Unit II Work study Meaning Objectives Benefits Techniques

Unit- II ØWork study- Meaning ØObjectives ØBenefits ØTechniques ØTime study- Meaning ØObjectives ØUses of Time study ØTime study procedure ØMotion study- Meaning ØObjectives ØWork measurement ØMaintenance Øtypes

Work study Meaning & Definition Ø Work study is a general term involving a detailed study and analysis of every operations undertaken for increasing the efficiency Ø Work study as the systematic objective and critical examination of all the factors governing the operations and the efficiency of any specified activity in order to effect improvement. Russel M. Currie

Objectives of Work Study v To provide more and improved physical means to motivate workers v Improve the basic process by research and development v Improve the methods of operation v Simplify and improve the product and reduce the variety v Improve organization, product planning and control v Improve manpower efficiency at all levels

Benefits of Work Study � Increased productivity and operational efficiency � Reduced manufacturing cost � Improved work place layout � Better manpower planning and capacity planning � Fair wages to employees � Better working conditions to employees � Improved work flow � Reduced material handling cost � Better industrial relations and employee morale � Basis for sound incentive schemes

Techniques of Work Study § I. Method Study – it involves examining the job to improve the method of production. § II. Work Measurement – it involves determination o human effectiveness formulating sound incentives schemes.

Time Study- Meaning & Definition v Time study is concerned with the determination of the amount of time required to perform a unit of work. It consists of process of observing and recording the time required to perform each element of an operation. So as to determine the reasonable time in which the work should be completed. v It is work measurement technique for recording the times and rates of working for the elements of a specified job carried out under specified conditions and for analyzing the data. So as to obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job at a defined level of performance.

Objectives of Time Study � To furnish a basis of comparison for determining operating effectiveness � To set labor standard for satisfactory performance � To compare alternative methods in method study inorder to select the best method � To determine standard costs � To determine equipment and labor requirement � To determine basic time � To determine the number of machines an operator can handles � To balance the work of operators in production or assembly lines � To provide a basis for setting piece rate or incentive wages.

Motion Study – Meaning & Definition Ø Motion study is formal engineering anlysis of motions perform to accomplish work. The motion or movements of limbs of a worker play a major part in the fabrication or the manufacture of the products. Ø According to Alford and Beatty, “ Motion study consist of dividing work into the most fundamental elements possible; studying these elements separately and in relation to one another and from these studied elements, when timed, building methods of least waste”.

Objectives of Motion study Ø Combine relative activities Ø Increase the efficiency of activities Ø Reduce physical fatigue Ø Eliminate as many unnecessary motions as possible Ø Change the sequence of activities Ø Improve the layout of the work place Ø Improve the materials handling process make the activity more safes Ø Improve the existing product design

Difference between Time study and Motion study � It considers the time taken by an average worker in the performance of job. � It provides the evolution of work measurement device by establishing time standards. � It is for cost control. Time study � It is mainly concerned with the physical efforts i. e. , the movements of the workers. � It provides for the evolution of ideal methods of doing the work. � It is mainly covers photographic procedures Motion study

Work measurement – Meaning & Definition Ø It is a technique by which the actual time consumed in performing and operation is computed and ultimately serves as suitable time standards is the study of work content of a job. So as to lay down a fair days work. Ø According to British Standard Institution, “ the application of techniques designed to establish the time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of performance”.

Objectives of Work Measurement Ø To determine the standard cost and as an aid in preparing budgets Ø To determine schedule and planning work Ø To determine the effectiveness of machine Ø To balance production lines for new models or new products Ø To make cost estimates of new products Ø To determine time standards to be used for providing a basis for wage incentive plans Ø To determine time standards to be used for providing a basis for labor cost control.

Functions of Work Measurement Ø To analyse the operations and to evaluate them in terms of time from the point of view of controlling the activity Ø To control machine and labor utilization after assessing to plant capacity accurately Ø To standardize the working conditions for an efficient operations Ø To standardize the standard of performance, which ultimately form the basis of the wage payment to the direct labor.

Maintenance Management Ø Maintenance management is concerned with the direction and organization of resources in order to control the availability and performance of industrial plant to some specified level.

Objectives of Maintenance Management � Minimizing the loss of productive time because of equipment failure � Minimizing the repair time and repair cost � Minimizing the loss due to production stoppages � Efficient uses of maintenance personnel and equipments � Prolonging the life of capital assets by minimizing the rate of wear and tear � To keep all productive assets in good working conditions � To maximize efficiency and economy in production through optimum use of facilities � To minimize accidents through regular inspection and repair of safety devices

Types of Maintenance Ø Break Down Maintenance Ø Predictive Maintenance Ø Preventive Maintenance