Gases Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Ideal
![Gases Ideal Gas Law Gases Ideal Gas Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-1.jpg)
![Ideal Gas Law • Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms Ideal Gas Law • Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-2.jpg)
![Ideal Gas Law • An ideal gas can be characterized by three variables: absolute Ideal Gas Law • An ideal gas can be characterized by three variables: absolute](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-3.jpg)
![Kinetic Molecular Theory • The gas consists of very small particles, all with non-zero Kinetic Molecular Theory • The gas consists of very small particles, all with non-zero](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-4.jpg)
![Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law • at low temperatures (close to 0 K) Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law • at low temperatures (close to 0 K)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-5.jpg)
![Measuring Temperature • Fahrenheit (o. F): – based on the freezing and melting point Measuring Temperature • Fahrenheit (o. F): – based on the freezing and melting point](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-6.jpg)
![Converting between Celsius and Kelvin Example: K = o. C + 273 The melting Converting between Celsius and Kelvin Example: K = o. C + 273 The melting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-7.jpg)
![Symbolic Representation Ideal Gas Law PV = n. RT • n = number of Symbolic Representation Ideal Gas Law PV = n. RT • n = number of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-8.jpg)
![Ideal Gas Law Example #1 What volume is needed to store 0. 050 moles Ideal Gas Law Example #1 What volume is needed to store 0. 050 moles](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-9.jpg)
![Ideal Gas Law Example #2 What pressure will be exerted by 20. 16 g Ideal Gas Law Example #2 What pressure will be exerted by 20. 16 g](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-10.jpg)
![Gases Boyle’s Law Gases Boyle’s Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-11.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law • As the volume of a gas increases, the pressure decreases. – Boyle’s Law • As the volume of a gas increases, the pressure decreases. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-12.jpg)
![Symbolic Representation of Boyle’s Law As volume increases, pressure decreases Pressure and temperature are Symbolic Representation of Boyle’s Law As volume increases, pressure decreases Pressure and temperature are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-13.jpg)
![Units of Measuring Pressure • Many ways to measure pressure of a gas. – Units of Measuring Pressure • Many ways to measure pressure of a gas. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-14.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law Example #1 A balloon contains 20. 0 L of helium gas at Boyle’s Law Example #1 A balloon contains 20. 0 L of helium gas at](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-15.jpg)
![Boyle’s Law Example #2 A gas with a volume of 4. 00 L at Boyle’s Law Example #2 A gas with a volume of 4. 00 L at](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-16.jpg)
![Gases Charles’ Law Gases Charles’ Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-17.jpg)
![Charles’ Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases. – Charles’ Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-18.jpg)
![Symbolic Representation of Charles’ Law As temperature increases, volume increases Volume and temperature are Symbolic Representation of Charles’ Law As temperature increases, volume increases Volume and temperature are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-19.jpg)
![Charles’ Law Example #1 A balloon has a volume of 1. 00 L. The Charles’ Law Example #1 A balloon has a volume of 1. 00 L. The](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-20.jpg)
![Charles’ Law Example #2 Exactly 5. 00 L of air at -50. 0 o. Charles’ Law Example #2 Exactly 5. 00 L of air at -50. 0 o.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-21.jpg)
![Gases Gay Lussac’s Law Gases Gay Lussac’s Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-22.jpg)
![Gay-Lussac’s Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure increases. – Gay-Lussac’s Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure increases. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-23.jpg)
![Symbolic Representation of Gay-Lussac’s Law As temperature increases, pressure increases Pressure and temperature are Symbolic Representation of Gay-Lussac’s Law As temperature increases, pressure increases Pressure and temperature are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-24.jpg)
![Gay-Lussac’s Law Example #1 A sealed cylinder contains nitrogen gas at 9. 8 atm Gay-Lussac’s Law Example #1 A sealed cylinder contains nitrogen gas at 9. 8 atm](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-25.jpg)
![Gay-Lussac’s Law Example #2 The pressure in a car tire is 1. 95 atm Gay-Lussac’s Law Example #2 The pressure in a car tire is 1. 95 atm](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-26.jpg)
![Gases Avogadro’s Law Gases Avogadro’s Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-27.jpg)
