Chapter 5 Geography of India The people 1lived

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Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Geography of India • The people 1)lived in a land of 2)extremes. • The

Geography of India • The people 1)lived in a land of 2)extremes. • The 3)terrain was varied and often presented great 4)challenges • Extremes of weather were part of life for this civilization: ▫ 5)Droughts ▫ 6)Monsoons

Geography of India • The great civilizations developed and flourished among: ▫ 7)Rivers ▫

Geography of India • The great civilizations developed and flourished among: ▫ 7)Rivers ▫ 8)Mountains ▫ 9)Plains ▫ 10)Deserts ▫ Brainpop. Everest

Geography of India • Many 11)rivers flowed through the region making the land 12)fertile

Geography of India • Many 11)rivers flowed through the region making the land 12)fertile • One of the 13)main rivers was the 14)Indus river in the north-west • It was on the banks of the Indus river that the 15)civilizations grew

Geography of India • These people used: ▫ 16)Writing ▫ 17)Large building construction ▫

Geography of India • These people used: ▫ 16)Writing ▫ 17)Large building construction ▫ 18)Organized cities • They would flourish for nearly 19)one thousand years.

Harappan Civilization • It is also known as the 20)Indus Valley Civilization • The

Harappan Civilization • It is also known as the 20)Indus Valley Civilization • The two greatest cities: ▫ 21)Mohenjo-daro ▫ 22)Harappa • They emerged around 23)2600 BC • They settled along the Indus River 24)valley

Harappan Culture and Economy • This civilization was mainly an 25)urban culture sustained by:

Harappan Culture and Economy • This civilization was mainly an 25)urban culture sustained by: ▫ Surplus agriculture production ▫ 26)Trade • The cities were made up of 27)single family living • Fortified administrative or 28)religious centers

Harappan Achievements • Houses had 29)bathrooms with indoor plumbing • Developed a system of

Harappan Achievements • Houses had 29)bathrooms with indoor plumbing • Developed a system of weights and 30)measures • They developed the first 31)writing system in India • They made: ▫ 32)Excellent pottery ▫ 33)Jewelry ▫ 34)Ivory objects ▫ 35)Cotton clothing

End of the Harappans’ • By early in 36)1700 BC the civilization ended •

End of the Harappans’ • By early in 36)1700 BC the civilization ended • Most 37)historians believe the end was caused by one of the following reasons: ▫ 38)Natural disasters ▫ 39)Invaders destroyed the cities

Mind Map • Your Topic is Harappan Civilization • Fill in all your bubbles

Mind Map • Your Topic is Harappan Civilization • Fill in all your bubbles • Use 4 or less words or a picture

Rise of the Aryans’ • Invaders from Central 40)Asia • Took 41)control of the

Rise of the Aryans’ • Invaders from Central 40)Asia • Took 41)control of the Indus Valley • These people were skilled 42)warriors • The word Aryan means “ 43)noble”

Aryans • Most of what we know about them comes from 44)religious writing known

Aryans • Most of what we know about them comes from 44)religious writing known as 45)Vedas • They had no single ruling 46)authority • Each 47)group had its own leader • Their 48)villages were governed by a 49)Raja

Aryan Caste System • The Aryans divided their 50)society into separate castes. • 51)Castes

Aryan Caste System • The Aryans divided their 50)society into separate castes. • 51)Castes were unchanging groups. • A person 52)born into one caste never 53)changed castes or 54)mixed with members of other castes.

Aryan Caste System • Caste members: ▫ 55)Lived ▫ 56)Ate ▫ 57)Married ▫ 58)Worked

Aryan Caste System • Caste members: ▫ 55)Lived ▫ 56)Ate ▫ 57)Married ▫ 58)Worked • With their own group.

Aryan Caste System • At the 59)top of the caste system were the Brahmin

Aryan Caste System • At the 59)top of the caste system were the Brahmin – ▫ 60)Priests ▫ 61)Teachers ▫ 62)Judges • The Kshatriya ▫ 63)Warrior caste

Aryan Caste System • The Vaishya caste– ▫ 64)Farmers ▫ 65)Merchants • Sudras, were:

Aryan Caste System • The Vaishya caste– ▫ 64)Farmers ▫ 65)Merchants • Sudras, were: ▫ 66)Craft workers ▫ 67)Laborers

Aryan Caste System • The untouchables were the 68)outcasts • These people were so

Aryan Caste System • The untouchables were the 68)outcasts • These people were so 69)low they lived 70)outside of the caste system

Aryan Caste System • Their jobs or habits involved “ 71)polluting activities” including: ▫

Aryan Caste System • Their jobs or habits involved “ 71)polluting activities” including: ▫ 72)Fishing ▫ 73)Butchers ▫ 74)People who ate meat • Any other job that required you to work with dead 75)animals.

