Part 2 The English Renaissance English and American

Part 2 The English Renaissance English and American Literature & Selected Readings ：魏晓红 : weixiaohonghd@163. com : 13931098970

Revision Contents F. Bacon Drama Pa rt 2: En gli sh Re na is s an ce Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe

Part 2 The English Renaissance Edmund Spenser（1552— 1599） Discussion What are the writing features of The Faerie Qeene?

Part 2 The English Renaissance Writing Features • Spenserian Stanza (p. 43) • Symbolism in characters, animals, light and darkness • Allusion (p. 43, the 4 th line from the bottom)

Part 2 The English Renaissance Allusion(典故，引喻) • e. g. • Grammar may be his heel of Archilles. • 语法是他最大的弱点。(Greek mythology) • In Faerie Queene: • Malbecco: evil goat (色鬼), western myth • Swine on which Gluttony rides, 7 sins

Part 2 The English Renaissance Allusion: example from religion • Errours’ dark cave in which the monstrous halfserpent can dwell. • Serpent巨蛇, embodiment of Satan (enemy of God and human being) in Bible, who tempted Eve to eat the Apple

Part 2 The English Renaissance Alliteration, Allegory, Allusion, Symbol • alliteration: initial repeated consonants • allegory: a pair of subjects (an image, a concept) • allusion : no explicit identification, yet based on… • symbol: only one subject (the image alone) • symbolism: the use of symbols in writing

Part 2 The English Renaissance Themes in Faerie Queene p. 42 生命的和谐构成该诗的主题。而生命的 1. Nationalism 和谐又具体体现在人与神，人与宇宙、 2. Humanism 人与人的关系之中。 3. Puritanism 生命的和谐可以统一全诗的其他主题， 4. Harmony of life 从而成为《仙后》的统一原则。 Harmony in poem: Modernism and medievalism are blended (mixed) and harmonized by the beauty of sound and of color in the Spenserian poetry.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Themes in Faerie Queene 5. Instruction in Virtue • who the heroes and villains are • what good behavior looks like • an education in proper living for 16 th Century England.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Themes in Faerie Queene 6. Interdependence of the Virtues • A whole person needs more virtures. • For example, Redcrosse’s Holiness requires rescuing by Britomart’s Chastity, while Britomart’s Chastity seeks Justice to complete it in the social realm. (social reality)

Part 2 The English Renaissance Themes in Faerie Queene 7. Duty and Responsibility • Every heroic figure must perform his duty and accept the responsibility successfully to fight against a monster or demon. The Red Cross Knight must fight several demons and overcome despair, trying to rescue the King.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Spenser’s Position in English Literature Pair Work Read Spenser’s position in English Literature (p. 43) and comment on Spenser.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Key Points in Spenser’s Position 1. Spenser’s The shepherd’s Calendar marked the budding of the Renaissance. 2. Spenser is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poetic effusions(抒发). • The union of line and metre is more harmonious, more supple and richer than the works of his predecessor. • ['pri: dises ]

Part 2 The English Renaissance Key Points in Spenser’s Position • 3. One of the three great poets who wrote sonnets in Elizabethan Age: • Edmund Spenser: Amoretti《爱情小诗》, Epithalamion《婚后曲》 (Philip Sidney: Astrophel and Stella 《阿斯特罗菲尔和斯黛拉》 William Shakespeare: Sonnets《十四行诗》)

Part 2 The English Renaissance Comments on Spenser • He is one of greatest sonnet poets in Elizabethan time. • He is a master, a musician and a great painter. • The Spenserian Stanza he used in his poems does great influence on later writers. Back

Part 2 The English Renaissance Francis Bacon (弗兰西斯培根 1561— 1626) Discussion & Appreciation 1. Who is Francis Bacon? 2. What is his masterpiece?

Part 2 The English Renaissance Comments on F. Bacon 1. a well-known lawyer, literary man and political figure; 2. the founder of English materialist philosophy; 3. the first English writer of a flexible, varied, precise and colloquial prose.

Part 2 The English Renaissance F. Bacon’s Literary Works 1. philosophy: • Advancement of Learning 《学术的推进》 New Instrument《新 具》 2. professional: • Maxims of the Law 《法律格言》 3. essays: • Essays《随笔／培根论文集 》

Part 2 The English Renaissance Bacon’s Representative “Of Studies”“论学习” Essays «培根论文集» Which is the most famous one? “Of Wisdom”“论智慧” “Of Death” “Of Friendship” “Of Travel”, etc.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Famous Sayings 1. If a man be gracious（仁慈的） to strangers, it shows he is a citizen of the world. • a citizen of the world, “世界公民”：主张公正、 倡导和平、乐意助人、身体力行的人 Of Francis Bacon

Part 2 The English Renaissance Famous Sayings • 3. The remedy is worse than the disease. • 医治不得法，不如不医治. • 4. Cure the disease and kill the patient. • 治好了病，治死了人。治了病， 治不了命。 Of Francis Bacon

Part 2 The English Renaissance Famous Sayings 5. A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. 聪明人自己创造的机会比找到的机 会多。 6. Knowledge is power. Of Francis Bacon Find more 知识就是力量。 —— 培根 Opportunities

Part 2 The English Renaissance Famous Sayings 7. Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested. • =Some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly. • 一些书可以品尝，另外一些书可以吞食，少数的 一些书可以咀嚼、消化。 Of Francis Bacon

Part 2 The English Renaissance Famous Sayings 8. Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle, natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. （读史使人明智 ；读诗使人聪慧 ； 数学使人周密 ；伦理使人庄重 ； Reading makes ；哲理使人深刻 a full man, conversation a 逻辑与修辞使人善辩。 ） ready man, writing an exact man. 读书使人渊博，交谈/讨论使人敏捷，写作使人严谨。 Of Francis Bacon

Part 2 The English Renaissance Bacon’s Writing Style precision clearness, Bacon’s essay: brevity, Bacon’s sentences: force of expression 简短；尖锐； 切入；平行。 short, pointed, incisive, old sayings and often of balanced structure four prominent qualities: preciseness, directness, tenseness and forcefulness Back

Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama Pair Work 1. How many kinds of drama? 2. What are the representative works of these drama? 3. What are the contribution of the “university wits”?

Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama Forms of Drama 1. Miracle Plays 奇迹剧 2. Morality Plays 道德剧 3. Mystery Plays 神秘剧 4. Interludes 幕间表演 5. Classical dramas 古典剧

Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama: Miracle Plays 1. The Shepherds written in the The Second Shepherds' Play, Everyman, and Other Early Plays 14 th century, reflects the condition of English peasants who were ground down by heavy taxes and by the oppression of the gentry

Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama: Moral Plays Everyman is a morality play, an allegorical drama that teaches a lesson about how Christians should live and what a person must do to save his soul. A morality play was, in effect, a sermon that was acted out.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 Drama: Mystery Plays The York Cycle (York Mystery Plays) (start the performance in the 14 th century) contained 48 short plays and took approximately 14 hours to perform. The last known medieval performance of the York Cycle was in 1569.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 4 The Interlude • What is the purpose of “Interlude”? • To enliven (cheer up) the audience after a solemn (serious) scene. • The interesting interlude is The Play of the Weather ____________. • Beg the weather to allow the boy to catch birds and throw snowballs.

Part 2 The English Renaissance The Classical Drama 3. English comedies and tragedies on classical models appeared in the 16 th century. middle of the _____ 4. The first English comedy is Gammer Gurton’s Needle ____________. 《葛顿大娘的缝衣针》

Part 2 The English Renaissance The Classical Drama 5. The first English tragedy is Gorboduc 《高波特克》 ___________. 6. Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays paved the way for the flourishing of ______. drama

Part 2 The English Renaissance London Theatre Pair Work 1. London Theatre 2. Its Audience 3. Its Playwrights

Part 2 The English Renaissance London Theatre and Its Audience

Part 2 The English Renaissance The Playwrights Men of letters(文人, 作家) Lyly 黎里 Peele 皮尔 “university wits” “大学才子” writing between 1587— 1593 Marlowe 马洛 Greene 格林 Lodge 洛奇 Nash 纳石

Part 2 The English Renaissance University Wits humble birth paid wage-laborers hard-to-mouth existence impecunious 贫穷的 industrious 勤奋的 looked down large part of the suspected repertoire全部剧目 sad end in life for Elizabethan stage Back

Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 5 Marlowe Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗 • 马洛 (1564— 1593) A bright star with a life of only 29; learned, knowledgeable; the most gifted of the University Wits.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Chapter 5 Marlowe Student’s Presentation Marlowe’s Literary Career and His Writing Features

Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe’s Learning and Works Learning astronomy, geography, medical science, history, Greek epics and Latin, especial interest in drama Tamburlaine «铁木儿» , in 1587 Works The Jew of Malta, «马耳他岛的犹太人» in 1592 Dr. Faustus, «浮士德博士的悲剧» in 1588

Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe’s Tamburlaine 《铁木儿》 the career of Tamburlaine the subject-matter: the Mongol conqueror a shepherd; a Khan finally cruel, inhuman, cold. Fortune’s lord blooded, heartless passion for sovereignty arch-monarch of the world

Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta • The hero of The Jew of Malta is _______. Barabas • Barabas is greedy of sovereignty in _______ riches not in _______. kingship

Part 2 The English Renaissance An Analysis of Dr. Faustus Pair Work What is your idea of Dr. Faustus?

Part 2 The English Renaissance Key Facts of Dr. Faustus 1. Type of Work: play 2. Genre: tragedy 2. Protagonist: Dr. Faustus 3. Point of View: 1. Faustus, 2. soliloqu y 2. lesser, 4. Published: in 1588, England comic 5. Setting: Europe, c. 1580 s characters 3. chorus speci. Germany & Italy

Part 2 The English Renaissance Who? • Faustus • Mephistophilis • Arch-devil: Lucifer • Angels: good Angel, evil Angel • Chorus

Part 2 The English Renaissance What? Faustus: a talented German scholar at Wittenburg magic—good & bad angels —devil Mephistophilis soul for 24 years of power, in blood— travel on dragon’s back, different places —tricks—repents

Part 2 The English Renaissance Result? • The Clock strikes eleven. Faustus gives a final, frenzied狂乱的 monologue, regretting his choices. At midnight the devils enter. • As Faustus begs God and the devil for mercy, the devils drag him away. Later, the Scholar friends find Faustus’ body, torn to pieces.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays 1. The spirit of the rising bourgeoisie: 1) eager curiosity for knowledge 2) towering(最大的)pride 3) insatiable(不知足的) appetite for power

Part 2 The English Renaissance Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays ambition desire for knowledge typical images of the era of the primitive accumulation of capital (原始资本积累) greed for wealth Manifesto of the Communist Party 　　《共产党宣言》

Part 2 The English Renaissance Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays 2. Themes 1)The praise of individuality 2)The conviction确信 of the boundless possibility of human efforts • Man’s reason and power is everything, which is the progressive side of the ideas of young bourgeoisie.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays 3. The heroes: • Those individualists (利己主义者) whose ambition often brings ruin to the world and sometimes to themselves. Barabas: greed—into a boiling cauldron

Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe’s Literary Achievement 1. Marlowe is the greatest of the pioneers of Blank verse is a verse form written in English drama. lines of usually ten syllables without rhyme. • Marlowe reformed drama, perfected ( 每行十个音节，不押韵。) language and verse. • Marlowe made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe’s Literary Achievement Pair Work How do you comment on Marlowe’s literary achievements?

Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe’s Literary Achievement 1. a living thing, vigorous, fluid and precise • rhythmical speech with happy exactness, interpreting the restlessly moving and questing spirit of the Renaissance • described as “titanic” and compared to “a swollen river , moving on majestically”

Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe’s Literary Achievement 2. Marlowe’s dramatic achievement lied chiefly in his epical(=epic), and at times lyrical verse. • He is famous for “mighty line”, which is forceful and plastic (有创造性的). • Marlowe’s popular lyric is The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Marlowe’s Literary Achievement Marlowe paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist, Shakespeare.

Part 2 The English Renaissance Assignment (5) 1. Comment on Christopher 2. Marlowe. 2. Comment on Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus. Back

Part 2 The English Renaissance Assignments 1. Literary Terms: 2. 1) humanism, 3. 2) Spenserian Stanza, 4. 3) blank verse 5. 4) allusion 2. Summary: Writing features of More and Spenser

Part 2 The English Renaissance Assignments 3. Pre-Reading： 1)《实践》pp. 74 -8. 2) 《简史》Shakespeare

Part 2 The English Renaissance Goodbye.