STANDARDS 11 1 Students analyze the significant events

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STANDARD(S): 11. 1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation.

STANDARD(S): 11. 1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1. 2. 3. Explain how the United States confronted the difficult task of forming a new government. Summarize America’s developing foreign policy with France, Great Britain, and Spain. Identify some of the deep divisions between Federalists and Republicans.

Section 4 Launching the Nation With George Washington as its first president, the United

Section 4 Launching the Nation With George Washington as its first president, the United States begins creating a working government for its new nation. NEXT

The US Constitution

The US Constitution

SECTION 4 Launching the Nation Washington Heads the New Government Judiciary Act of 1789

SECTION 4 Launching the Nation Washington Heads the New Government Judiciary Act of 1789 • Judiciary Act of 1789—federal courts are superior to state courts Continued. . . NEXT

Government Organization • One of Washington’s first tasks was to create a judicial system

Government Organization • One of Washington’s first tasks was to create a judicial system – Judiciary Act 1789 set up our justice system • Set up federal court system, • Established federal Circuit courts, and district courts • Allows state courts decisions to be appealed to federal courts

SECTION 4 Launching the Nation Washington Heads the New Government Washington Shapes the Executive

SECTION 4 Launching the Nation Washington Heads the New Government Washington Shapes the Executive Branch • Congress creates three executive departments to help president govern • Thomas Jefferson heads Department of State, foreign affairs • Henry Knox heads Department of War, military matters • Alexander Hamilton heads Department of Treasury, finances • Cabinet—these department heads become Continued. . . president’s chief advisors NEXT

LAUNCHING THE NEW NATION • The hero of the Revolution was the unanimous choice

LAUNCHING THE NEW NATION • The hero of the Revolution was the unanimous choice for the nation’s first president • Washington took office under the Constitution and with the Congress • He faced an enormous task of creating a new government America’s First President

Government Organization 1. What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish? Set up the

Government Organization 1. What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish? Set up the federal court system; established federal circuit and district courts; allowed state court decisions involving the federal Constitution to be appealed to a federal court

Government Organization • Washington created 3 cabinet executive positions: – Secretary of State: Thomas

Government Organization • Washington created 3 cabinet executive positions: – Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of War: Henry Knox – Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton

Government Organization 2. What departments did Washington create and whom did he appoint to

Government Organization 2. What departments did Washington create and whom did he appoint to head them? State, headed by Thomas Jefferson; War, headed by Henry Knox; and Treasury, headed by Alexander Hamilton

SECTION 4 continued Washington Heads the New Government Hamilton and Jefferson: Two Conflicting Visions

SECTION 4 continued Washington Heads the New Government Hamilton and Jefferson: Two Conflicting Visions • Jefferson favors weak central government and farming economy • Hamilton favors strong central government and commercial economy Continued. . . NEXT

Philosophies of Government • Differences within Washington’s cabinet gave rise to a Two. Party

Philosophies of Government • Differences within Washington’s cabinet gave rise to a Two. Party System

Philosophies of Government • How did Jefferson feel about political power and the common

Philosophies of Government • How did Jefferson feel about political power and the common people? – Jefferson distrusted centralized power – Jefferson trusted the common people

Philosophies of Government • How did Hamilton feel about political power and the common

Philosophies of Government • How did Hamilton feel about political power and the common people? – He favored centralized power – Distrusted common people

Philosophies of Government 3. How did Jefferson feel 4. How did Hamilton feel about

Philosophies of Government 3. How did Jefferson feel 4. How did Hamilton feel about political power and the common people? Distrusted centralized power; trusted the common people Favored centralized power; distrusted the common people

SECTION 4 continued Washington Heads the New Government Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Hamilton wants

SECTION 4 continued Washington Heads the New Government Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Hamilton wants to pay off national debts from the Revolution • He also wants a national bank to print money, handle taxes • James Madison and others say government lacks power to create bank • Hamilton favors loose, Madison strict Continued. . . interpretation of Constitution NEXT