Aryan Caste System • Outcastes were often forbidden to enter: ▫ 76)Temples ▫ 77)Schools

Aryan Caste System • Outcastes were often forbidden to enter: ▫ 76)Temples ▫ 77)Schools ▫ 78)Water wells used by other caste groups • The sight of untouchables was thought to be 79)polluting

Aryan Caste System • They were forced to 80)sleep during the day and 81)work

Aryan Caste System • They were forced to 80)sleep during the day and 81)work at night • Many left their rigid 82)social structure by converting: ▫ 83)Islam ▫ 84)Buddhism ▫ 85)Christianity

Aryan Language • The 86)language of the people was known as 87)Sanskrit • Many

Aryan Language • The 86)language of the people was known as 87)Sanskrit • Many of the South 88)Asian languages are 89)rooted in Sanskrit

Mind Map • Your Topic is Aryan • Fill in all your bubbles •

Mind Map • Your Topic is Aryan • Fill in all your bubbles • Use 4 or less words or a picture

Hinduism • This religion believes in many 90)gods (polytheism) • There are three major

Hinduism • This religion believes in many 90)gods (polytheism) • There are three major gods: ▫ 91)Brahma the creator ▫ 92)Siva the destroyer ▫ 93)Vishnu the Preserver • All three are part of the universal spirit of 94)Brahman

Hinduism • Both men and 95)women could gain salvation • Hinduism also taught that

Hinduism • Both men and 95)women could gain salvation • Hinduism also taught that women were 96)inferior to men • Women were not allowed to read the 97)sacred texts

Reincarnation • The soul is called the 98)Atman • This holds the 99)personality of

Reincarnation • The soul is called the 98)Atman • This holds the 99)personality of a person • The main 100)goal of reincarnation is to be reunited with 101)Brahman

Reincarnation • You live through several 102)lifetimes • You are trying to see through

Reincarnation • You live through several 102)lifetimes • You are trying to see through the 103)Illusions of the world • Once you 104)succeed you will stay with Brahma

Karma • This is the effects that 105)good and bad actions have on a

Karma • This is the effects that 105)good and bad actions have on a person’s 106)soul • Evil actions build 107)bad karma • A person with bad karma is reincarnated into a 108)lower caste or lower life form

Karma • 109)Good actions build good karma • These people are born again into

Karma • 109)Good actions build good karma • These people are born again into a 110)higher caste in their next life • Good karma brings 111)salvation known as 112)moksha

Mind Map • Your Topic is Hinduism • Fill in all your bubbles •

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Jainism • A religion based on the teaching of 113)Mahavira • They try to

Jainism • A religion based on the teaching of 113)Mahavira • They try to live by four principles: ▫ 114)Injure no life ▫ 115)Tell the truth ▫ 116)Do not steal ▫ 117)Own no property

Jainism • They believed that 118)everything is alive and part of the cycle of

Jainism • They believed that 118)everything is alive and part of the cycle of 119)rebirth • They are 120)vegetarians

Buddhism • In the late 121)500 s BC a young Indian prince named 122)Siddhartha

Buddhism • In the late 121)500 s BC a young Indian prince named 122)Siddhartha Gautama • He attracted many 123)dissatisfied followers of 124)Hinduism.

Buddhism • He looked around his 125)world and saw how hard other 126)people had

Buddhism • He looked around his 125)world and saw how hard other 126)people had to work and how much they 127)suffered.

Buddhism • He began to ask 128)questions about the meaning of 129)life. • When

Buddhism • He began to ask 128)questions about the meaning of 129)life. • When he reached the age of 130)30 he left home to look for 131)answers.

Buddhism • His 132)journey took him to many regions in 133)India. • He spoke

Buddhism • His 132)journey took him to many regions in 133)India. • He spoke with 134)priests and people of wisdom on his 135)travels.

Buddhism • He wanted to free his 136)mind from daily concerns. • He started

Buddhism • He wanted to free his 136)mind from daily concerns. • He started 137)fasting (going without food) • Devoted time to 138)meditation (focusing the mind on spiritual ideas)

Buddhism • Its 139)believed that he spent 6 years 140)wandering India. • He came

Buddhism • Its 139)believed that he spent 6 years 140)wandering India. • He came to a city on the Ganges River named 141)Gaya

Buddhism • He sat under a 142)tree and meditated. • After 7 143)weeks he

Buddhism • He sat under a 142)tree and meditated. • After 7 143)weeks he realized why humans 144)suffer.

Buddhism • First 145)wanting what we like but do not have. • Wanting to

Buddhism • First 145)wanting what we like but do not have. • Wanting to 146)keep what we like and 147)already have. • 148)Not wanting what we dislike but have.

Buddhism • He spent another 7 149)weeks under the tree meditating. • Today the

Buddhism • He spent another 7 149)weeks under the tree meditating. • Today the name is known as the 150)Tree of Wisdom

Buddhism • He was almost 151)35 years old when he became 152)enlightened. • From

Buddhism • He was almost 151)35 years old when he became 152)enlightened. • From this point he would be known as 153)Buddha

Buddhism • Buddha traveled across 154)northern India teaching people his 155)ideas. • He shared

Buddhism • Buddha traveled across 154)northern India teaching people his 155)ideas. • He shared with the people the 156)Four Noble Truths

Four Noble Truths of Buddhism • First Truth— 157)Suffering and unhappiness are part of

Four Noble Truths of Buddhism • First Truth— 157)Suffering and unhappiness are part of life. No one can 158)escape sorrow. • Second Truth— Suffering comes from our 159)desires for pleasure and material 160)goods.

