GAS LAWS Kinetic Molecular Theory Particles in an
![GAS LAWS GAS LAWS](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-1.jpg)
![Kinetic Molecular Theory • Particles in an ideal gas… – have no volume. – Kinetic Molecular Theory • Particles in an ideal gas… – have no volume. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-2.jpg)
![Real Gases • Particles in a REAL gas… – have their own volume – Real Gases • Particles in a REAL gas… – have their own volume –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-3.jpg)
![Characteristics of Gases • Gases expand to fill any container. – Take the shape Characteristics of Gases • Gases expand to fill any container. – Take the shape](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-4.jpg)
![Characteristics of Gases • Gases can be compressed. – lots of empty space between Characteristics of Gases • Gases can be compressed. – lots of empty space between](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-5.jpg)
![Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure? Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-6.jpg)
![Pressure how much a gas is pushing on a container. • Atmospheric pressure atmospheric Pressure how much a gas is pushing on a container. • Atmospheric pressure atmospheric](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-7.jpg)
![Pressure • Barometer – measures atmospheric pressure Aneroid Barometer Mercury Barometer Pressure • Barometer – measures atmospheric pressure Aneroid Barometer Mercury Barometer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-8.jpg)
![Pressure • Manometer – measures contained gas pressure U-tube Manometer C. Johannesson Bourdon-tube gauge Pressure • Manometer – measures contained gas pressure U-tube Manometer C. Johannesson Bourdon-tube gauge](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-9.jpg)
![Temperature= how fast the molecules are moving • Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when Temperature= how fast the molecules are moving • Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-10.jpg)
![STP Standard Temperature & Pressure 0°C 1 atm -OR- 273 K -OR- 101. 3 STP Standard Temperature & Pressure 0°C 1 atm -OR- 273 K -OR- 101. 3](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-11.jpg)
![Volume = how much space a gas occupies Units – L, m. L, cm Volume = how much space a gas occupies Units – L, m. L, cm](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-12.jpg)
![BASIC GAS LAWS BASIC GAS LAWS](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-13.jpg)
![Charles’ Law • T V (temperature is directly proportional to volume) • T ↑ Charles’ Law • T V (temperature is directly proportional to volume) • T ↑](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-14.jpg)
![Charles’ Law V 1 V 2 = T 1 T 2 (Pressure is held Charles’ Law V 1 V 2 = T 1 T 2 (Pressure is held](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-15.jpg)
![Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254 Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-16.jpg)
![Charles’ Law The egg out of the bottle Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem Charles’ Law The egg out of the bottle Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-17.jpg)
![Charles’ Law Problem • Mrs. Rodriguez inflates a balloon for a party. She is Charles’ Law Problem • Mrs. Rodriguez inflates a balloon for a party. She is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-18.jpg)
![Charles’ Law Learning Check • A 25 L balloon is released into the air Charles’ Law Learning Check • A 25 L balloon is released into the air](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-19.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law • P↓ V ↑ & P↑ V ↓ • P 1/V (pressure Boyle’s Law • P↓ V ↑ & P↑ V ↓ • P 1/V (pressure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-20.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 (Temperature is held Boyle’s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 (Temperature is held](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-21.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law Marshmallows in a vacuum Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254 Boyle’s Law Marshmallows in a vacuum Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-22.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law Mechanics of Breathing Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254 Boyle’s Law Mechanics of Breathing Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-23.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law Problem A balloon is filled with 30. L of helium gas at Boyle’s Law Problem A balloon is filled with 30. L of helium gas at](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-24.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law Learning Check A gas occupies 100. m. L at 150. k. Pa. Boyle’s Law Learning Check A gas occupies 100. m. L at 150. k. Pa.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-25.jpg)
