 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w Taboos: a rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment w Law: a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials w How doe laws differ from mores? 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Silly Laws Still on the Books State: Law: Alabama It is illegal for a driver to be blindfolded while driving. Arizona Hunting camels is prohibited Florida If an elephant is left tied to a parking meter, it still has to pay the meter fee Illinois Cannot contact the police before entering the city in a car Iowa Kisses can last for up to but not longer than 5 minutes Maine You must not step out of a plane in flight Massachusetts No gorilla is allowed in the back seat of a car Minnesota You may not cross state lines with a duck on your head Vermont Whistling underwater is illegal Washington 20 It is illegal to pretend your parents are rich HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Culture Project: w Directions: Choose a different culture from your own. w w w w w 21 Research that culture and write an example from it next to each appropriate term below: Culture Researched: ____________________ Technology : Symbols: Language: Values : Norms : Folkway: More: Taboo: HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Extra Credit Homework: w Your own social experiment …. 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w When social norms are broken-even some seemingly unimportant ones-people can have some strong reactions. To demonstrate this, try one of the following examples of breaking down social norms……. 23 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 1. In a large waiting room where there are many empty chairs, choose a chair next to a person who is already seated. One of our norms is that strangers do not sit next to each other as long as other seats are available. A friend should record the reactions of the other person 24 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 2. Enter an Elevator where others are already riding. Stand facing the back of the elevator. A friend should take note of the reactions-verbal and nonverbal-of the other on the elevator 25 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 3. Boys, carry a purse to a store. Walk to the cashier and open the purse to take out your money and pay for your purchase. Girls, wear last years prom dress to the grocery store 26 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 4. In your own home, if the members of your family have specific places where they sit during dinner, sit in another persons place. 27 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 5. In Class, and with prior consent, address your teacher by his/her first name Watch the reactions of your classmates 28 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 6. Extend your left hand to shake hands with someone 29 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 7. Facing the wrong direction, ride an escalator 30 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Welcome 1. Grab a table of contents for unit one and place in the front of your folder 2. Grab your folders and take your seat 3. Put your culture project Homework, and/or Social Experiment Extra Credit Homework in your folder for me to grade. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Share cultural projects? . . HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Share social experiments? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w Student learning objective w Thinking critically about “social norms” messages expressed by a popular television “reality show” that is aimed at a teen audience. w Preparation w Consider the concept of a “social norm. ” Social norms theory says that people’s behavior is influenced by what they think is “normal” or “typical. ” The problem is that we often misjudge the typical behaviors or attitudes of our peers. w For example, if teens believe that the majority of their peers are getting pregnant, they are more likely to get pregnant themselves. Informing teens that the majority of their peers are not getting pregnant can set a new “social norm” and help them to avoid risky sexual behaviors w Introducing discussion to students w Let’s focus on media messages, specifically ones that teens receive from TV reality shows. I’d like you to be fully aware of what these messages are, so that you can be as smart as possible when watching these shows. The shows Teen Mom, Jersey Shore, Honey Boo, Jack Ass and other shows like them are a great example of a media product that definitely sends a lot of messages, so let’s examine what some of these are, and how we can think critically about them. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w Options for student discussion questions w Compared to adults, are teens more influenced by what they see in the media? w Which aspects of these shows communicate that they are “entertainment, ” and which aspects communicate that they are an “informative documentary”? Is a reality show like this a combination of both? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w Do both forms of media have equal influence on teens? w If teens are viewing Teen Mom, are they likely to believe that teen pregnancy is increasing, or that it is widespread in the U. S. ? Are these things actually true? w Are viewers more likely than non-viewers to perceive the behaviors in these shows as acceptable or even positive? Give examples HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w Is the “celebrity” status of the cast members (the fact that teens are seeing them everywhere in the media) a factor in this? How might this influence teens’ own behavior? (Some have suggested that watching “Teen Mom” will make girls want to become pregnant in the hopes of getting famous, since some of cast member Jenelle’s friends actually became pregnant after she did. ) Might a “likeable” cast member have more influence on teens than one who is perceived as “behaving badly”? w What effect might Teen Mom, Jersey Shore, and Honey Boo, and Jack Ass have on what teens consider “typical” behavior? w How can we correct misperceptions of what is “typical” [reference “social norms” concept if desired] in order to help prevent certain behaviors? