A nations plans for dealing with other countries

A nation’s plans for dealing with other countries.

• The Framers believed it was best to give most foreign policy powers to the single executive rather than Congress. • The President has the power to command the military, meet with foreign leaders and make treaties.

• Congress has the power to approve treaties, make rules for and fund the armed forces. • Members of Congress do meet with foreign leaders, but not as the official representatives of the United States.

Carries out the president’s foreign policy. GOALS OF THE STATE DEPARTMENT • Protect national security. • Provide international leadership in fostering world peace. • Insure balance of power between strong and weak nations. • Cooperate with other nations to help solve international problems. • Promote human rights and democratic values. • Foster cooperative trade among nations.

The Department of State carries out the president’s foreign policy. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton U. S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Qureshi, Pakistan's Minister of Foreign Affairs.

• Directs the nation’s military. • President is commander-in-chief. • Secretary of Defense is always a civilian; appointed by civilian President and confirmed by Senate. • Secretary of Defense supervises the military. He is not a battlefield commander, however. • Do. D is headquartered in the Pentagon. • Joint Chiefs of Staff are chiefs of staff from the three services, the commandant of the Marines, and a chair.

• Gathers, analyzes, and transmits information from other countries that might be important to U. S. security. • CIA director is appointment by the President and confirmed by the Senate. MISSION STATEMENT We are the nation’s first line of defense. We accomplish what others cannot accomplish and go where others cannot go. We carry out our mission by: • Collecting information that reveals the plans, intentions and capabilities of our adversaries and provides the basis for decision and action. • Producing timely analysis that provides insight, warning and opportunity to the President and decisionmakers charged with protecting and advancing America’s interests. • Conducting covert action at the direction of the President to preempt threats or achieve US policy objectives.

• Helps President deal with foreign, military and economic policies that affect national security. • Part of Executive Office of the President, under direct authority of the chief. • Members: President, V. P. , Secretaries of State, Defense and Treasury and anyone else the President chooses. • Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff advises the Council.

Washington’s Vision: Don’t get mixed up in the business of other nations. Washington’s Farewell Address, 1796 “Observe good faith and justice towards all nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all… In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more essential than that permanent, inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings towards all should be cultivated. ”

World War II A watershed event in U. S. foreign policy. Since WWII, the U. S. has been a leader among nations of the world.

American foreign policy of the 21 st Century is based on these fundamental beliefs: • America’s freedom is best protected by ensuring that people in other countries are free. • America’s prosperity depends on the prosperity of other countries. • America’s security relies on a global effort to secure the rights of all the people of the world.

Worldview: A vision of how the United States should respond to world problems. ISOLATIONISM • The opinion that the United States should isolate itself from world affairs. • This worldview after thousands of Americans died in World War I, a war that accomplished little and did not make the world “safe for democracy. ” • Throughout the 1920 s and 1930 s, the U. S. tried to stay out of European conflicts.

ISOLATIONISM The attack on Pearl Harbor ended our policy of isolationism forever.

CONTAINMENT • The U. S. should resist the expansion of aggressive nations (esp. the Soviet Union). • After World War II (1940 s – 1960 s), the U. S. and Britain worked to build a network of defensive alliances with European and Asian nations to contain our enemies.

DISENGAGEMENT • “Don’t get involved. ” • The belief that the U. S. was harmed by its war in Vietnam and so should avoid similar events. • Critics of Vietnam concluded that containment was the wrong worldview. For many years, military action has been debated with this question: Will this be another Vietnam?

CONTAINMENT VS. DISENGAGEMENT • Political leaders with these two worldviews competed for influence from the 1970 s through the 1990 s. • Carter – disengagement • Reagan – containment • George H. W. Bush – containment • Clinton – disengagement until the Balkan war, then a new worldview emerged. . .

HUMAN RIGHTS • The U. S. should try to improve the lives of people in other countries. • In the Balkans (Bosnia & Kosovo) it appeared that Serbian attacks resembled genocide. • U. S. policy shifted to a “never again” mindset to prevent another Holocaust.

WHAT’S NEXT? Many feel that a new “worldview” must emerge in order for us to defeat the current threats facing the U. S. Isolationist, containment, disengagement and human rights strategies will not work to defeat terrorism that is motivated by religious extremism and is unconnected to national governments

George W. Bush: Preemptive War Doctrine (preemtion) The U. S. doesn’t need to wait to be attacked by a hostile nation. We can take military action against direct, serious threats AND less immediate threats.

George W. Bush: Preemptive War Doctrine (preemtion) The Preemptive War Doctrine was used to justify the 2002 invasion of Iraq by U. S. forces.

George W. Bush: Preemptive War Doctrine (preemtion) The Preemptive War Doctrine will be used to justify the U. S. incursion into Pakistan’s sovereign territory to kill a foreigner.

1. A nation's overall plans for dealing with other nations is called: a) war policy. b) foreign policy. c) ambassadorial policy.

1. A nation's overall plans for dealing with other nations is called: a) war policy. b) foreign policy. c) ambassadorial policy.

2. Which of the following constitutional powers helps the president conduct foreign policy? a) Power to appoint federal judges. b) Power to make treaties. c) Power to pardon criminals.

2. Which of the following constitutional powers helps the president conduct foreign policy? a) Power to appoint federal judges. b) Power to make treaties. c) Power to pardon criminals.

3. An official representative of a nation's government is called: a) a secretary. b) a president. c) an ambassador.

3. An official representative of a nation's government is called: a) a secretary. b) a president. c) an ambassador.

4. The ability to keep a nation safe from attack or harm is called: a) foreign security. b) terrorism safety. c) national security.

4. The ability to keep a nation safe from attack or harm is called: a) foreign security. b) terrorism safety. c) national security.

5. Why does the president try to improve our economic relationship with other countries? a) The United States does not have enough resources to meet the needs of the people. b) The United States needs to export more products than it imports. c) Trade with other nations can help the American economy.

5. Why does the president try to improve our economic relationship with other countries? a) The United States does not have enough resources to meet the needs of the people. b) The United States needs to export more products than it imports. c) Trade with other nations can help the American economy.

6. Why do presidents work hard to promote peace and democracy in other nations? a) The United States is less likely to be drawn into a war when the world is at peace. b) Most presidents want to help other countries as much as they help the United States. c) We want other countries to pay us back.

6. Why do presidents work hard to promote peace and democracy in other nations? a) The United States is less likely to be drawn into a war when the world is at peace. b) Most presidents want to help other countries as much as they help the United States. c) We want other countries to pay us back.

7. All of the following departments and agencies help the president conduct his foreign policy EXCEPT: a) the National Security Council. b) the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). c) the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. d) The Department of State.

7. All of the following departments and agencies help the president conduct his foreign policy EXCEPT: a) the National Security Council. b) the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). c) the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. d) The Department of State.

8. President Bush increased the power of the president in conducting foreign policy by: a) changing the Constitution to make the president more powerful. b) forcing Congress to support the War in Iraq. c) starting the war on global terrorism.

8. President Bush increased the power of the president in conducting foreign policy by: a) changing the Constitution to make the president more powerful. b) forcing Congress to support the War in Iraq. c) starting the war on global terrorism.

9. Which of the following constitutional powers helps the president conduct foreign policy? a) Power to appoint federal judges. b) Power to make treaties. c) Power to pardon criminals.

9. Which of the following constitutional powers helps the president conduct foreign policy? a) Power to appoint federal judges. b) Power to make treaties. c) Power to pardon criminals.

9. Who is the current U. S. Secretary of State? a. Joe Biden b. Hillary Clinton c. Condolezza Rice

10. Who is the current U. S. Secretary of State? a. Joe Biden b. Hillary Clinton c. Condolezza Rice

9. Which of the following is NOT currently a major foreign policy issue? a. Discouraging European nations from meddling in the affairs of Central and South American nations. b. Preventing Iran and North Korea from developing nuclear weapons. c. Maintaining the support of other nations in the effort to protect the U. S. from terrorists.

9. Which of the following is NOT currently a major foreign policy issue? a. Discouraging European nations from meddling in the affairs of Central and South American nations. b. Preventing Iran and North Korea from developing nuclear weapons. c. Maintaining the support of other nations in the effort to protect the U. S. from terrorists.

9. The first defined foreign policy of the United States, which stated that European nations should not meddle in the affairs of the Americas, was called: a. the Washington Corollary. b. the Monroe Doctrine. c. the Pre-emptive War Doctrine.

9. The first defined foreign policy of the United States, which stated that European nations should not meddle in the affairs of the Americas, was called: a. the Washington Corollary. b. the Monroe Doctrine. c. the Pre-emptive War Doctrine.

9. Isolationism is the belief that: a. the United States should not be active in the affairs of other nations. b. the United States should be involved in world affairs. c. the United States has a duty to act as the “world’s policeman. ”

9. Isolationism is the belief that: a. the United States should not be active in the affairs of other nations. b. the United States should be involved in world affairs. c. the United States has a duty to act as the “world’s policeman. ”

9. The foreign policy of containment meant that the U. S. attempted to “contain: ” a. European nations on their side of the Atlantic. b. the spread of communism worldwide. c. the spread of Muslim extremism.

9. The foreign policy of containment meant that the U. S. attempted to “contain: ” a. European nations on their side of the Atlantic. b. the spread of communism worldwide. c. the spread of Muslim extremism.

9. The foreign policy of containment is associated with which of the following wars and president? a. Civil War; Lincoln b. Spanish-American War; Theodore Roosevelt c. Cold War; Truman

9. The foreign policy of containment is associated with which of the following wars and president? a. Civil War; Lincoln b. Spanish-American War; Theodore Roosevelt c. Cold War; Truman

9. The Pre-emptive War Doctrine developed during the presidency of George W. Bush states that: a. the U. S. will only go to war to protect itself or its allies. b. the U. S. will only attack a nation if we are attacked first. c. the U. S. will not wait to be attacked, but will strike first against nations or groups who represent a danger to its security.

9. The Pre-emptive War Doctrine developed during the presidency of George W. Bush states that: a. the U. S. will only go to war to protect itself or its allies. b. the U. S. will only attack a nation if we are attacked first. c. the U. S. will not wait to be attacked, but will strike first against nations or groups who represent a danger to its security.