![AVOGADRO’S LAW • V n (direct) • V 1 = V 2 n 1 AVOGADRO’S LAW • V n (direct) • V 1 = V 2 n 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-26.jpg)
![Avogadro’s Law Problem A 3. 0 liter sample of gas contains 7. 0 moles. Avogadro’s Law Problem A 3. 0 liter sample of gas contains 7. 0 moles.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-27.jpg)
![Gay-Lussac’s Law • P 1 = P 2 T 1 T 2 – V Gay-Lussac’s Law • P 1 = P 2 T 1 T 2 – V](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-28.jpg)
![Gay-Lussac Law • Collapsing Barrel Gay-Lussac Law • Collapsing Barrel](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-29.jpg)
![Gay-Lussac Law • Tank car implosion Gay-Lussac Law • Tank car implosion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-30.jpg)
![COMBINED IDEAL GAS LAW • P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 COMBINED IDEAL GAS LAW • P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-31.jpg)
![Combined Gas Law Problem Ms. Evans travels to work in a hot air balloon Combined Gas Law Problem Ms. Evans travels to work in a hot air balloon](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-32.jpg)
![Combined Gas Law Learning Check Nitrogen gas is in a 7. 51 L container Combined Gas Law Learning Check Nitrogen gas is in a 7. 51 L container](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-33.jpg)
![Ideal Gas Law (“Pivnert”) PV=n. RT R = The Ideal Gas Constant R = Ideal Gas Law (“Pivnert”) PV=n. RT R = The Ideal Gas Constant R =](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-34.jpg)
![Ideal Gas Law Problem A rigid steel cylinder with a volume of 20. 0 Ideal Gas Law Problem A rigid steel cylinder with a volume of 20. 0](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-35.jpg)
![Ideal Gas Law Learning Check • A balloon contains 2. 00 mol of nitrogen Ideal Gas Law Learning Check • A balloon contains 2. 00 mol of nitrogen](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-36.jpg)
![Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure • The total pressure of a mixture of gases Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure • The total pressure of a mixture of gases](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-37.jpg)
![Welcome to Mole Island Welcome to Mole Island](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-38.jpg)
![Welcome to Mole Island Welcome to Mole Island](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-39.jpg)
![Welcome to Mole Island Welcome to Mole Island](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-40.jpg)
![Gas Stoichiometry Moles Liters of a Gas: – 2 C 4 H 10 (g) Gas Stoichiometry Moles Liters of a Gas: – 2 C 4 H 10 (g)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-41.jpg)
![Gas Stoichiometry Problem In the following combustion reaction, what volume of methane (CH 4) Gas Stoichiometry Problem In the following combustion reaction, what volume of methane (CH 4)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-42.jpg)
![Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law PV=n. RT – Looking for grams or moles Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law PV=n. RT – Looking for grams or moles](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-43.jpg)
![Example 1 How many grams of Al 2 O 3 are formed from 15. Example 1 How many grams of Al 2 O 3 are formed from 15.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-44.jpg)
![Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law • Looking for volume of gas? PV=n. RT Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law • Looking for volume of gas? PV=n. RT](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-45.jpg)
![Example 2 What volume of CO 2 forms from 5. 25 g of Ca. Example 2 What volume of CO 2 forms from 5. 25 g of Ca.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-46.jpg)
- Slides: 46
![GAS LAWS GAS LAWS](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-1.jpg)
GAS LAWS
![Kinetic Molecular Theory Particles in an ideal gas have no volume Kinetic Molecular Theory • Particles in an ideal gas… – have no volume. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-2.jpg)
Kinetic Molecular Theory • Particles in an ideal gas… – have no volume. – have elastic collisions. – are in constant, random, straight line motion. – don’t attract or repel each other. – have an average KE directly related to Kelvin temperature.
![Real Gases Particles in a REAL gas have their own volume Real Gases • Particles in a REAL gas… – have their own volume –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-3.jpg)
Real Gases • Particles in a REAL gas… – have their own volume – attract and repel each other • Gas behavior is most ideal… – at low pressures – at high temperatures ***Most real gases act like ideal gases except under high pressure and low temperature.
