1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER General Properties of Matter

1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER

General Properties of Matter 2 Matter is anything that has mass and volume Everything is made of matter

What are properties? 3 Characteristics used to describe an object Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness video

General Properties of matter 4 Mass, weight, volume, and density Properties are used to identify a substance

What is mass? 5 Mass is the amount of matter in an object Mass is constant Mass is also the measure of inertia

What is inertia? 6 Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion The more mass the greater the inertia

Questions 7 How is mass related to inertia? Why are properties of an object important?

Question 9 Which object has more inertia, an empty wagon or one loaded with rocks? Why?

Question 10 What does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly?

Question 11 Why would the passenger move forward without the restraining force of the belt?

Question 12 What would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place?

Question 13 What other safety features are present in a car in response to a person’s inertia in a moving vehicle?

Weight 14 The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object Weight changes with gravity The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

Weight formula 15 1 kg = 2. 2 pounds Weight is mass times gravity (9. 8 m/s 2) W= m x g What is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons?

What is gravity? 16 The force of attraction between objects is gravity All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

Question 17 Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

Gravitational pull 18 The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

Question 19 Why can’t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive?

What affects gravity? 20 The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases gravity depends on mass and distance

Gravity 21 The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

Question 22 Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

Question 23 The moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon?

Questions 24 What are three properties of matter related to mass?

Question 25 What is density and how is it calculated?

Density 26 The density of water is 1. 0 g/ml Objects with densities greater than 1. 0 will sink in water

Density 27 Objects with densities less than 1. 0 g/ml will float on water

Ice 28 Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

Astronomy fact! 29 The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1. 0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

Calculations 30 If 96. 5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

Calculation 31 If 96. 5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 3 cm , what is the density of aluminum?

Calculation 32 If the density of a diamond is 3. 5 g/cm 3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0. 5 3 cm ?

What is specific gravity? 33 A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

Questions 34 How is density different from specific gravity?

What is a physical property? 35 Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

Phases of matter (video) 36 Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma solids have a definite shape and volume

Solid particle arrangement 37 Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate Two types of solids are crystalline and amorphous

Types of solids 38 Crystalline solids are arranged in repeating patterns called crystals (salt, sugar) Amorphous solids can lose their shape

Examples of amorphous solids 39 Tar, candle wax, glass Shape changes under certain conditions (differences in temperature)

Liquid particle arrangement 40 Liquids have particles that are close together, but are free to move

Question 41 Describe the shape of a liquid.

Describe a liquid 42 Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume

Question 43 What happens when one-liter of soda is poured into a four-liter container?

Properties of liquids 44 Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow

What is viscosity? 45 The resistance of a liquid to flow The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily Honey, motor oil, corn syrup have a high viscosity

Behavior of liquids 46 Cohesion is the force of attraction between LIKE particles Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles

Surface tension (video) 47 Tendency of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion

Question 48 Describe the viscosity of a liquid. Describe a liquid’s shape.

Questions 49 How is adhesion different from cohesion? Explain surface tension.

Properties of gases 50 Gases do not have a definite shape or volume (video) They fill all the available space in a container

51 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion

Question 52 How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

Gas laws 53 Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

Charles Law 54 Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

Charles’ Law 55 As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases Heating air causes it to expand

Question 56 How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

Pressure 57 The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

Boyle’s Law 58 Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

Boyle’s law 59 If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law) The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

Plasma 60 Plasma (phase) most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

Question 61 What are the four phases of matter? Describe the plasma phase of matter.

Phase changes (video) 62 Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

What is a physical change? 63 Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties Type of matter remains the same

Questions 64 Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

Physical changes 65 Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

Melting video 66 Phase change from a solid to a liquid

Melting point 67 Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid Physical property

Questions 68 How is melting different from freezing?

Phase changes (video) 69 Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes

Vaporization 70 Phase change from a liquid to a gas

Boiling point (video) 71 The temperature in which a liquid boils Point at which a liquid changes to a gas

Freezing (video) 72 Phase change of a liquid to a solid The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point

Condensation 73 Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas

Question 74 Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization.

Sublimation examples 75 Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation

Chemical properties 76 Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties Ex: flammability

Chemical changes 77 The change of a substance into a new and different substance Also known as a chemical reaction video

Questions 78 What is another name for a chemical change? Describe sublimation. How is a chemical change different from a physical change?