Introduction The organs Paired of Ovaries Gonads paired
- Slides: 58
Introduction The organs: - Paired of Ovaries (Gonads). - paired of Uterine tube (oviduct). - Uterus (metrium). - Vagina. -Vestibule and Vulva. * Reproductive track is surrounding by The Peritoneum which form the Broad Ligament.
ovary - Ovary round in shape or oval , may nodular. - function: - maturation of the female germ cells. - hormone production. - visceral peritoneal covering of the ovary called superficial epithelium. - tunica albuginia is a condensed connective tissue underlying the epithelium of ovary.
Ovary
Ovary divide into - Cortex : - outer zone of the ovary. (opposite in mare ). - composed of follicles , corpora lutea, connective tissue. - Medulla: - central area of ovary. opposite in mare ). contain blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, smooth muscles, and connective tissue.
- In bitch , queen and mare , ovary located caudal to the kidney in the sublumbar region. - Cow , ewe, and sow at pelvic inlet. - Ovulation fossa : its central depression in the mares ovary where ovulation takes place.
Uterine tube - or oviduct, fallopian tube. - run from ovary to the tip of uterine horn. - convey the oocyte or fertilized egg from ovary to the uterus. - site of fertilization. - compose from : - infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus. - there are opening in the uterine tube open in the center of the infundibulum, it only opening of peritoneal cavity (not in male ).
- Fimbriae is - irregular , finger-like projection on free edge of infundibulum. - it pick up the oocyte and direct it to the infundibulum. -infundibulum is expanded , funnel-shaped ovarian end of the uterine tube.
Ovarian tube
Ovarian tube - Ampulla: • Middle part. • has large diameter compared to isthmus. • Where the Fertilization process occurs. - Isthmus: * The part closet to Uterine Horn and connected to it. * Thicker than the Ampulla.
Ovarian tube • Tow Junction : 1. Ampullary-isthemaic Junction : • between the Ampulla's and the Isthmus. 2. Uterotubal Junction : (salpinogouterine) • between the Ampulla's and the Uterine Horn. • is Gradual in Ruminant and Pigs.
Uterine tube
Ovarian tube
-uterine horn : -two musculomembranous extension of the uterine body. -located entirely in the abdomen. -Dogs and sow have very long horns compared to the body. -mare : short horns equal to the uterine body. -cow and ewe : *long horn and short body. *end of the uterine horn are coiled up like ram horns and continue back parallel to each other. *there intercornual ligaments(dorsal and ventral )giving false impression of a long uterine body.
Long horn and short body
short horns equal to the uterine body
dog
sow genitalia have very long horns compared to the body
Uterus - highly expanded tubular organ. - where the embryo or fetus developed - compose from : - uterine horn. - body. - cervix. - cervical canal. .
Uterine Body - between the cervix and uterine horns. - open into uterine horns and cervix. - lies dorsal to urinary bladder and ventral to the descending colon and rectum.
Uterus - Functions • • • Sperm transport Nourish early embryo Site of embryo implantation Expulsion of fetus and fetal placenta Secretion of PGF 2α in absence of fetus
Bicornuate uterus : • 1. this type in Ruminant. • 2. have long Uterine horns and small Uterine Body.
Cervix - constricted caudal part of the uterus joining the uterus to the vagina. -usually located in pelvic cavity. - have rings cow: 3 -4 rings. dog: 5 rings. ewe: 6 -7 rings Cervix – Function -Isolates uterus and fetus from external environment -Passage for sperm -Sperm filter -Sperm reservoir
Cervical canal - Canal through cervix , secrete mucous. - have internal uterine ostium and external uterine ostium. - closed except during estrous and birth. - in mare and dogs there a simple cervix bulging into the vagina ( portio vaginalis ) form distinct vaginal recess or fornix. - in cow and ewe there very long cervix have transverse folds called spiral fold to interdigitate. - in sow ther a mound in canal called pulvini.