![Characteristics of Gases Gases expand to fill any container Take the shape Characteristics of Gases • Gases expand to fill any container. – Take the shape](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-4.jpg)
Characteristics of Gases • Gases expand to fill any container. – Take the shape and volume of their container. • Gases are fluids (like liquids). – Little to no attraction between the particles • Gases have very low densities. = lots of empty space between the particles
![Characteristics of Gases Gases can be compressed lots of empty space between Characteristics of Gases • Gases can be compressed. – lots of empty space between](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-5.jpg)
Characteristics of Gases • Gases can be compressed. – lots of empty space between the particles – Indefinite density • Gases undergo diffusion. – random motion – scatter in all directions
![Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-6.jpg)
Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure?
![Pressure how much a gas is pushing on a container Atmospheric pressure atmospheric Pressure how much a gas is pushing on a container. • Atmospheric pressure atmospheric](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-7.jpg)
Pressure how much a gas is pushing on a container. • Atmospheric pressure atmospheric gases push on everything on Earth • UNITS AT SEA LEVEL 1 atm =101. 3 k. Pa (kilopascal)= 760 mm. Hg =760 torr
![Pressure Barometer measures atmospheric pressure Aneroid Barometer Mercury Barometer Pressure • Barometer – measures atmospheric pressure Aneroid Barometer Mercury Barometer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-8.jpg)
Pressure • Barometer – measures atmospheric pressure Aneroid Barometer Mercury Barometer
![Pressure Manometer measures contained gas pressure Utube Manometer C Johannesson Bourdontube gauge Pressure • Manometer – measures contained gas pressure U-tube Manometer C. Johannesson Bourdon-tube gauge](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-9.jpg)
Pressure • Manometer – measures contained gas pressure U-tube Manometer C. Johannesson Bourdon-tube gauge
![Temperature how fast the molecules are moving Always use absolute temperature Kelvin when Temperature= how fast the molecules are moving • Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-10.jpg)
Temperature= how fast the molecules are moving • Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when working with gases. ºF -459 ºC -273 K 0 32 212 0 100 273 373 K = ºC + 273 C. Johannesson
![STP Standard Temperature Pressure 0C 1 atm OR 273 K OR 101 3 STP Standard Temperature & Pressure 0°C 1 atm -OR- 273 K -OR- 101. 3](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-11.jpg)
STP Standard Temperature & Pressure 0°C 1 atm -OR- 273 K -OR- 101. 3 k. Pa 760 mm Hg
![Volume how much space a gas occupies Units L m L cm Volume = how much space a gas occupies Units – L, m. L, cm](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-12.jpg)
Volume = how much space a gas occupies Units – L, m. L, cm 3 • 1000 m. L = 1 L • 1 m. L = 1 cm 3
![BASIC GAS LAWS BASIC GAS LAWS](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-13.jpg)
BASIC GAS LAWS
![Charles Law T V temperature is directly proportional to volume T Charles’ Law • T V (temperature is directly proportional to volume) • T ↑](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-14.jpg)
Charles’ Law • T V (temperature is directly proportional to volume) • T ↑ V↑ & T↓ V↓ • V 1 = V 2 T 1 T 2 T is always in K – K = °C + 273 – P and n = constant V T
![Charles Law V 1 V 2 T 1 T 2 Pressure is held Charles’ Law V 1 V 2 = T 1 T 2 (Pressure is held](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-15.jpg)
Charles’ Law V 1 V 2 = T 1 T 2 (Pressure is held constant) Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 259