2 -4 Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Hamilton wanted a National Bank fully funded by

2 -4 Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Hamilton wanted a National Bank fully funded by the Government • Opponents, like James Madison, felt the Constitution made no provisions for such a Federal bank • Thus begins a long battle between those who interpret the Constitution loosely vs. strictly

Philosophies of Government • Why did Hamilton support the national bank? – He believed

Philosophies of Government • Why did Hamilton support the national bank? – He believed it helped to organize & stabilize the nation’s fiannces – Tie wealthy investors to the nation’s success

Philosophies of Government • Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose the national bank? –

Philosophies of Government • Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose the national bank? – He believed it was UNCONSTITUTIO NAL

5. Why did Jefferson and 6. Why did Hamilton Madison oppose the support the

5. Why did Jefferson and 6. Why did Hamilton Madison oppose the support the national bank? Believed it was unconstitutional Believed it would help to organize and stabilize the nation's finances; believed it would tie wealthy investors to the nation's success

SECTION 4 continued Washington Heads the New Government The First Political Parties • Two-party

SECTION 4 continued Washington Heads the New Government The First Political Parties • Two-party system—two political groups within the government • Federalists favor Hamilton, want strong central government • Democratic-Republicans favor Jefferson, want strong state governments NEXT

Party Politics • Jefferson established the first political party. – Anti-Federalist • Democratic. Republicans

Party Politics • Jefferson established the first political party. – Anti-Federalist • Democratic. Republicans

Party Politics • Hamilton established the first political party. – Federalist

Party Politics • Hamilton established the first political party. – Federalist

Party Politics • Which region in general supported the Federalist? – Supported by Northerners

Party Politics • Which region in general supported the Federalist? – Supported by Northerners • Hamilton was a staunch Federalist, • Hamilton believed in commerce & industry, while

Party Politics • Which region in general supported the Anti-Federalists? – Supported by Southerners

Party Politics • Which region in general supported the Anti-Federalists? – Supported by Southerners • Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist • Jefferson believed in a society of farmercitizens

2 -4 A Hamilton Vs. Jefferson • How did Jefferson and Hamilton’s views of

2 -4 A Hamilton Vs. Jefferson • How did Jefferson and Hamilton’s views of govt differ? – Hamilton was a staunch Federalist, while Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist – Hamilton believed in commerce & industry, while – Jefferson believed in a society of farmer-citizens

Party Politics 7. To which party did Jefferson belong? 8. To which party did

Party Politics 7. To which party did Jefferson belong? 8. To which party did Hamilton belong? Democratic Republican Federalist

9. Which region in general supported the Federalists? The Democratic-Republicans? Federalist support Northerners; Democratic

9. Which region in general supported the Federalists? The Democratic-Republicans? Federalist support Northerners; Democratic Republican support Southerners

SECTION 4 continued Washington Heads the New Government The Whiskey Rebellion • Protective tariff—import

SECTION 4 continued Washington Heads the New Government The Whiskey Rebellion • Protective tariff—import tax to encourage American production • An excise tax levied on whiskey angers whiskey producers • Pennsylvania producers attack tax collectors; federal militia responds NEXT

2 -4 WHISKEY REBELLION • During Washington’s 2 nd term in office (1794), Whiskey

2 -4 WHISKEY REBELLION • During Washington’s 2 nd term in office (1794), Whiskey farmers, angered by an excessive tax, attacked tax collectors • Washington responded with great force (13, 000 troops) • Set precedent for armed force to support federal authority – (Federalist) • Contrast with Shay Rebellion.

 • Why did the United States want to access to the Mississippi River?

• Why did the United States want to access to the Mississippi River? • Travel and trade were difficult on the frontier and the Mississippi offered the easiest means of transportation for frontier and merchants.