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Objective: w � SWBAT define and apply cultural transmission. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS The Concept of Culture… w Together we are going to write a credo (statement of fundamental beliefs) HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS I believe…. w Ex: all people are created equal HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Imagine: w w w You have been told to evacuate your home for one week List 10 items (other than clothes) you would take with you: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w The credo you have just written and the items you have chosen are a expression of your culture w Each one of these ideas and items is a part of your value system because of the culture in which you line (for example: the belief that all people are created equal is a fundamental tenet of American society. The need to bring a toothbrush when they evacuate is an example of the importance of personal hygiene in our society) w If you had been raised in another culture, both lists might be totally different. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Define Cultural Transmission: w The socialization process whereby the norms and values of the group are internalized by individuals. w In other words…. w Cultural learning, also called cultural transmission, is the way a group of people or animals within a society or culture tend to learn. . . HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Get into groups…. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Read and follow the directions for PART 1 ONLY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS I will now allow each group 5 minutes to do as directed in PART 2 ONLY you are NEVER to use the word NO or YES or any other word for which you have a word or gesture of your own HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS ROUND 1… HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS BARTZ citizens begin negotiations with citizens of LINGOW HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS BARBALY citizens begin discussions with the RAPPLERS HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS ROUND 2… HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS RAPPLERS begin your discussions with the BARTZ citizens HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Citizens of LINGOW to begin discussions with the citizens of BARBALY as directed HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Discuss your experiences…. w Guess the purpose of this lesson…. . w “The following exercise will demonstrate the problem of effective communication between different cultures and will do so in a way that should be lots of fun for everyone” w Can you think of any real life examples where such confusion and poor communication might actually take place… HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Esperanto: w An international language introduced over a century ago for the purpose of giving all peoples a single language in which to communicate. w Esperanto (means “one who hopes” in that language) has a simple, uniform structure and is spoken as a second language by the people of about 90 countries. w Thousands of works in classical and modern literature have been translated into Esperanto, and over 100 magazines and newspapers are published in that language. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Esperanto Video: HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w What advantages, if any might the use of Esperanto have? w What do you think of the idea? w Would you be interested in learning to speak this language? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Welcome 1. Grab a table of contents for unit one and place in the front of your folder 2. Grab your folders and take your seat 3. Be prepared to share some Esperanto HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Share some Esperanto…. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Divide into 4 groups… w Each group will appoint an actor… w You will have 10 minutes to think of as many messages as possible that are communicated nonverbally. w This is NOT a game of charades w The messages you think of should be gestures, and each should have a verbal counterpart (example: a shrug of the shoulders means “I don’t know”) HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w To begin the game, the actor from one of the groups should stand up and demonstrate the gesture while the members of the others groups try to guess what it is. w Next group…. w No single gesture may be repeated by any group w Members of groups should continue thinking of as many gestures as possible so that actors do not run out of examples to demonstrate. w The 1 st group who cant think of new gestures to demonstrate is out…. . keep going until 1 group is left… HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS I NEED 7 VOLUNTEERS… w Read your card… w Wait until I say go…. w Then, all once, demonstrate what is on your card to the class…. w …. Keep going…. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY CLASS…take a few minutes to determine which person w w w is demonstrating which example…. write down what you think… 1 thoughtful/preoccupied 2 bored 3 defensive 4 inferior 5 lonely 6 flirtatious/coy 7 masculine 8 impatient 9 sad/disappointed 10 worried/anxious 11 smug/superior HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Switch papers…. w How many did you guess right? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS These activities demonstrated CULTUREBOUND w Which means that something is only understood within the boundaries of its own culture w Messages are culture-bound and in another culture may have a different meaning or no meaning at all HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Cultural Variation Objectives: w Describe cultural universals and explain why they exist. w Explain what the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean. w Identify factors that account for variations among and within cultures. 