SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER 15

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER 15 Science and the Mass Media Section 1: Science as a Social Institution Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Science as a Social Institution Objectives: w Identify factors that have contributed to the institutionalization of science. w Explain how the norms of scientific research differ from the realities of scientific research. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Science as a Social Institution The Institution of Science w Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in Greece during the 300 s B. C. and was reborn in Europe in the 1300 s as a result of the following factors: w The scientific revolution emerged in the 1500 s w Industrialization led to the emergence of modern science in the late 1800 s and early 1900 s 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: Science as a Social Institution Norms and Realities of Science w NORMS: Universalism, organized skepticism, communalism, disinterestedness w REALITIES: Fraud, competition, Matthew effect, conflicting views of reality 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Objectives: w Trace the major developments in the history of mass media, and identify the types of mass media in the United States. w Explain how the sociological perspectives of mass media differ. w Discuss some contemporary mass-media issues. 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution History of Mass Media w Writing and Paper – a written language was needed to record business and other transactions. Paper was developed some time between 3100 and 2500 B. C. w Printing Press – during the 1450 s Johannes Gutenberg developed moveable type 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution History of Mass Media (continued) w The Industrial Age – with rising standards of education and increasing requirements for factory work and life in the city, more people learned to read and write w The Computer and the Information Society – the digital computer completely transformed the way people store and access information 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Types of Mass Media w Print Media –include newspapers, magazines, and books w Audio Media – sound recordings and radio w Visual Media – movies, television, videocassettes, and DVDs w Online Media – Internet 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Sociological Perspectives of Mass Media w The Functionalist Perspective – focuses on the ways in which mass media help to preserve social stability w The Conflict Perspective – focuses on how mass media serve to maintain the existing social order 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution Contemporary Mass Media Issues w Influence on children w Effect on civic and social life w Power in shaping public opinion 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON