Properties of Matter 1 General Properties of Matter

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Properties of Matter 1

Properties of Matter 1

General Properties of Matter is anything that has mass and volume Everything is made

General Properties of Matter is anything that has mass and volume Everything is made of matter 2

What are properties? Characteristics used to describe an object Ex: color, odor, shape, size,

What are properties? Characteristics used to describe an object Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness 3

I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter A. Physical

I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter A. Physical Properties(there’s no change in the composition) Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness, sonorosity (sound), luster (shiny), solubility, porosity(can absorb), BP, MP, FP, Elasticity – ability of a material to be stretched. 4

Flexibility – ability of a material to be bent. 5

Flexibility – ability of a material to be bent. 5

Malleability – ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets 6

Malleability – ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets 6

Ductility – ability of a material to be turned into a thin wire. 7

Ductility – ability of a material to be turned into a thin wire. 7

Hardness – ability of a material to be hardly broken. 8

Hardness – ability of a material to be hardly broken. 8

Brittleness – ability of a matter to be easily broken. 9

Brittleness – ability of a matter to be easily broken. 9

Viscosity The resistance of a liquid to flow The difficulty of a liquid to

Viscosity The resistance of a liquid to flow The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily the greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves 10

 Conductivity - materials ability to allow heat to flow. Ex. metal vs. wood

Conductivity - materials ability to allow heat to flow. Ex. metal vs. wood

I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter B. Chemical

I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter B. Chemical Properties (there’s a change in the composition) Ex: combustibility (combustion/burning) oxidation decomposition 12

II. General Properties of matter Possessed by all types of matter. Mass, weight, volume,

II. General Properties of matter Possessed by all types of matter. Mass, weight, volume, density and Impenetrability 13

What is mass? Mass is the amount of 14 matter in an object Mass

What is mass? Mass is the amount of 14 matter in an object Mass is constant. The metric unit for mass is grams (g) Kg, g, lbs Platform balance, weighing scale

Weight The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object

Weight The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object Weight changes with gravity The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N) 15

Weight formula 1 kg = 2. 2 pounds Weight is mass times acceleration due

Weight formula 1 kg = 2. 2 pounds Weight is mass times acceleration due to gravity (9. 8 m/s 2) W= m x a What is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons? 16

What is gravity? The force of attraction between objects is gravity All objects exert

What is gravity? The force of attraction between objects is gravity All objects exert a gravitational force on each other 17

Question Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same

Question Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth? 18

Gravitational pull The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

Gravitational pull The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force 19

What affects gravity? The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases

What affects gravity? The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases gravity depends on mass and distance 20

Gravity The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less

Gravity The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh 21

Question Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

Question Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest? 22

Volume The amount of space taken up by an object. Regularly-shaped solid v= l

Volume The amount of space taken up by an object. Regularly-shaped solid v= l x w xh Irregularly shaped solid – using displacement method Liquid – using a graduated 23

Density It is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed

Density It is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed into a given volume. Is the ratio of mass and volume in an object. D= m/v g/ml or g/cm 3 24

Density The density of water is 1. 0 g/ml Objects with densities greater than

Density The density of water is 1. 0 g/ml Objects with densities greater than 1. 0 g/ml will sink in water 25

Density Objects with densities less than 1. 0 g/ml will float on water 26

Density Objects with densities less than 1. 0 g/ml will float on water 26

Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water Ice mostly remains underwater with

Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed 27

Astronomy fact! The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1. 0 g/ml.

Astronomy fact! The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1. 0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float! 28

Calculations If 96. 5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters,

Calculations If 96. 5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold? 29

Calculation If 96. 5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 3 cm

Calculation If 96. 5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 3 cm , what is the density of aluminum? 30

Calculation If the density of a diamond is 3. 5 g/cm 3, what would

Calculation If the density of a diamond is 3. 5 g/cm 3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0. 5 3 cm ? 31

What is specific gravity? A comparison of the density of a substance and the

What is specific gravity? A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity 32

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion 33

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion 33

Question How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another? 34

Question How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another? 34

GAS LAWS 35

GAS LAWS 35

Gas laws Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in

Gas laws Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume 36

Charles Law Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a

Charles Law Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure) 37

Charles’ Law As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas

Charles’ Law As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases Heating air causes it to expand 38

Question How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

Question How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space? 39

Pressure The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain

Pressure The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area 40

Boyle’s Law Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases

Boyle’s Law Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature) 41

Boyle’s law If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a

Boyle’s law If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law) The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure 42

Plasma (phase) most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in

Plasma (phase) most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars) 43

Question What are the four phases of matter? Describe the plasma phase of matter.

Question What are the four phases of matter? Describe the plasma phase of matter. 44

Phase changes (video) Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

Phase changes (video) Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation 45

What is a physical change? Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties Type

What is a physical change? Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties Type of matter remains the same 46

Questions Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

Questions Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation). 47

Physical changes Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

Physical changes Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change 48

Melting video Phase change from a solid to a liquid 49

Melting video Phase change from a solid to a liquid 49

Melting point Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid Physical property 50

Melting point Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid Physical property 50

Questions How is melting different from freezing? 51

Questions How is melting different from freezing? 51

Phase changes (video) Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant Adding or

Phase changes (video) Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes 52

Vaporization Phase change from a liquid to a gas 53

Vaporization Phase change from a liquid to a gas 53

Boiling point (video) The temperature in which a liquid boils Point at which a

Boiling point (video) The temperature in which a liquid boils Point at which a liquid changes to a gas 54

Freezing (video) Phase change of a liquid to a solid The temperature in which

Freezing (video) Phase change of a liquid to a solid The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point 55

Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid Sublimation is a

Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas 56

Question Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization. 57

Question Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization. 57

Sublimation examples Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation 58

Sublimation examples Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation 58

Chemical properties Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties Ex:

Chemical properties Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties Ex: flammability 59

Chemical changes The change of a substance into a new and different substance Also

Chemical changes The change of a substance into a new and different substance Also known as a chemical reaction video 60

Questions What is another name for a chemical change? Describe sublimation. How is a

Questions What is another name for a chemical change? Describe sublimation. How is a chemical change different from a physical change? 61