68 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Beliefs and Physical Objects w Nonmaterial culture -ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people’s behavior w Why do beliefs matter? w Beliefs-ideas about the nature of reality w What is material culture? w Material culture -the concrete, tangible objects of a culture w How is material culture related to nonmaterial culture? 69 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Ideal and Real Culture w Ideal Culture: cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept w Real Culture: actual behavior of members of a group 70 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Cultural Variation Cultural Universals w Cultural universals – general traits common to all cultures w Exist because some needs are so basic that all societies must develop certain features to ensure their fulfillment 71 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Cultural Universals w Researchers have identified more than 70 traits in all cultures Economy Clothing, Food, Shelter, Communications, Transportation, Business, Jobs, Services, Goods, Technology, Tools, Trade Institutions Economy, Religion, Education, Government, Family Arts Folk Tales, Crafts, Music, Theater, Dance, Literature, Art Language Words, Expressions, Pronunciations, Alphabet, Symbols Environment Communities, Geography, Geology, Habitat, Wildlife, Climates, Resources Beliefs Values, Traditions, Ethnicity, Customs, Religions, Morals Recreation Games, Toys, Arts, Media, Holidays, Festivals 72 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Cultural Variation Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to all others. People in all societies are at times ethnocentric. When ethnocentrism is too extreme, cultural growth may stagnate. – Limiting the number of immigrants into a society can cause this. Extreme ethnocentrism can also lead to conflicts such as wars. 73 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Cultural Variation Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism is the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards. – Researchers attempt to understand cultural practices from the point of view of the people they are studying. w. Participant Observation useful 74 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Cultural Variation Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism helps sociologists in understanding why people in different societies have different cultural norms. – e. g. the Sepoy Rebellion of India in 1857 (gunpowder cartridges were sealed with pig or beef fat, both are religiously offensive to Hindu and Muslims) 75 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 76 Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism the tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture Example HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS STORY TIME…. 77 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Cultural Variation Factors That Account for Variations Among and Within Cultures w Subculture – shared values, norms and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population w Counterculture – rejection of the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replacing them with a new set of cultural values w The older Amish are a good example of a counterculture. They have done everything they can to demonstrate their separation from the world around them. . 78 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS American Subcultures: w Each row is a team w The person all the way to the left of each row take out a blank sheet of paper w I will call out a name of a category of American subcultures (ethnic; religious; political; social class; deviant; or geographical) w The first person will write down an example of that subculture on the paper and will pass the paper to the next person in the row…keep passing the paper and come up with as many examples as you can think of for the subculture as you can think of until I say stop…. w the team with the most examples wins HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Culture Shock- a term used to describe the impact of a totally new environment on a member of a different culture… w Ever lived or traveled abroad? w What were some differences between that culture and your own? w How did people dress? w What did they eat? w What, if anything was difficult to adjust to or understand? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Exchange students…. w Ask about the differences between the 2 cultures… w What do you find interesting about Americans? w What about our culture is difficult to understand? w What is humorous about our culture? w Did they have to make any initial changes in their behavior in order to adjust to our culture? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Homework: w Choose an example of a subculture or counterculture within the US to research your choices. w 1 st identify if the group is an example of a subculture or counterculture…. and why w Include info about norms, values, and cultural traits of that group. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Extra Credit Homework: w Doing business abroad reflects differences among cultures. w Research Doing Business in. . Etiquette and Protocol Guides w Info can be found at the following source : w http: //www. kwintessential. co. uk/etiquette/doingbusiness-in. html w Pick 3 countries and write what you learn about business etiquette in those counties HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Cultural Variation Chapter Wrap-Up 1. List five examples of material culture and five examples of nonmaterial culture. 2. What is language, and why is it such an important part of culture? 3. How do folkways, mores, and laws differ? List three examples of each type of norm. 4. How are subcultures and countercultures related? 84 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Essay Question 1. Explain what ethnocentrism is, how it is different from cultural relativism and why extreme ethnocentrism can cause a culture to stagnate? 85 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Possible upcoming Documentary assignment Babies 86 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w http: //www. flashcardmachine. com/quiz/? topic _id=879706 87 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON