SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Examining Social Life Sociology w What is Sociology? Any ideas? What do you already know? w Sociology is the social science that studies human society and social behavior. w -Sociologists make connections between behavior and society by asking questions and solving problems. 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 2 Create 6 -10 questions you would ask these people to better understand their HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON society.

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Create 6 -10 questions you would ask these people to better understand their society. 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Understanding the significances of studying human behavior activity w Create a list of as many things as you can think of to describe yourself. w Review you list and then cross off everything listed that describes yourself as an individual. (hair color, academic achievements) Leave all the things that describe you in terms of your relationships with others. (positions in your family, groups and friends) w All of those items still listed are indications that we are not simply members of a society but that we also identify ourselves in social terms. 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER 1 The Sociological Point of View Section 1: Examining Social Life Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Examining Social Life Objectives: w Describe what sociology is and explain what it means to have a sociological imagination. w Explain how sociology is similar to and different from other social sciences. 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Ch. 1 section 1 Terms and People (Define and Identify) w Anthropologyw Economicsw Historyw Political Sciencew Psychologyw Sociological Imaginationw Social Interaction- 7 w Sociological Perspectivew Social Phenomenaw Social Psychologyw Social Sciencew Socialismw C. Wright Mills- HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Examining Social Life Comparing Sociology to Other Social Sciences w SIMILAR: examines the relations between society and culture, the individual economics, politics, and past events which are all the focus of one or more of the social sciences w DIFFERENT: sociologists are mainly interested in social interaction and tend to focus on the group rather than the individual 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section: 1 Examining Social Life Question: How can having a sociological perspective help one look beyond commonly held beliefs to the hidden meanings behind human actions? 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section: 1 Examining Social Life 1. The sociological perspective helps you see that all people are social beings. 2. It tells you that your behavior is influenced by social factors and that your learned behavior is influenced from others. • The clothes that you wear. • Voting for the same candidate as your parents. 3. The sociological perspective allows you to see beyond your own day to day life by viewing the world through other’s eyes. 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section: 1 Examining Social Life 1. Using the Sociological perspective is a fresh way of looking at a familiar surrounding. 2. Look at paperweight / snow globe with the snow scene in it. This represents a microcosm (a little world) of society. You are not part of that society, you are separated from it and therefore, are able to see it from all angels with an objective perspective. 3. This is the perspective of sociologist. It has no biases, no prejudices. This is how one should study societies throughout the world. 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Examining Social Life Question: What does it mean to have a Sociological Imagination? w A sociological imagination is the ability to see the connection between the larger world and one’s personal life. w C. Wright Mills describes this as: “the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote to the most intimate features of the human self- and to see the relations between the two. ” 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Examining Social Life Future of the world Teacher SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Future of the world My connection between the larger world and my own personal life. 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Examining Social Life Individual Teacher SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Donating Blood Future of the world My connection between the larger world and my own personal life. 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS What is gained by using our sociological imagination? w Understand effects of events w �Awareness permits to learn and get a fuller understanding of the events w �Questions common interpretations of human social behavior. 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SECTION 1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Examining Social Life Illustration SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION ? ? 16 Create your own Illustration ? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w CLASSWORK: w (Page 7 -8 in your book) w On the thinking map/graphic organizer provided compare the focus of sociology with the focus of the other social sciences. w (make sure somewhere in the organizer you address the following) 1) Define and explain what this area of the Social Sciences deals with. 2) How does this area overlap with sociology? How would a sociologist use this discipline in their work? Create an example. 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Sociology’s Place in the Social Sciences w Anthropology- comparative study of past and present cultures (closest to sociology) w Psychology- focuses on individual behavior (personality, perception, motivation, learning) w History- study of past events, sociologists study past events in order to explain current social behaviors and attitudes 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS w Economics Process by which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. Examines government policy on economic growth and stability. Effects of economic forces are of great interest to sociologists w Political Science Organization and operation of governments Sociologists would be interested in voting patterns, the concentration of political power and the formation of political groups 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Warm-up: SOCIOLOGICAL THINKERS- PICK 2 USE YOUR TEXTBOOK TO LOOK UP EACH THINKERS PERSPECTIVE… Pages 10 -17 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS What were Auguste Comte’s major ideas? w Sociology w �Positivism(the belief that w w w 21 knowledge should be derived from scientific observation �Social statics(the study of social stability and order) �Social dynamics (the study of social change) �Positive Philosophy HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Why did Herbert Spencer oppose social reform? w Self taught w �Jack of trades w �Society�Human body w �Social Darwinism�thought that evolutionary social change led to progress 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Karl Marx w Bourgeoisie(class owning the w w w 23 means for producing wealth) �Capitalist (person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth) �Proletariat(working class; those who labor for the bourgeoisie) �Class conflict ( the ongoing struggle between the bourgeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (working) class) HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Emile Durkheim w Mechanical solidarity (social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs enforced by conformity and dependence on tradition and family) w �Organic solidarity (social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization in roles) 24 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Max Weber w Verstehen(understandin g social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others) w �Rationalization(the mindset emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning) 25 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now Objectives: w Describe how the field of sociology developed. w Explain how the focuses of the three main theoretical perspectives in sociology differ. 26 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Conflict Perspective. Dysfunctional. Functionalist Perspective. Ideal Type. Theory. Interactionist perspective. Latent Function. Manifest Function- Social Darwinism. Symbolic Interaction. Theoretical Perspective. Verstehen- 27 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now The Development of Sociology w The rapid social and political changes that took place in w w w 28 Europe as a result of the Industrial Revolution Rapid growth of urban populations produced a multitude of social problems Over time, it became more difficult to ignore the effect of society on the individual Sweeping political, social, and economic changes caused some scholars to question the traditional explanations of life and attempted to prove their beliefs using a variety of methods HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS The Role of Theoretical Persepctives Perspective is a particular point of view. �We all see what is happening around us through our own perspectives—our own point of view. Perception is the way the brain interprets an image or event. �Have you ever shared a different perception of an event from a friend? 29 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS 30 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS What is unique about sociology? w �Sociology has its own perspective–the sociological perspective (a view that looks at behavior of groups not individuals) 31 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS What is a theoretical perspective? w �a set of assumptions accepted as true 32 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SECTION 2 SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now Question: What are three main theoretical perspectives in sociology and how do the differ in their focus? 33 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Three Main Theoretical Perspectives Differ in Focus Functions Can Be… FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE: w Based on ideas of Comte, Spencer, and w w w 34 Durkheim see society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system; focus on functions and dysfunctions Society held together through concensus If an element doesn’t function smoothly, labeled “dysfunctional” (Crime) w Manifest- intended/recognized consequence of some element of society (car -> provides transportation) w Latent function- unintended and unrecognized consequence of an element of society (car- > social standard/prestige by owning an expensive car HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Three Main Theoretical Perspectives Differ in Focus Examples: CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE: w focus on forces in society that promote competition and change; see social change as an inevitable feature of society w Karl Marx ideas w Interested in violent AND nonviolent competition 35 w Decision making in families w Relationships among racial groups w Disputes between workers and employers w *** Competition over scarce resources is the basis of social conflict HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Three Main Theoretical Perspectives Differ in Focus Examples: INTERACTIONISTS PERSPECTIVE: w focus on how individuals interact in society and on the meanings individuals attach to their own and to other’s actions w Interested in everyday situations w Symbolic interaction- How people use symbols to interact w Topics- Child development, relationships, mate selection w Influenced by Max Weber w Interested in symbols (gestures, physical objects, words, and events) 36 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SECTION 2 THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Sociology: Then and Now Functionalists see society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system; focus on functions and dysfunctions THREE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Conflict Theorists Interactionists focus of forces in society that promote competition and change; see social change as an inevitable feature of society focus on how individuals interact in society and on the meanings individuals attach to their own and others’ actions 37 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Mr. Bean Cannot Stay Awake in church Apply the sociological perspectives 38 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CHAPTER 1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Chapter Wrap-Up 1. What is the main focus of sociology? 2. What does it mean to have a sociological perspective and sociological imagination? 3. Identify the major early sociologists. 4. What are three main theoretical perspectives in sociology, and which of the founders of sociology is connected to which perspective? 39 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

CHAPTER 1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY Short Essay Questions Answer 2 of the following 4 questions. 1) How did Max Weber’s approach (perspective) to sociology differ from that of Comte, Spence, Marx, and Durkheim? 2) Explain how the focus of Sociology is both different and similar to the focus of the other Social Sciences. You must address at least 3 other Social Sciences and be sure to give examples in your response. 3) Identify and describe the 3 main theoretical perspectives in sociology, be sure to include a real world example of each. 4) Explain how developing a Sociological Perspective and a Sociological Imagination can help you in your daily life? Be sure to define both terms in your response. 40 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON