DEALING WITH THE TERRORIST THREAT Al Mozingo Dealing

DEALING WITH THE TERRORIST THREAT Al Mozingo

Dealing with the Terrorist Threat OUTLINE • Introduction to Terrorism • Recognition and Survival • Common Considerations for Response Actions • Terrorism Response Strategies and Tactical Options • Transition of Command

INTRODUCTION TO TERRORISM

What is Terrorism? Defined: “Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government or civilian population in the furtherance of political or social objectives. ”

The Threat Is it a real threat? Can it happen here? Where has it happened?

Past Experience • • • Salmonella - Pacific Northwest Bombing - New York City Bombing - Oklahoma Sarin Attack - Tokyo Twin Towers (NY City) and the Pentagon (Washington, DC) 9 -11 -01

Terrorist Planning THE THREE PHASES OF TERRORIST PLANNING 1. Target Selection and Analysis 2. Intelligence Gathering 3. Plan Development

Terrorist Planning Target Selection and Analysis Accessibility Critical Facility Recovery Ability Impact on Community

Terrorist Planning Intelligence Gathering Target Analysis Resources Needed Group(s) Capabilities Organized Approach

Terrorist Planning Plan Development Materials Needed Manpower Necessary Routes (In and Out of Target Area) Timing of Activities Preparation of the Device Identify Transportation Requirements Contingency Plan

RECOGNITON AND SURVIVAL

Incident Indicators • • • A Group of People Very Sick & Dying Dead Animals & Birds Unusual Smells Things Out of Place Unexplained Liquids Preceded By a Warning or Threat

Types of Incidents NBC N = Nuclear B = Biological C = Chemical

NBC Contamination Inhalation Skin Absorption Ingestion Injection

Nuclear Weapon (Unlikely) Nuclear Materials (Wide Spread and a Real Possibility)

Protecting Yourself Time Distance Shielding

Biological Bacteria Toxins Viruses N

Biological Agents • • • Anthrax Small Pox Ebola Cholera Plague Ricin

Effects of Biological Agents • Delayed Effects • A Whole Array of Signs and Symptoms Associated • Some Maybe Flu Like • May Have Difficulty Breathing

Five Categories of Chemical Agents • • • Nerve Blister Blood Choking Irritating

COMMON CONSIDERATIONS FOR RESPONSE ACTIONS

Basic Elements of Self-Protection Time Work Quickly & Dissipation of Material Distance Stay Back - Rule of Thumb - Table Shielding Cover & Personal Protective Equip. (PPE’s)

Approaching the Scene What is the Wind Direction and Speed? “Stay Upwind When Approaching the Incident”

Initial Hot Zone 300 feet 1, 000 feet for Explosives ERG - Table of Initial Isolation … Distances

TERRORISM RESPONSE STRATEGIES AND TACTICS

Hazard and Risk Assessment HAZARD = A Source of Danger RISK = A Possibility or Chance of a Loss or Injury

Hazard and Risk Assessment Taking a Calculated Risk The Fire Officer must recognize what the risk is and identify the actions to be taken to reduce the risk.

Hazard and Risk Assessment Utilize the Classic RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Risk Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Risk Identification Risk Evaluation Establishing Priorities Risk Control Risk Monitoring

Scene Control Manage the Incident in a Systematic and Organized Way

Initial Scene Control Isolate & Deny Entry Establish Perimeters ZONES Hot - Exclusion Zone Warm - Contamination Reduction Zone Cold - Support Zone

Role of First Responders • • Assess and Inform Establish Control Assist at the Scene Investigation and Recovery

Assess and Inform • • • Potential Problems Wind Direction & Speed Best Entry Route Areas to Avoid Staging Areas

Establish Control • Supervisor Requested • Restrict Traffic • Restrict Pedestrians

Actions to be Initiated • Isolate & Deny Entry • Evacuation of Areas • Call for the MMST (Metropolitan Medical Strike Team) • Call for the SWAT Team • Provide Information to the Media

Investigation of Incident Remember the FBI is the Lead

Crime Scene 1. Leave it Alone: Unless it is Absolutely Necessary for the Performance of your Duties 2. Limit the Number of People