![Avogadro’s Law • As the number of moles of a gas increases, the volume Avogadro’s Law • As the number of moles of a gas increases, the volume](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-28.jpg)
![Symbolic Representation of Avogadro’s Law As number of moles of gas increases, volume increases Symbolic Representation of Avogadro’s Law As number of moles of gas increases, volume increases](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-29.jpg)
![Gases Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures Gases Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-30.jpg)
![Partial Pressures What do you think the total pressure of the mixture below is? Partial Pressures What do you think the total pressure of the mixture below is?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-31.jpg)
![Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures “The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures “The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-32.jpg)
![Mole Fractions & Partial Pressures To determine the partial pressure of a gas… Mole Fractions & Partial Pressures To determine the partial pressure of a gas…](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-33.jpg)
![Mole Fraction Example A study of the effects of certain gases on plant growth Mole Fraction Example A study of the effects of certain gases on plant growth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-34.jpg)
![Gases Graham’s Law of Effusion Gases Graham’s Law of Effusion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-35.jpg)
![Effusion: the escape of gas through a small hole http: //www. chem. ufl. edu/~itl/2041_u Effusion: the escape of gas through a small hole http: //www. chem. ufl. edu/~itl/2041_u](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-36.jpg)
![Graham’s Law of Effusion http: //wpscms. pearsoncmg. com/wps/media/objects/3662/3750000/Aus_content_09/Fig 09 -18. jpg Graham’s Law of Effusion http: //wpscms. pearsoncmg. com/wps/media/objects/3662/3750000/Aus_content_09/Fig 09 -18. jpg](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-37.jpg)
![Graham’s Law of Effusion Graham’s Law of Effusion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-38.jpg)
![Graham’s Law of Effusion Example It takes 354 seconds for a sample of xenon Graham’s Law of Effusion Example It takes 354 seconds for a sample of xenon](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-39.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-40.jpg)
![Gases Molar Volume Gases Molar Volume](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-41.jpg)
![Molar Volume • At standard temp and pressure (STP) 1 mole of any gas Molar Volume • At standard temp and pressure (STP) 1 mole of any gas](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-42.jpg)
![Gases Gas Stoichiometry Gases Gas Stoichiometry](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-43.jpg)
![Gas Stoichiometry • Works just like stoichiometry we have used before – Write and Gas Stoichiometry • Works just like stoichiometry we have used before – Write and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-44.jpg)
![Gas Stoich Example #1 An excess of hydrogen gas reacts with 14. 0 g Gas Stoich Example #1 An excess of hydrogen gas reacts with 14. 0 g](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-45.jpg)
![Gas Stoich Example #2 How many liters of O 2(g) at STP are evolved Gas Stoich Example #2 How many liters of O 2(g) at STP are evolved](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-46.jpg)
- Slides: 46
![Gases Ideal Gas Law Gases Ideal Gas Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-1.jpg)
Gases Ideal Gas Law
![Ideal Gas Law Ideal gas a gas in which all collisions between atoms Ideal Gas Law • Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-2.jpg)
Ideal Gas Law • Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms or molecules – are perfectly elastic (no energy lost) – there are no intermolecular attractive forces • Think of an ideal gas as a collection of perfectly hard spheres which collide, but which otherwise do not interact with each other. Like billiards!
![Ideal Gas Law An ideal gas can be characterized by three variables absolute Ideal Gas Law • An ideal gas can be characterized by three variables: absolute](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-3.jpg)
Ideal Gas Law • An ideal gas can be characterized by three variables: absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T). • The relationship between them may be deduced from kinetic molecular theory.
![Kinetic Molecular Theory The gas consists of very small particles all with nonzero Kinetic Molecular Theory • The gas consists of very small particles, all with non-zero](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-4.jpg)
Kinetic Molecular Theory • The gas consists of very small particles, all with non-zero mass. • These molecules are in constant, random motion. The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with the walls of the container. • The collisions of gas particles with the walls of the container holding them are perfectly elastic. • The interactions among molecules are negligible. They exert no forces on one another except during collisions.
![Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law at low temperatures close to 0 K Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law • at low temperatures (close to 0 K)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-5.jpg)
Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law • at low temperatures (close to 0 K) – gas molecules have less kinetic energy (move around less) so they do attract each other • at high pressures (like many, many atm) – gas molecules are forced closer together so that the volume of the gas molecules becomes significant compared to the volume the gas occupies
![Measuring Temperature Fahrenheit o F based on the freezing and melting point Measuring Temperature • Fahrenheit (o. F): – based on the freezing and melting point](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-6.jpg)
Measuring Temperature • Fahrenheit (o. F): – based on the freezing and melting point of water • Celsius (o. C): – based on the freezing and melting point of water, but in base 10 • Kelvin (K): – based on the idea that at 0 Kelvin or absolute zero, atoms are NOT in motion
![Converting between Celsius and Kelvin Example K o C 273 The melting Converting between Celsius and Kelvin Example: K = o. C + 273 The melting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-7.jpg)
Converting between Celsius and Kelvin Example: K = o. C + 273 The melting point of mercury is -39 o. C. What is this temperature in Kelvin?
![Symbolic Representation Ideal Gas Law PV n RT n number of Symbolic Representation Ideal Gas Law PV = n. RT • n = number of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-8.jpg)
Symbolic Representation Ideal Gas Law PV = n. RT • n = number of moles of gas • R = universal gas constant = 0. 0821 L*atm/mol*K
![Ideal Gas Law Example 1 What volume is needed to store 0 050 moles Ideal Gas Law Example #1 What volume is needed to store 0. 050 moles](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-9.jpg)
Ideal Gas Law Example #1 What volume is needed to store 0. 050 moles of helium gas at 2. 00 atm and 400 K?
![Ideal Gas Law Example 2 What pressure will be exerted by 20 16 g Ideal Gas Law Example #2 What pressure will be exerted by 20. 16 g](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-10.jpg)
Ideal Gas Law Example #2 What pressure will be exerted by 20. 16 g of hydrogen gas in a 7. 5 L cylinder at 20 o. C?
![Gases Boyles Law Gases Boyle’s Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-11.jpg)
Gases Boyle’s Law
![Boyles Law As the volume of a gas increases the pressure decreases Boyle’s Law • As the volume of a gas increases, the pressure decreases. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-12.jpg)
Boyle’s Law • As the volume of a gas increases, the pressure decreases. – Temperature remains constant
![Symbolic Representation of Boyles Law As volume increases pressure decreases Pressure and temperature are Symbolic Representation of Boyle’s Law As volume increases, pressure decreases Pressure and temperature are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-13.jpg)
Symbolic Representation of Boyle’s Law As volume increases, pressure decreases Pressure and temperature are inversely proportional Pressure (atm) Volume (L) How is this represented in the form of an P V 1 1 equation? = P 2 V 2
![Units of Measuring Pressure Many ways to measure pressure of a gas Units of Measuring Pressure • Many ways to measure pressure of a gas. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-14.jpg)
Units of Measuring Pressure • Many ways to measure pressure of a gas. – Atmospheres (atm): force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the Earth’s atmosphere. – mm Hg (mm. Hg): pressure of 1 mm of mercury in a column of mercury – torr equal to 1 mm. Hg – Pascals (Pa) or kilopascals (k. Pa)
![Boyles Law Example 1 A balloon contains 20 0 L of helium gas at Boyle’s Law Example #1 A balloon contains 20. 0 L of helium gas at](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-15.jpg)
Boyle’s Law Example #1 A balloon contains 20. 0 L of helium gas at 1. 02 atm. The balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is only 0. 15 atm. What is the volume of the balloon at the higher altitude? Step #1: Qualitative Assessment of the Problem Step #2: Quantitative Assessment of the Problem
![Boyles Law Example 2 A gas with a volume of 4 00 L at Boyle’s Law Example #2 A gas with a volume of 4. 00 L at](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-16.jpg)
Boyle’s Law Example #2 A gas with a volume of 4. 00 L at a pressure of 2. 02 atm is allowed to expand to a volume of 12. 0 L. What is the pressure in the container if the temperature remains constant? Step #1: Qualitative Assessment of the Problem Step #2: Quantitative Assessment of the Problem
![Gases Charles Law Gases Charles’ Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-17.jpg)
Gases Charles’ Law
![Charles Law As the temperature of a gas increases the volume increases Charles’ Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-18.jpg)
Charles’ Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases. – Pressure remains constant
![Symbolic Representation of Charles Law As temperature increases volume increases Volume and temperature are Symbolic Representation of Charles’ Law As temperature increases, volume increases Volume and temperature are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-19.jpg)
Symbolic Representation of Charles’ Law As temperature increases, volume increases Volume and temperature are directly proportional Volume (L) Temperature (K) How is this represented in the form of an equation?
![Charles Law Example 1 A balloon has a volume of 1 00 L The Charles’ Law Example #1 A balloon has a volume of 1. 00 L. The](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-20.jpg)
Charles’ Law Example #1 A balloon has a volume of 1. 00 L. The temperature of the room where the balloon is located is 273 K. If the room is heated to 300 K, what happens to the volume of the balloon? Step #1: Qualitative Assessment of the Problem Step #2: Quantitative Assessment of the Problem
![Charles Law Example 2 Exactly 5 00 L of air at 50 0 o Charles’ Law Example #2 Exactly 5. 00 L of air at -50. 0 o.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-21.jpg)
Charles’ Law Example #2 Exactly 5. 00 L of air at -50. 0 o. C is warmed to 100. 0 o. C. What is the new volume of the air if the pressure remains constant? Step #1: Qualitative Assessment of the Problem Step #2: Quantitative Assessment of the Problem
![Gases Gay Lussacs Law Gases Gay Lussac’s Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-22.jpg)
Gases Gay Lussac’s Law
![GayLussacs Law As the temperature of a gas increases the pressure increases Gay-Lussac’s Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure increases. –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-23.jpg)
Gay-Lussac’s Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure increases. – Volume remains constant
![Symbolic Representation of GayLussacs Law As temperature increases pressure increases Pressure and temperature are Symbolic Representation of Gay-Lussac’s Law As temperature increases, pressure increases Pressure and temperature are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-24.jpg)
Symbolic Representation of Gay-Lussac’s Law As temperature increases, pressure increases Pressure and temperature are directly proportional Pressure (atm) Temperature (K) How is this represented in the form of an equation?
![GayLussacs Law Example 1 A sealed cylinder contains nitrogen gas at 9 8 atm Gay-Lussac’s Law Example #1 A sealed cylinder contains nitrogen gas at 9. 8 atm](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-25.jpg)
Gay-Lussac’s Law Example #1 A sealed cylinder contains nitrogen gas at 9. 8 atm and a temperature of 293 K. When the cylinder is left in the sun, the temperature of the gas increases to 323 K. What is the pressure of the gas in the cylinder? Step #1: Qualitative Assessment of the Problem Step #2: Quantitative Assessment of the Problem
![GayLussacs Law Example 2 The pressure in a car tire is 1 95 atm Gay-Lussac’s Law Example #2 The pressure in a car tire is 1. 95 atm](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-26.jpg)
Gay-Lussac’s Law Example #2 The pressure in a car tire is 1. 95 atm at 27 o. C. After a long drive, the pressure is 2. 22 atm. What is the temperature of the air in the tire? Assume that the volume is constant. Step #1: Qualitative Assessment of the Problem Step #2: Quantitative Assessment of the Problem
![Gases Avogadros Law Gases Avogadro’s Law](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-27.jpg)
Gases Avogadro’s Law
![Avogadros Law As the number of moles of a gas increases the volume Avogadro’s Law • As the number of moles of a gas increases, the volume](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-28.jpg)
Avogadro’s Law • As the number of moles of a gas increases, the volume increases. – Pressure and temperature remain constant
![Symbolic Representation of Avogadros Law As number of moles of gas increases volume increases Symbolic Representation of Avogadro’s Law As number of moles of gas increases, volume increases](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-29.jpg)
Symbolic Representation of Avogadro’s Law As number of moles of gas increases, volume increases Volume (L) Number of moles and volume are directly proportional n (number of moles) How is this represented in the form of an equation?
![Gases Daltons Law of Partial Pressures Gases Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-30.jpg)
Gases Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
![Partial Pressures What do you think the total pressure of the mixture below is Partial Pressures What do you think the total pressure of the mixture below is?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-31.jpg)
Partial Pressures What do you think the total pressure of the mixture below is?