Four Noble Truths of Buddhism • Third Truth—People can 161)overcome desire and ignorance and

Four Noble Truths of Buddhism • Third Truth—People can 161)overcome desire and ignorance and reach 162)nirvana (a state of perfect peace) • Fourth Truth—People can overcome 163)ignorance and desire by following 164)The Eightfold Path

The Spread of Buddhism • After the 165)death of Buddha in 483 BC his

The Spread of Buddhism • After the 165)death of Buddha in 483 BC his followers 166)spread his ideas throughout India and later into parts of 167)Asia • 168)Missionaries would reach regions in: ▫ 168)Syria ▫ 169)Egypt

The Spread of Buddhism • It would spread along the 170)Silk road and reach

The Spread of Buddhism • It would spread along the 170)Silk road and reach areas in: ▫ 171)China ▫ 172)Korea ▫ 173)Japan

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Mauryan Empire • This Empire lasted for around 174)150 years. • The military leader

Mauryan Empire • This Empire lasted for around 174)150 years. • The military leader 175)Candragupta Maurya seized control of northern India. • He established the new capital at 176)Patna (321 to 185 BC)

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • He 177)unified the subcontinent for the first

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • He 177)unified the subcontinent for the first time and 178)contributed to the spread of 179)Buddhism.

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • The empire included: ▫ 180)Spies ▫ 181)Large

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • The empire included: ▫ 180)Spies ▫ 181)Large Army ▫ 182)War Elephants ▫ 183)Chariots • Citizens were required to pay 184)taxes to receive governmental 185)protection.

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • 186)Candragupta stepped down in 301 BC to

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • 186)Candragupta stepped down in 301 BC to become a 187)Jainist monk. • 188)Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta. • His 189)reign lasted until 272 BC

Mauryan Empire • The 190)son of Bindusara came to power in 191)270 BC •

Mauryan Empire • The 190)son of Bindusara came to power in 191)270 BC • 192)Asoka is considered the 193)strongest of all the Mauryan rulers (321 to 185 BC)

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • He 194)extended the empire to most of

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • He 194)extended the empire to most of 195)India. • For many years he 196)watched his armies fight 197)bloody battles. • He took the 198)deaths of his men 199)personally.

Mauryan Empire • After several years of ruling he converted to 200)Buddhism. • He

Mauryan Empire • After several years of ruling he converted to 200)Buddhism. • He changed how he governed by improving life for his citizens: ▫ 201)Wells Dug ▫ 202)Built Roads ▫ 203)Planted Shade Trees (321 to 185 BC)

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • He also 204)encouraged the spread of Buddhism

Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • He also 204)encouraged the spread of Buddhism throughout 205)Asia

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Gupta Empire 320 AD-500 AD • After five hundred 206)years, India emerged from the

Gupta Empire 320 AD-500 AD • After five hundred 206)years, India emerged from the 207)dark ages • This starts the 208)classical age of the 209)Gupta dynasty • This dynasty ushered in the next major 210)empire.

Gupta Empire 320 AD-500 AD • The dynasty is often known as the 211)Golden

Gupta Empire 320 AD-500 AD • The dynasty is often known as the 211)Golden Age of Indian culture • Because of: ▫ 212)Peace ▫ 213)Progress ▫ 214)Prosperity • Great advances were made in: ▫ 215)Art ▫ 216)Literature ▫ 217)Science

Gupta Empire 320 AD-500 AD • There was renewed enthusiasm in 218)religions like Hinduism

Gupta Empire 320 AD-500 AD • There was renewed enthusiasm in 218)religions like Hinduism • The world's first 219)universities were established

Gupta Empire 320 AD-500 AD • The dynasty was founded by a man known

Gupta Empire 320 AD-500 AD • The dynasty was founded by a man known as 220)Chandra Gupta I • He broke away from the 221)dozens of kings of the period • He created a good size 222)kingdom

Gupta Achievements • Great works of 223)Hindu and 224)Buddhist Art • Grand 225)temples built

Gupta Achievements • Great works of 223)Hindu and 224)Buddhist Art • Grand 225)temples built for these religions that stand today • Paintings and 226)Sculptures • Writing that included: ▫ 227)Sanskrit Epics ▫ 228)Plays ▫ 229)Poetry

Gupta Achievements • Other advancements included: • 230)Metalworking ▫ This included the process of

Gupta Achievements • Other advancements included: • 230)Metalworking ▫ This included the process of combining two or more 231)metals into one (Alloy) • 332)Math ▫ Created the 233)Hindu. Arabic numerals

Gupta Achievements • 234)Science ▫ They had a great interest in 235)Astronomy. They knew

Gupta Achievements • 234)Science ▫ They had a great interest in 235)Astronomy. They knew the Sun was a 236)star. And they knew the Earth was a 237)sphere.

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