![Timberlake Chemistry 7 th Edition page 254 Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-16.jpg)
Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254
![Charles Law The egg out of the bottle Courtesy Christy Johannesson www nisd netcommunicationsartspageschem Charles’ Law The egg out of the bottle Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-17.jpg)
Charles’ Law The egg out of the bottle Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Charles Law Problem Mrs Rodriguez inflates a balloon for a party She is Charles’ Law Problem • Mrs. Rodriguez inflates a balloon for a party. She is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-18.jpg)
Charles’ Law Problem • Mrs. Rodriguez inflates a balloon for a party. She is in an airconditioned room at 27. 0 o. C, and the balloon has a volume of 4. 0 L. Because she is a curious and intrepid chemistry teacher, she heats the balloon to a temperature of 57. 0 o. C. What is the new volume of the balloon if the pressure remains constant? Given Unkown T 1 = 27. 0 o. C +273= 300 K V = ? L 2 V 1 = 4. 0 L T 2 = 57. 0 o. C +273= 330 K Substitute and Solve 4. 0 L = V 2 = 300 K 330 K 4. 4 L Equation P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 V 1 T 2
![Charles Law Learning Check A 25 L balloon is released into the air Charles’ Law Learning Check • A 25 L balloon is released into the air](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-19.jpg)
Charles’ Law Learning Check • A 25 L balloon is released into the air on a warm afternoon (42º C). The next morning the balloon is recovered on the ground. It is a very cold morning and the balloon has shrunk to 22 L. What is the temperature in º C? Given Unkown V 1 = 25 L T 2 = ? ºC T 1 = 42 o. C +273= 315 K V 2 = 22 L Equation P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 V 1 T 2 Substitute and Solve 25 L = 22 L = 315 K T 2 277. 2 K -273 = 4. 2 ºC
![Boyles Law P V P V P 1V pressure Boyle’s Law • P↓ V ↑ & P↑ V ↓ • P 1/V (pressure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-20.jpg)
Boyle’s Law • P↓ V ↑ & P↑ V ↓ • P 1/V (pressure is inversely proportional to volume) • P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 – T and n = constant P V
![Boyles Law P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2 Temperature is held Boyle’s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 (Temperature is held](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-21.jpg)
Boyle’s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 (Temperature is held constant)
![Boyles Law Marshmallows in a vacuum Timberlake Chemistry 7 th Edition page 254 Boyle’s Law Marshmallows in a vacuum Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-22.jpg)
Boyle’s Law Marshmallows in a vacuum Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254
![Boyles Law Mechanics of Breathing Timberlake Chemistry 7 th Edition page 254 Boyle’s Law Mechanics of Breathing Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-23.jpg)
Boyle’s Law Mechanics of Breathing Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 254
![Boyles Law Problem A balloon is filled with 30 L of helium gas at Boyle’s Law Problem A balloon is filled with 30. L of helium gas at](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-24.jpg)
Boyle’s Law Problem A balloon is filled with 30. L of helium gas at 1. 00 atm. What is the volume when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is only 0. 25 atm? Given V 1 = 30 L P 1 = 1 atm P 2 =. 25 atm Unkown V 2 = ? L • Substitute and Solve V 2 0. 25 atm = 30 L x 1. 0 atm = 120 L Equation P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 T 2
![Boyles Law Learning Check A gas occupies 100 m L at 150 k Pa Boyle’s Law Learning Check A gas occupies 100. m. L at 150. k. Pa.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-25.jpg)