![Daltons Law of Partial Pressures The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures “The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-32.jpg)
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures “The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the pressure that each would exert if it were present alone. ” (p. 410, your textbook) Each gas in a mixture behaves independently. So… Ptotal = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + …
![Mole Fractions Partial Pressures To determine the partial pressure of a gas Mole Fractions & Partial Pressures To determine the partial pressure of a gas…](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-33.jpg)
Mole Fractions & Partial Pressures To determine the partial pressure of a gas…
![Mole Fraction Example A study of the effects of certain gases on plant growth Mole Fraction Example A study of the effects of certain gases on plant growth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-34.jpg)
Mole Fraction Example A study of the effects of certain gases on plant growth requires a synthetic atmosphere composed of 1. 50 mol CO 2, 18. 0 mol O 2, and 80. 5 mol Ar. Calculate the partial pressure of O 2 if the total pressure of this atmosphere is 745 torr.
![Gases Grahams Law of Effusion Gases Graham’s Law of Effusion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-35.jpg)
Gases Graham’s Law of Effusion
![Effusion the escape of gas through a small hole http www chem ufl eduitl2041u Effusion: the escape of gas through a small hole http: //www. chem. ufl. edu/~itl/2041_u](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-36.jpg)
Effusion: the escape of gas through a small hole http: //www. chem. ufl. edu/~itl/2041_u 00/lectures/lec_d. html
![Grahams Law of Effusion http wpscms pearsoncmg comwpsmediaobjects36623750000Auscontent09Fig 09 18 jpg Graham’s Law of Effusion http: //wpscms. pearsoncmg. com/wps/media/objects/3662/3750000/Aus_content_09/Fig 09 -18. jpg](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-37.jpg)
Graham’s Law of Effusion http: //wpscms. pearsoncmg. com/wps/media/objects/3662/3750000/Aus_content_09/Fig 09 -18. jpg
![Grahams Law of Effusion Graham’s Law of Effusion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-38.jpg)
Graham’s Law of Effusion
![Grahams Law of Effusion Example It takes 354 seconds for a sample of xenon Graham’s Law of Effusion Example It takes 354 seconds for a sample of xenon](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-39.jpg)
Graham’s Law of Effusion Example It takes 354 seconds for a sample of xenon to effuse through a small hole. Under the same conditions, how long will it take nitrogen to effuse?
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-40.jpg)
![Gases Molar Volume Gases Molar Volume](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-41.jpg)
Gases Molar Volume
![Molar Volume At standard temp and pressure STP 1 mole of any gas Molar Volume • At standard temp and pressure (STP) 1 mole of any gas](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-42.jpg)
Molar Volume • At standard temp and pressure (STP) 1 mole of any gas occupies 22. 4 L 1 mole = 22. 4 L (use this as a conversion factor) Example: How many liters will 48. 6 grams of CO 2 occupy at STP?
![Gases Gas Stoichiometry Gases Gas Stoichiometry](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-43.jpg)
Gases Gas Stoichiometry
![Gas Stoichiometry Works just like stoichiometry we have used before Write and Gas Stoichiometry • Works just like stoichiometry we have used before – Write and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-44.jpg)
Gas Stoichiometry • Works just like stoichiometry we have used before – Write and balance the equation first! – Start with your known value and use dimensional analysis to find your unknown quantity – don’t forget the molar ratios! – Remember: 1 mole of any gas = 22. 4 L
![Gas Stoich Example 1 An excess of hydrogen gas reacts with 14 0 g Gas Stoich Example #1 An excess of hydrogen gas reacts with 14. 0 g](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-45.jpg)
Gas Stoich Example #1 An excess of hydrogen gas reacts with 14. 0 g of nitrogen gas to produce ammonia (NH 3). How many liters of ammonia are produced at STP?
![Gas Stoich Example 2 How many liters of O 2g at STP are evolved Gas Stoich Example #2 How many liters of O 2(g) at STP are evolved](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/12901c50df64b40267c292bc905cf9c2/image-46.jpg)
Gas Stoich Example #2 How many liters of O 2(g) at STP are evolved when 3. 25 g of KNO 3(s) decomposes to KNO 2(s) and O 2 (g) ?
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