The Mogollon the Anasazi and the Hohokam Adaptations

The Mogollon, the Anasazi, and the Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations Made for Survival

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The Mogollon ~1 a. d. – 1450 a. d 3

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Mogollon Habitat • Mountain and desert dwellers • Gila River Country • Mimbres River • San Francisco River 5

Mogollon Habitat Mountain dwellers Desert dwellers blm. gov/az 6

Mogollon Habitat Gila River Country blm. gov/az 7

Mogollon Habitat Mimbres & San Francisco Rivers nmsu. edu 8

How the Mogollon got food and other goods • Hunter-Gatherers: bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer, white-tail deer, antelope, beaver, badger, jackrabbits, cottontails, turkeys • Farmers: corn, beans, squash, cotton • Traders: traded with people from the coast for shells and pots 9

How the Mogollon got food and other goods Hunter-Gatherers blm. gov 10

How the Mogollon got food and other goods Corn Farmers Squash blog. usa. gov www. pecad. fas. usda. gov 11

How the Mogollon got food and other goods Traders statemuseum. arizona. edu 12

Mogollon Artifacts • spear points • stone knives • grinding bones (deer, rabbit, squirrel, gopher, prairie dog, badger, pronghorn and mountain sheep) 13

Mogollon Artifacts Spear Points, Stone Knives statemuseum. arizona. edu 14

Mogollon Artifacts Bones blm. gov 15

More Artifacts • Pottery Brown or red before 900 a. d. Mimbres (black on white) in 900 a. d. • Stone axes ground on 3 sides • Shell pendants, bone hairpins 16

Artifacts Mimbres Pottery Blm. gov statemuseum. arizona. edu Nps. gov 17

Artifacts Stone Axes Nps. gov 18

Artifacts Shell Pendants, Hair Pins statemuseum. arizona. edu 19

Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations 1. Totally relied on environment 2. Followed seasons 20

Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations May have left area due to climate change or drought which would lead to food shortages 21

Mogollon Ruins Gila Cliff Dwelling Kinishba Pueblo Grasshopper Q Ranch Pueblo Point of Pines Pueblo 22

Mogollon Ruins Gila Cliff Dwellings nps. gov 23

Mogollon Ruins Kinishba Pueblo Nps. gov 24

The Anasazi ~100 a. d. - 1300 a. d. 25

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Anasazi Habitat Stone architecture Cliff dwellings or pueblos Kiva built in center of plaza -underground -for ceremonies -with benches 27

Anasazi Habitat Cliff dwellings or pueblos nps. gov 28

Kiva: A chamber, built wholly or partly underground, used for religious rites. 29

How the Anasazi got food and other goods Farmers: corn or maize, squash Hunter-Gatherers: rabbit, deer, prairie dogs Basket makers 30

How the Anasazi got food and other goods Farmers usda. gov blog. usa. gov 31

How the Anasazi got food and other goods Hunter-Gatherers blm. gov 32

How the Anasazi got food and other goods Basket Makers Nps. gov 33

Anasazi Artifacts • • • Pottery (learned from the Mogollon) Squash gourds for water Baskets Stone tools – spear, throwing stick Digging sticks 34

Artifacts Pottery Loc. gov 35

Artifacts Squash gourds for water The gourds used to store water would have looked something like this. Nps. gov 36

Anasazi Artifacts Baskets Nps. gov 37

Anasazi Artifacts Stone tools Throwing Sticks and Spears Nps. gov 38

Anasazi Artifacts Digging Sticks Can you imagine using a stick to dig a hole to plant a seed in order to get food? 39

Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations 1. Carried water from source to village 2. Built homes in cliffs for protection from elements and enemies 3. Built homes facing south for heat in winter 40

Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations nps. gov 41

Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations What may have happened to them? Drought Enemies invaded Internal conflict 42

Anasazi Ruins • Mesa Verde • Canyon de Chelly • Kayenta 43

Anasazi Ruins Mesa Verde usgs. gov 44

Anasazi Ruins Canyon de Chelly nasa. gov 45

The Hohokam ~1 a. d. – 1450 a. d. 46

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Hohokam Habitat • Sonoran Desert by rivers • Made homes of ‘jacal’ (adobe) • Villages built around plaza 48

Hohokam Habitat Hohokam adobe dwelling Nps. gov 49

How the Hohokam got food and other goods Farmers: corn, beans, cotton, agave, and squash Hunter-Gatherers 50

How the Hohokam got food and other goods Farmers Cotton Corn Virginia. gov usda. gov Agave usda. gov 51

How the Hohokam got food and other goods Hunter-Gatherers Mo. gov Rabbits fws. gov Prairie dogs Blm. gov Deer 52

Hohokam artifacts found Pottery--Red on Buff(Beige) Shell ornaments Stone tools 53

Hohokam Artifacts Pottery – Red on Buff statemuseum. arizona. edu 54

Artifacts Shell ornaments statemuseum. arizona. edu 55

Artifacts Stone tools statemuseum. arizona. edu 56

Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations 1. Moved from desert in summer to foothills, then back to desert in winter 2. Built over 300 miles of canals to irrigate crops 57

Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations Canal system--Old and New waterhistory. org 58

Adaptations and Alterations May have left due to: drought floods climate change 59

Hohokam Ruins Casa Grande Snaketown 60

Hohokam Ruins Casa Grande nps. gov 61

Hohokam Ruins Snaketown statemuseum. arizona. edu 62