Boyle’s Law Learning Check A gas occupies 100. m. L at 150. k. Pa. Find its volume at 200. k. Pa. Given V 1 = 100. m. L = 0. 100 L P 1 = 150. k. Pa P 2 = 200. k. Pa Unkown V 2 = ? L Equation P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 T 2 • Substitute and Solve V 2 x 200. k. Pa = 0. 100 L x 150. k. Pa= 75. 0 m. L 0. 0750 L
![AVOGADROS LAW V n direct V 1 V 2 n 1 AVOGADRO’S LAW • V n (direct) • V 1 = V 2 n 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-26.jpg)
AVOGADRO’S LAW • V n (direct) • V 1 = V 2 n 1 n 2 – T & P Constant V n
![Avogadros Law Problem A 3 0 liter sample of gas contains 7 0 moles Avogadro’s Law Problem A 3. 0 liter sample of gas contains 7. 0 moles.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-27.jpg)
Avogadro’s Law Problem A 3. 0 liter sample of gas contains 7. 0 moles. How much gas will there be, in order for the sample to be 2. 3 liters? P & T do not change Given V 1 = 3. 0 L n 1 = 7. 0 mol V 2 = 2. 3 L Unkown n 2 = ? mol • Substitute and Solve 3. 0 L = 2. 3 L = 7. 0 mol n 2 mol 5. 4 mol Equation P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 n 1 T 1 n 2 T 2
![GayLussacs Law P 1 P 2 T 1 T 2 V Gay-Lussac’s Law • P 1 = P 2 T 1 T 2 – V](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-28.jpg)
Gay-Lussac’s Law • P 1 = P 2 T 1 T 2 – V & n constant • Direct relationship • P T
![GayLussac Law Collapsing Barrel Gay-Lussac Law • Collapsing Barrel](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-29.jpg)
Gay-Lussac Law • Collapsing Barrel
![GayLussac Law Tank car implosion Gay-Lussac Law • Tank car implosion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-30.jpg)
Gay-Lussac Law • Tank car implosion
![COMBINED IDEAL GAS LAW P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2 COMBINED IDEAL GAS LAW • P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-31.jpg)
COMBINED IDEAL GAS LAW • P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 n 1 T 1 n 2 T 2 • If P, V, n, or T are constant then they cancel out of the equation. • n usually constant (unless you add or remove gas), so • P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 T 2
![Combined Gas Law Problem Ms Evans travels to work in a hot air balloon Combined Gas Law Problem Ms. Evans travels to work in a hot air balloon](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-32.jpg)
Combined Gas Law Problem Ms. Evans travels to work in a hot air balloon from the Rocky Mountains. At her launch site, the temperature is 5. 00 °C, the atmospheric pressure is 0. 801 atm, and the volume of the air in the balloon is 120. 0 L. When she lands in Plano, the temperature is 28. 0 °C and the atmospheric pressure is 101. 3 k. Pa. What is the new volume of the air in the balloon? Given T 1 = 5. 0 o. C +273= 278 K P 1 = 0. 801 atm V 1 = 120. 0 L T 2 = 28. 0 o. C +273= 301 K P 2 = 101. 3 k. Pa = 1 atm Unkown V 2 = ? L Equation V 1 x P 1 = V 2 x P 2 T 1 T 2 Substitute and Solve V 2 x 1 atm = 120. 0 L x 0. 801 atm = 104 L 301 K 278 K
![Combined Gas Law Learning Check Nitrogen gas is in a 7 51 L container Combined Gas Law Learning Check Nitrogen gas is in a 7. 51 L container](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-33.jpg)
Combined Gas Law Learning Check Nitrogen gas is in a 7. 51 L container at 5. C and 0. 58 atm. What is the new volume of the gas at STP? Given T 1 = 5. 0 o. C +273= 278 K P 1 = 0. 58 atm V 1 = 7. 51 L T 2 = 273 K P 2 = 1 atm Unkown V 2 = ? L Equation V 1 x P 1 = V 2 x P 2 T 1 T 2 Substitute and Solve V 2 x 1. 0 atm = 7. 51 L x 0. 58 atm = 4. 3 L 273 K 278 K
![Ideal Gas Law Pivnert PVn RT R The Ideal Gas Constant R Ideal Gas Law (“Pivnert”) PV=n. RT R = The Ideal Gas Constant R =](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-34.jpg)
Ideal Gas Law (“Pivnert”) PV=n. RT R = The Ideal Gas Constant R = 0. 0821 (L*atm) (mol*K) R = 8. 31 (L*k. Pa) (mol*K) • • • R = 62. 4 (L*mm Hg) (mol*K) V has to be in Liters, n in Moles, T in Kelvin, P can be in atm, k. Pa or mm. Hg * Choose which R to used based on the units of your pressure. P V (atm) (L) (k. Pa) (L) mm Hg (L) = n = (moles) R T (L*atm/mol*K) (L*k. Pa/mol*K) (L*mm. Hg/mol*K) (K)