Cervix spiral fold to interdigitate
Vagina -between cervix and vulva. -with vestibule and vulva form : * female coupulatory organ. *birth canal. Hymen : vestigial , mucosal fold at the junction of the vagina and the vestibule. - Vaginal fornix (mare &sow): cranioventral recess formed by cervix bulging into vagina , in cow and ewe have craniodorsal recess.
by vaginal smear we can determine the stage of estrous.
Vestibule - common part between urinary and genital system - connect vagina to the vulva. in mare and bitch vagina there organized erectile venous plexuses in vestibular walls called vestibular bulbs. - vestibular gland : open in vestibule and lubricate the reproductive organ. - cow , queen, and ewe have major vestibular glands called (glands of bartholin). -bitch , mare, (ewe), and sow have minor vestibular glands.
-external urethral orifice : the urethral opening at the vaginovestibular junction. - female urethra is a tube transporting urine from urinary bladder to vestibule through external urethral orifice. - urethral muscle : skeletal muscle covering the lateral and ventral sides of the urethra - in dog open on a papilla called urethral tubercle. - in sow and cow there suburethral diverticulum which is a blind pocket cranial ? and ventral to the external urethral opening.
Suburethral diverticulum of ruminant
Blood supply
Vulva -The external orifice that terminate the genital tract. Labia -there right and left lips of the vulva. -vulver cleft : opening between the labia leading into vestibule. - The Labia : tow Labia 1. Labia minora: Inner folds , Small in ruminant. 2. Labia majora: Outer folds , Externally
vulver cleft
Innervation • Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supply the genital tract. • Innervations to the ovary by Sympathetic nerves from the aortiocorenal plexuses. • Innervations to the uterine tube by Sympathetic nerves from the aortiocorenal plexuses. • Innervations to the uterus by Sympathetic innervation arrives via the right and left Hypogastric n. which extend from the caudal mesenteric plexus to the pelvic plexus.
Innervation • Innervation to the Vulva: – Autonomic innervation: • Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supply the vulva, extend from the Pelvic Plexus. – Somatic innervation * pudendal and Genito. Femoral nerves provide somatic sensory innervation to the Labia.
Clitoris -homologue to male penis. -located in the ventral commissure of the vulva. -have left and right crura attached to ischiatic arch. -two crura form body of clitoris. -clitoris have glans which is the only exposed part. -clitoris lies in clitoris fossa surrounded by clitoral prepuce. -os clitoris : a homologue os penis found in bitch.
Innervation • Innervation to the Clitoris : • the Dorsal nerve of the Clitoris (branch of pudendal nerve ) provide somatic sensory innervation.
Broad ligament -fold of connecting peritoneum , connecting the visceral peritoneum of the female reproductive tract to the parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall. -in cow is attached along the pelvic inlet , not to the dorsolateral abdominal wall. Subdivided into : mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium. -mesovarium : cranial part of the broad ligament attaching the ovary to the dorsolateral abdominal wall. -blood supply to ovary travel through it. -in dog : proper ligament of ovary which it the caudal continuation of the mesovarium cranial free edge connecting the ovary to the end of uterine horn.
-in dog there suspensory ligament of the ovary which is the mesovarium s cranial free edge attaching the ovary to the last rip. -mesosalpinx : the lateral fold arising from the mesovarium that hold the uterine tube between its two layers. -not attached directly to the abdominal wall. -small slit found in mesosalpinx of dog but cover all the ovary. -in cow , sow and mare it is less extensive , just draping over the ovary. -mesovarium and mesosalpinx form small peritoneal cavity into which projects the ovary called ovarian bursa.
dog
* Mesometrium - attaching the uterine horns and body to the dorsolateral body wall. - round ligament of the uterus : the caudal continuation of the proper ligament of the ovary , extends through the inguinal canal. - Blood supply to uterus traveling through it.
- Fallopian tube innervation
- Soft paired cone shaped organs
- Soft paired cone shaped organs
- Functions ovary
- Puberty reproductive system
- Squid gonads
- Corpus luteum
- What are gonads
- Pathway of sperm flow chart
- What is gonad
- Path of sperm
- Monads and gonads
- Endocrine molecules
- Pencreas
- Gonads
- Gametogenesis definition
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