SECTION 4 Challenges at Home and Abroad Addressing Foreign Affairs • French monarchy overthrown

SECTION 4 Challenges at Home and Abroad Addressing Foreign Affairs • French monarchy overthrown (1789); France at war with Britain (1793) • Federalists support Britain, Democratic. Republicans support France • Washington keeps country neutral and warns against alliances NEXT

LOUIS XVI BEHEADED

LOUIS XVI BEHEADED

SECTION 4 Challenges at Home and Abroad Challenges in the Northwest • Battle of

SECTION 4 Challenges at Home and Abroad Challenges in the Northwest • Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) U. S. military defeats Native Americans NEXT

The Battle of Fallen Timbers • (August 20, 1794) was the final battle of

The Battle of Fallen Timbers • (August 20, 1794) was the final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between American Indian tribes affiliated with the Western Confederacy, including minor support from the British, against the United States for control of the Northwest Territory – (an area bounded on the south by the Ohio River, on the west by the Mississippi River, and on the northeast by the Great Lakes). – The battle, which was a decisive victory for the United States, ended major hostilities in the region until Tecumseh's War and the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.

SECTION 4 Challenges at Home and Abroad Jay’s Treaty • British evacuate Northwest Territory

SECTION 4 Challenges at Home and Abroad Jay’s Treaty • British evacuate Northwest Territory posts but continue fur trade • Did not settle Caribbean trade dispute; treaty barely passes Senate NEXT

Jay's Treaty • A 1795 treaty between the United States and the Great Britain

Jay's Treaty • A 1795 treaty between the United States and the Great Britain that is credited with averting war, resolving issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783 (which ended the American Revolution), and facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792.

SECTION 4 Adams Provokes Criticism Parties and Sectionalism • Federalist John Adams becomes president

SECTION 4 Adams Provokes Criticism Parties and Sectionalism • Federalist John Adams becomes president • Democratic-Republican Jefferson becomes vice-president Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 4 Adams Provokes Criticism Adams Tries to Avoid War • France seizes U.

SECTION 4 Adams Provokes Criticism Adams Tries to Avoid War • France seizes U. S. ships to retaliate for U. S. treaty with Britain • XYZ Affair—low-level French officials demand bribe from Americans • U. S. and France seize each other’s ships; Adams rejects war Continued. . . NEXT

2 -4 C AFFAIR XYZ • Why did the French begin to seize US

2 -4 C AFFAIR XYZ • Why did the French begin to seize US ships? – In retaliation for US-British agreement over the Northwest Territory, Which France regarded as a violation of the USFrench alliance of 1778. – Adams sends official to France, 3 low level French ministers ask for a bribe, thus the xyz affair. – Next two years an undeclared naval war between France & U. S. was waged

SECTION 4 continued Adams Provokes Criticism The Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists curb

SECTION 4 continued Adams Provokes Criticism The Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists curb critics of government, pass Alien and Sedition Acts: - restrict citizenship, free speech; aimed at Democratic-Republicans - raise residency requirements, allow jailing or deportation - allow jailing or fining people expressing antigovernment views NEXT

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS • To counter what he considered a threat against the

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS • To counter what he considered a threat against the government, Adams passed through Congress the Alien and Sedition Acts – Alien Act raised residence requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years and allowed President to deport anyone – Sedition Act set fines & jail for anyone making false statements against the government

SECTION 4 continued Adams Provokes Criticism Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Jefferson, Madison organize

SECTION 4 continued Adams Provokes Criticism Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Jefferson, Madison organize state opposition in Kentucky, Virginia • Nullification—when a state invalidates laws it deems unconstitutional NEXT

STATES ATTEMPT TO NULLIFY ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS • Nullification: a state could nullify,

STATES ATTEMPT TO NULLIFY ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS • Nullification: a state could nullify, ignore, or consider void, any act of Congress they deemed unconstitutional • In an event that would foreshadow future conflicts, two Southern States • James Madison and Thomas Jefferson wrote the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions: asserted the principle of nullification