![Ideal Gas Law Problem A rigid steel cylinder with a volume of 20 0 Ideal Gas Law Problem A rigid steel cylinder with a volume of 20. 0](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-35.jpg)
Ideal Gas Law Problem A rigid steel cylinder with a volume of 20. 0 L is filled with nitrogen gas to a final pressure of 200. 0 atm at 27. 0 o. C. How many moles of gas does the cylinder hold? Given Unkown V = 20. 0 L moles of P = 200. 0 atm nitrogen? T =27. 0 o. C +273= 300 K Equation PV=n. RT R=. 0821 atm L/K Mole Substitute and Solve n 0821 atm L/K Mole x 300 K = 200. 0 atm x 20. 0 L= 162 moles
![Ideal Gas Law Learning Check A balloon contains 2 00 mol of nitrogen Ideal Gas Law Learning Check • A balloon contains 2. 00 mol of nitrogen](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-36.jpg)
Ideal Gas Law Learning Check • A balloon contains 2. 00 mol of nitrogen at a pressure of 0. 980 atm and a temperature of 37 C. What is the volume of the balloon? Given Unkown n = 2. 00 mol V in L? P = 0. 980 atm T =37. 0 o. C +273= 310 K Equation PV=n. RT R=. 0821 atm L/K Mole Substitute and Solve 0. 980 atm x V= 2. 00 mol x. 0821 atm L/K Mole x 310 K = 51. 9 L
![Daltons Law of Partial Pressure The total pressure of a mixture of gases Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure • The total pressure of a mixture of gases](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-37.jpg)
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure • The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. • Ptotal = Pgas 1 + Pgas 2 + P gas 3 + … A metal container holds a mixture of 2. 00 atm of nitrogen, 1. 50 atm of oxygen and 3. 00 atm of helium. What is the total pressure in the canister? 6. 5 atm
![Welcome to Mole Island Welcome to Mole Island](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-38.jpg)
Welcome to Mole Island
![Welcome to Mole Island Welcome to Mole Island](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-39.jpg)
Welcome to Mole Island
![Welcome to Mole Island Welcome to Mole Island](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-40.jpg)
Welcome to Mole Island
![Gas Stoichiometry Moles Liters of a Gas 2 C 4 H 10 g Gas Stoichiometry Moles Liters of a Gas: – 2 C 4 H 10 (g)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-41.jpg)
Gas Stoichiometry Moles Liters of a Gas: – 2 C 4 H 10 (g) + 13 O 2(g) 8 CO 2(g) + 10 H 2 O(g) 2 mol + 13 mol 8 mol + 10 mol 2 L + 13 L 8 L + 10 L Recall: The coefficients in a chemical reaction represent molar amounts of substances taking part in the reaction. Avogadro’s principle states that one mole of any gas occupies 22. 4 L at STP. Thus when gases are involved, the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent not only molar amounts but also relatives volumes Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Gas Stoichiometry Problem In the following combustion reaction what volume of methane CH 4 Gas Stoichiometry Problem In the following combustion reaction, what volume of methane (CH 4)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-42.jpg)
Gas Stoichiometry Problem In the following combustion reaction, what volume of methane (CH 4) is needed to produce 26 L of water vapor? x L – CH 4 (g) + 2 O 2(g) 1 mol 1 L 26 L CO 2(g) + 2 H 2 O(g) 2 mol 2 L x L = 26 L x= 13 L 1 L 2 L
![Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law PVn RT Looking for grams or moles Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law PV=n. RT – Looking for grams or moles](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-43.jpg)
Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law PV=n. RT – Looking for grams or moles of gas? • Step 1: start with ideal gas law to find moles of gas • Step 2: 1 change to grams of gas Grams/mol? 1) Use Ideal Gas Law 2) Do stoichiometry calculations Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Example 1 How many grams of Al 2 O 3 are formed from 15 Example 1 How many grams of Al 2 O 3 are formed from 15.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-44.jpg)
Example 1 How many grams of Al 2 O 3 are formed from 15. 0 L of O 2 at 97. 3 k. Pa & 21°C? PV=n. RT 4 Al(s) + 3 O 2(g) 2 Al 2 O 3(s) Given Unkown V O 2 = 15. 0 L O 2 grams of Al 2 O 3? R=. 0821 atm L/K Mole P O 2 = 97. 3 k. Pa= 0. 9605 atm Given liters: Start with T O 2 =21 o. C +273= 294 K Step 1: Calculate moles of O 2 Ideal Gas Law and calculate moles of O 2. n = PV = 0. 9605 atm x 15. 0 L = 0. 5969 mol O 2 RT 0. 0821 atm L/K Mole 294 K Step 2: Calculate mass of Al 2 O 3 Use stoich to convert moles of O 2 to grams Al 2 O 3. 0. 5969 mol O 2 = X mol Al 2 O 3 = 0. 3979 mol Al 2 O 3 3 mole. O 2 2 mole Al 2 O 3 0. 3979 mol Al 2 O 3 x 101. 96 g Al 2 O 3= 41 g Al 2 O 3 1 mol Al O Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law Looking for volume of gas PVn RT Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law • Looking for volume of gas? PV=n. RT](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-45.jpg)
Gas Stoichiometry use ideal gas law • Looking for volume of gas? PV=n. RT • Step 1: start with stoichiometry conversion to find moles of gas • Step 2: use ideal gas law to find the volume Liters ? 1) Do stoichiometry calculations 2) Use Ideal Gas Law Courtesy Christy Johannesson www. nisd. net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
![Example 2 What volume of CO 2 forms from 5 25 g of Ca Example 2 What volume of CO 2 forms from 5. 25 g of Ca.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/238df0eba959732eb1d365b3ee8c206b/image-46.jpg)
Example 2 What volume of CO 2 forms from 5. 25 g of Ca. CO 3 at 101. 3 k. Pa & 25ºC? Ca. CO 3 Ca. O + CO 2 Given Unkown PV=n. RT m = 5. 25 g Ca. CO 3 volume of CO 2? R=. 0821 atm L/K Mole P = 101. 3 k. Pa = 1 atm Looking for liters: Start with stoich T =25. 0 o. C +273= 298 K and calculate moles of CO 2. Step 1: Calculate moles of CO 2 5. 25 g Ca. CO 3 x 1 mole Ca. CO 3 = 0. 0525 mol Ca. CO 3 100 g Ca. CO 3 1 mole CO 2 = 1 mole Ca. CO 3 ; 0. 0525 mol CO 2 Plug this into the Ideal Gas Law to find volume. Step 2: Calculate volume of CO 2 V = n. RT = 0. 0525 mol CO 2 x. 0821 atm L/K Mole x 298 K = 1. 28 L P 1 atm
Buoyancyability
Kinetic molecular theory of solids
Kinetic molecular model of gases
The kinetic molecular theory
Kinetic molecular theory of liquids and solids
Kinetic molecular theory of liquids
Kinetic energy molecular theory
Kinetic theory def
Timeline of kinetic molecular theory
Charles law in terms of kinetic molecular theory
Postulate of kinetic theory of gases
Kinetic molecular theory
Kinetic molecular theory
Pv=1/3nmc^2
Kinetic molecular theory
Tenets of kinetic molecular theory
Properties of a solid
20 examples of liquids
Postulate 2 states that gas particles are:
Solid liquid gas particles
Gas particles are separated by relatively large distances
Chapter 21: temperature, heat, and expansion answer key
Gas like mixture of charged particles
Vbt and mot theory
Valence bond theory vs molecular orbital theory
Valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory
Valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory
Bond order of li2
Covalent bond melting point
Giant molecular structure vs simple molecular structure
Giant molecular structure vs simple molecular structure
Facts about montesquieu
Relation between pressure and kinetic energy of gas
Kinetic energy of gas formula
Rate of diffusion formula
Gas laws crash course
V vs p direct or indirect
Empirical gas laws
Gas law formulas
Bourdon gauge gas law
Different gas laws
Implosion
Conceptual gas law questions
Boyle's law examples
Gas laws formula
3 gas laws
Different gas laws