Incident Command System ICS

Incident Command System ICS

Incident Command System ICS • • Standardize Format Common Terminology Flexible (All Types of Incidents) Adaptable to Size (Modular) Divide Into Manageable Units Integrates Other Agencies Easily Necessary to Control an Incident Improves the Management of Resources

The Bottom Line • • • Safety First Scene Assessment Communicate Establish Control Be Part of the Team

SECONDARY DEVICES

Secondary Devices Key Points Ø Management Ø Evacuate Ø Search Ø Media

Management of Secondary Devices • • Manage the Scene There May Be More Than One Device Establish the Command Post (Up Wind) Do Not Transmit on a Radio Near the Scene

Evacuation • Rapid Evacuation Required • Protect the Crime Scene • Establish an Exclusion Zone ( 300 feet or 1, 000 feet) • Establish a Refuge Area for Evacuees • Establish an Incident Command Post (ICP) The ICP Should be at Least 2, 000 ft. Away

Search for Explosives • • Recovery of Evidence is a Priority Video Tape the Scene Do Not Touch Anything Search by Only Explosive Experts

Media • • Do Not Comment About the Device Do Not Allow Filming of the Device Do Not Allow Speculation of the Damage Do Not Give Specifics on Rendering Safe

Review of Response Strategies and Tactics Response Strategies Offensive Defensive No Action Incident Action Plan (IAP) is Developed

Response Strategies and Tactics Tactical Objectives ü Life Safety ü Incident Stabilization ü Property Conservation

Life Safety First Responder Fire, Police, and EMS Civilians Those Dead Those Injured Those Contaminated Those that are Bystanders

Incident Stabilization Incident Command System (ICS) Established Zones Established Police - SWAT Fire Control Hazard Control Haz Mat Team MMST (Metro Medical Strike Team)

Property Conservation Firefighting Hazard Control Security Salvage

SUPERVISOR DUTIES and TRANSITION OF COMMAND

Supervisor Duties Ø Be Part of the Unified Command Ø Ensure Safe Operations for Personnel Ø Input into the Incident Action Plan (IAP)

Be Part of Unified Command The Incident Command Post (ICP) is where the Incident Commander (IC) is located. A Police Department Representative will assist the IC in making critical decisions. Incident Strategy will be developed in a Team Approach.

Decision Making Factors • • Potential Harm Topography Weather Available Resources

Why Unified Command? • • Coordination of Multiple Agencies Incident Crosses Jurisdictional Boundaries Different Roles Need to Be Coordinated Unity of Command is Developed

Advantages of Unified Command • • Only One Incident Commander One Set of Objectives Established Collective Approach Strategies Developed Together More Effective Operation A Safer Response for Everyone A Responsible Coordinated Approach

Safe Operations • • Safety of Personnel Priority Control the Scene Limit Personnel Work Quickly Establish Perimeters (Zones) Coordinate Operations Be Part of the Team (Unified Command)

Use the Checklist • • Initial Considerations Perimeter Control Tactical Considerations Transition of Command

Transition of Command Situation • • Identify the Type of Situation Identify any Haz Mats Present Actions Underway Resources Available, Enroute, and/or Needed Security Concerns Agencies Involved and Need to be Notified Zones Established (Terminology) Location of Staging Area

Transition of Command Strategy & Tactics v. Hazard/Risk Assessment v. Strategy Implement v. Tactical Actions Taken v. Problems Encountered v. Isolation of Incident? v. Primary Focus - Rescue/Life Hazard v. RIC Team in Place? v. Safety Officer Implemented?

Transition of Command Logistics § § § § § Documentation Started Equipment at the Scene Personnel at Scene Accountability Implemented Rehab Established Any Special Codes Being Used? Medical Established Emergency Egress Plan (Signal) Alternate Plans

Transition of Command Communication and Subordinate Command Ø Incident Command Positions Filled Ø Unified Command Established Ø Radio Frequencies Being Used Ø Cell Phone, Telephone, and Pager Numbers

The End