THE TEXAS INDIANS The Plains Region COMANCHE LOCATION

THE TEXAS INDIANS The Plains Region

COMANCHE

LOCATION –Plains of Texas –Panhandle into central Texas

LIFE-STYLE n. Nomadic n. Warriors –Most feared –Many enemies

SHELTER n. Teepees

MAIN FOODS nbuffalo

APPEARENCE n. Fancy tattoos n. Bright colors n. Braided hair n. Men wore buffalo headdresses

ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN n. War chief – best rider and fighter n. Peace chief – older male who was recognized in battle

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n. Expert horse riders n. Scalped enemies – –To keep enemies’ soul from the after life

Scalping

KIOWAS

LOCATION –Far east side of the Panhandle

LIFE-STYLE n. Nomadic n. Allies to Comanche

SHELTER n. Teepees

MAIN FOODS n. Hunted –Buffalo, elk, antelope, deer, bear

APPEARENCE n. Decorated with feathers

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n. SUNDANCE –mid June –To prevent sickness and disaster

LIPAN APACHES

LOCATION –Southwest Plains

LIFE-STYLE n. Nomadic n. Warriors n. Expert with Bow and Arrow

SHELTER n. Teepees

MAIN FOODS n. Buffalo n. Gardening –Corn, beans, squash

APPEARENCE n. Decorated with feathers n. Pierced left ear (6 -8 times) n. Hair –Left short –Right Long

ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN n. Women – liked to garden –Great respect for women

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n. Expert horse riders n. Feared death –Buried their dead quickly n. Buried with possessions

MESCALERO APACHES

LOCATION –Far west Texas • Mountains

LIFE-STYLE n. Nomadic n. Irrigation farming like the Pueblo Indians.

SHELTER n. Teepees

MAIN FOODS n. Depended less on Buffalo

TONKAWAS

LOCATION –North central plains

LIFE-STYLE n. Nomadic n. Enemy of the Comanche

MAIN FOODS n. Buffalo n. Gardening n Fish, deer, birds, rabbits, turtle, snakes, nuts, and fruits

APPEARENCE n. Some men tattooed entire body

THE TEXAS INDIANS Southeastern Region

CADDOES

LOCATION –Northeast Texas

LIFE-STYLE n Richest and most advanced n Friendly n Willing and smart traders n farmers

SHELTER n. Sturdy homes (domes)

MAIN FOODS n. Corn n. Beans n. Squash n. Sunflower seeds

ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN n. Men helped women grow crops n. Women had a voice in Government n. Women treated with dignity and respect

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n Crop rotation n Trotline n Beautiful pottery n “Texas” comes from the Caddoe word for “friend”

ATAKAPANS

LOCATION –Galveston Island to the Sabine River

LIFE-STYLE n. Farmers

MAIN FOODS n Corn n Farming – Not as advanced as the Caddoes n Wild game, nuts, berries, fish, and alligators

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n. Used alligator fat to keep off mosquitoes

WICHITAS

LOCATION –Along Red River

LIFE-STYLE n. Lived along creeks and Rivers n. Enemy of the Comanche

SHELTER n. Domes

MAIN FOODS n. Corn, squash, beans n. Hunted Buffalo n. Did not eat fish

APPEARENCE n. Tattooed bodies

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n. Raccoon eye tattoos on face

THE TEXAS INDIANS The Western Gulf

KARANKAWA

LOCATION –Galveston to Corpus Christi

LIFE-STYLE n. Expert with bow and arrow hunting animals and fishing n. Nomadic

SHELTER n. Wooden Hut and Teepees

MAIN FOODS n. Oyster, Clams, Scallops, and Turtle

APPEARENCE n. Beautiful women n. Tall/muscular men n. Pierced chest and lips n. Brightly painted bodies –No clothes

ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN n Women homes took down and set up

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n Used dugout trees for canoes n Gave children special treatment n Rubbed on alligator fat to keep off mosquitoes n Cannibals!

COAHUILTECAN

LOCATION –South Texas

MAIN FOODS n Gathered food from land n Cacti, nuts, spiders, snakes, lizards, and grub worms

APPEARENCE n. Strong: known for endurance

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n Mitotes – All night celebrations

THE TEXAS INDIANS Pueblo

JUMANO

LOCATION –West Texas Along Rio Grande

LIFE-STYLE n. Able to survive in very dry climate.

SHELTER n. Adobe Homes –good insulation in winter and summer

MAIN FOODS n. Farmed –Corn, squash, beans n. Small game

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n. Irrigation ditches n Allies of the Apache

Tiguas

LOCATION –West Texas & Big Bend Area

MAIN FOODS n. Farmers n. Corn is main crop n. Men hunt small animals in area.

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS n Famous for their beautiful pottery n 1 st Spanish Mission was built for the Tiguas n Still in Texas

ME SC AL ER LIPO AN AP A CH ES Tiguas LOCATION OF TEXAS INDIAN TRIBES