Why Study Solid State Physics Ideal Crystal An
- Slides: 71
Why Study Solid State Physics?
Ideal Crystal • An ideal crystal is a periodic array of structural units, such as atoms or molecules. • It can be constructed by the infinite repetition of these identical structural units in space. • Structure can be described in terms of a lattice, with a group of atoms attached to each lattice point. The group of atoms is the basis.
Bravais Lattice • An infinite array of discrete points with an arrangement and orientation that appears exactly the same, from any of the points the array is viewed from. • A three dimensional Bravais lattice consists of all points with position vectors R that can be written as a linear combination of primitive vectors. The expansion coefficients must be integers.
Crystal lattice: Proteins
Crystal Structure
Honeycomb: NOT Bravais
Honeycomb net: Bravais lattice with two point basis
Crystal structure: basis
Translation Vector T
Translation(a 1, a 2), Nontranslation Vectors(a 1’’’, a 2’’’)
Primitive Unit Cell • A primitive cell or primitive unit cell is a volume of space that when translated through all the vectors in a Bravais lattice just fills all of space without either overlapping itself or leaving voids. • A primitive cell must contain precisely one lattice point.
Fundamental Types of Lattices • Crystal lattices can be mapped into themselves by the lattice translations T and by various other symmetry operations. • A typical symmetry operation is that of rotation about an axis that passes through a lattice point. Allowed rotations of : 2 π, 2π/2, 2π/3, 2π/4, 2π/6 • (Note: lattices do not have rotation axes for 1/5, 1/7 …) times 2π
Five fold axis of symmetry cannot exist
Two Dimensional Lattices • There is an unlimited number of possible lattices, since there is no restriction on the lengths of the lattice translation vectors or on the angle between them. An oblique lattice has arbitrary a 1 and a 2 and is invariant only under rotation of π and 2 π about any lattice point.
Oblique lattice: invariant only under rotation of pi and 2 pi
Two Dimensional Lattices
Three Dimensional Lattice Types
Wigner-Seitz Primitive Cell: Full symmetry of Bravais Lattice
Conventional Cells
Cubic space lattices
Cubic lattices
BCC Structure
BCC Crystal
BCC Lattice
Primitive vectors BCC
Elements with BCC Structure
Summary: Bravais Lattices (Nets) in Two Dimensions
Escher loved two dimensional structures too
Summary: Fourteen Bravais Lattices in Three Dimensions
Fourteen Bravais Lattices …
FCC Structure
FCC lattice
Primitive Cell: FCC Lattice
FCC: Conventional Cell With Basis • We can also view the FCC lattice in terms of a conventional unit cell with a four point basis. • Similarly, we can view the BCC lattice in terms of a conventional unit cell with a two point basis.
Elements That Have FCC Structure
Simple Hexagonal Bravais Lattice
Primitive Cell: Hexagonal System
HCP Crystal
Hexagonal Close Packing
Hexagonal. Close. Packed HCP lattice is not a Bravais lattice, because orientation of the environment Of a point varies from layer to layer along the c-axis.
HCP: Simple Hexagonal Bravais With Basis of Two Atoms Per Point
Miller indices of lattice plane • The indices of a crystal plane (h, k, l) are defined to be a set of integers with no common factors, inversely proportional to the intercepts of the crystal plane along the crystal axes:
Indices of Crystal Plane
Indices of Planes: Cubic Crystal
001 Plane
110 Planes
111 Planes
Simple Crystal Structures • There are several crystal structures of common interest: sodium chloride, cesium chloride, hexagonal close-packed, diamond and cubic zinc sulfide. • Each of these structures have many different realizations.
Na. Cl Structure
Na. Cl Basis
Na. Cl Type Elements
Cs. Cl Structure
Cs. Cl Basis
Cs. Cl Basis
Ce. Cl Crystals
Diamond Crystal Structure
Zinc. Blende structure
Symmetry planes
The End: Chapter 1
Bravais Lattice: Two Definitions The expansion coefficients n 1, n 2, n 3 must be integers. The vectors a 1, a 2, a 3 are primitive vectors and span the lattice.
HCP Close Packing
HCP Close Packing
Close Packing 2
Close Packing 3
Close Packing 4
Close Packing 5
Na. Cl Basis
Close Packing of Spheres
- Crystalline solid
- Pictures
- Define solid state physics
- Magnetism in solid state physics
- Philip hofmann solid state physics
- Philip hofmann solid state physics
- Scope of solid state physics
- Polycrystalline solids
- Solid state physics
- Solid state physics
- Drude model solid state physics
- Solid state physics
- Physics
- Simulations for solid state physics
- Understanding solid state physics
- Philip hofmann solid state physics
- Nonliving solid with crystal like properties
- Structure of nacl
- Crystal state
- Amorphous vs crystalline
- Sample of solution
- Covalent molecular and covalent network
- Crystalline vs non crystalline
- Crystalline solid and amorphous solid
- Anisotropic meaning in chemistry
- When a solid completely penetrates another solid
- When a solid completely penetrates another solid
- Sifting mixture
- Dont ask why why why
- Partial vapour pressure
- From solid state to biophysics
- Difference between submerged and solid state fermentation
- Solid state rectifier circuit diagram
- Solid state electronic devices 7th solution chapter 4
- Te has preguntado alguna vez quién eres tu
- Characteristics of solid state
- Solid state reduction powder metallurgy
- Solid state electronic devices ppt
- Passive diathermy electrode
- Solid state diode definition
- Solid state marx generator
- 4 quadrant operation of induction motor
- Solid state power amplifier definition
- Ruhestromrelais
- Sublimation fusion
- Solid state power amplifier definition
- Solid state recorder side car asic
- Msc ssl
- Solid state welding wikipedia
- Why does it happen
- University physics with modern physics fifteenth edition
- Hl physics ia ideas
- Ideal gas equation
- R constant ideal gas law
- Emf equation of transformer
- Why are gases easy to compress?
- Why is heat energy needed to melt a solid
- Vce physics study design
- Physics chapter 21 study guide answers
- Chapter 7 study guide physics
- Chapter 11 energy and its conservation answers
- Physics semester 1 final exam study guide answers
- Chapter 4 assessment physics
- Webassign ttu
- Representing motion physics answers chapter 2
- Physics study group
- Vce physics practical investigation ideas
- State hooke's law in physics
- Igcse hooke's law
- Michigan state physics
- Hooke's law statement
- Hooke's law