Properties of matter 1 General Properties of Matter

Properties of matter 1

General Properties of Matter u. Matter is anything that has mass and volume u. Everything is made of matter 2

What are properties? u. Characteristics used to describe an object u. Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness uvideo 3

General Properties of matter u. Weight, mass, volume, and density u. Properties are used to identify a substance 4

What is mass? u. Mass is the amount of matter in an object u. Mass is constant u. Mass is also the measure of inertia 5

What is inertia? u. Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion u. The more mass the greater the inertia 6

Questions u. How is mass related to inertia? u. Why are properties of an object important? 7

Question u. Which object has more inertia, an empty wagon or one loaded with rocks? Why? 9

Question u. What does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly? 10

Question u. Why would the passenger move forward without the restraining force of the belt? 11

Question u. What would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place? 12

Question u. What other safety features are present in a car in response to a person’s inertia in a moving vehicle? 13

Weight u. The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object u. Weight changes with gravity u. The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N) 14

u 1 Weight formula kg = 2. 2 pounds u Weight is mass times gravity (9. 8 m/s 2) u W= m x g u What is your mass? u What is your weight in Newtons? 15

What is gravity? u. The force of attraction between objects is gravity u. All objects exert a gravitational force on each other 16

Question u. Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth? 17

Gravitational pull u. The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force 18

Question u. Why can’t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive? 19

What affects gravity? u. The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases ugravity depends on mass and distance 20

Gravity u. The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh 21

Question u. Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest? 22

Question u. The moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon? 23

Questions u. What are three properties of matter related to mass? 24

Question u. What is density and how is it calculated? 25

Density u. The density of water is 1. 0 g/ml u. Objects with densities greater than 1. 0 will sink in water 26

Density u. Objects with densities less than 1. 0 g/ml will float on water 27

Ice u. Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water u. Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed 28

Astronomy fact! u. The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1. 0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float! 29

Calculations u. If 96. 5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold? 30

Calculation u. If 96. 5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm 3, what is the density of aluminum? 31

Calculation u. If the density of a diamond is 3. 5 g/cm 3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0. 5 3 cm ? 32

What is specific gravity? u. A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity 33

Questions u. How is density different from specific gravity? 34

What is a physical property? u. Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance 35

Phases of matter (video) u. Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma usolids have a definite shape and volume 36

Solid particle arrangement u. Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate u. Two types of solids are crystalline and amorphous 37

Types of solids u. Crystalline solids are arranged in repeating patterns called crystals (salt, sugar) u. Amorphous solids can lose their shape 38

Examples of amorphous solids u Tar, candle wax, glass u Shape changes under certain conditions (differences in temperature) 39

Liquid particle arrangement u. Liquids have particles that are close together, but are free to move 40

Question u. Describe the shape of a liquid. 41

Describe a liquid u. Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume 42

Question u. What happens when one-liter of soda is poured into a fourliter container? 43

Properties of liquids u. Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container u. Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow 44

What is viscosity? u. The resistance of a liquid to flow u. The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily u. Honey, motor oil, corn syrup have a high viscosity 45

Behavior of liquids u. Cohesion is the force of attraction between LIKE particles u. Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles 46

Surface tension (video) u. Tendency of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion 47

Question u. Describe the viscosity of a liquid. u. Describe a liquid’s shape. 48

Questions u. How is adhesion different from cohesion? u. Explain surface tension. 49

Properties of gases u. Gases do not have a definite shape or volume (video) u. They fill all the available space in a container 50

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter u. Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion 51

Question u. How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another? 52

Gas laws u. Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume 53

Charles Law u. Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure) 54

Charles’ Law u. As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases u. Heating air causes it to expand 55

Question u. How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space? 56

Pressure u. The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area 57

Boyle’s Law u. Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature) 58

Boyle’s law u. If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law) u. The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure 59

Plasma u. Plasma (phase) umost common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars) 60

Question u. What are the four phases of matter? u. Describe the plasma phase of matter. 61

Phase changes (video) u. Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation 62

What is a physical change? u. Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties u. Type of matter remains the same 63

Questions u. Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation). 64

Physical changes u. Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change 65

Melting video u. Phase change from a solid to a liquid 66

Melting point u. Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid u. Physical property 67

Questions u. How is melting different from freezing? 68

Phase changes (video) Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant u Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes u 69

Vaporization u. Phase change from a liquid to a gas 70

Boiling point (video) u. The temperature in which a liquid boils u. Point at which a liquid changes to a gas 71

Freezing (video) u. Phase change of a liquid to a solid u. The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point 72

Condensation u. Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid u. Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas 73

Question u. Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization. 74

Sublimation examples u. Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation 75

Chemical properties u. Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties u. Ex: flammability 76

Chemical changes u. The change of a substance into a new and different substance u. Also known as a chemical reaction uvideo 77

Questions u. What is another name for a chemical change? u. Describe sublimation. u. How is a chemical change different from a physical change? 78