Endocrine System Medical Terminology Chapter 17 10 501

Endocrine System Medical Terminology Chapter 17 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 1

Function n The endocrine system cooperates with the nervous system to regulate body activities. This is accomplished by endocrine hormones that affect various processes throughout the body, such as growth, metabolism, and secretions from other organs. 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 2

Anatomy and Physiology The endocrine and nervous systems work together to maintain homeostasis n Homeostasis is a relative constancy in the internal environment of the body n Nervous system communicates with the endocrine system through nerve impulses. n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 3

Anatomy and Physiology Endo – inside n Crine – to secrete n Endocrine System composed of : n Many glands scattered throughout the body n Glands secrete hormones (chemicals) into the blood stream n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 4

Anatomy and Physiology n n n A gland is an organ that has specialized cells that secrete or excrete substances that are not related to the gland’s ordinary metabolism Endocrine Secrete hormones into the bloodstream Exocrine Have ducts that enable them to empty secretions onto an internal body surface (sweat gland) 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 5

Anatomy and Physiology Dysfunction in hormone production n Hypersecretion n Excess secretion n Hyposecretion n Deficiency in secretion n n Target organ 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 6

Anatomy and Physiology Hormones n Proteins n Steroids n n n 10 -501 -101 Sex hormones Those secreted by the adrenal cortex Medical Terminology 7

Anatomy and Physiology Location of endocrine glands n Pituitary gland (Hypophysis) n n n Adrenal gland n n Base of the brain Above the two kidneys (suprarenal) Ovaries and testes n 10 -501 -101 Pelvic region Medical Terminology 8

Anatomy and Physiology n n Location of endocrine glands (cont. ) Pineal gland (shaped like a pine cone) n n Thyroid n n Front of the neck Parathyroid n n Posterior part of the brain Embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland Pancreas (Islet of Langerhans) n 10 -501 -101 ULQ abdomen Medical Terminology 9

Anatomy and Physiology Key Word Parts Aden(o) n Gland n Adren(o), adrenal(o) n Adrenal gland n Gonad(o) n Gonad n Mamm(o), mast(o) n Breast n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 10

Anatomy and Physiology Key Word Parts Pancreat(o) n Pancreas n Parathyriod(o) n Parathyroid glands n Pituitar(o) n Pituitary gland n Thyr(o), thyroid(o) n Thyroid gland n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 11

Anatomy and Physiology Key Word Parts Andr(o) n Male or masculine n Calc(i) n Calcium n Gigant(o) n Large n Gluc(o) n Glucose n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 12

Anatomy and Physiology Key Word Parts n n n Glyc(o), glycos(o) Sugar Insulin(o) Insulin Iod(o) Iodine Ket(o) Ketone Lact(o) Milk Trop(o) To stimulate 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 13

Anatomy and Physiology Key Word Parts n n n n n -crine Secrete -dipsia Thirst -physis Growth -tropic Stimulating -tropin That which stimulates 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 14

Anatomy and Physiology n n n Pituitary Supplies numerous hormones that act directly on cells or stimulates other glands that govern many vital processes. Hypophysis cerebri (under the cerebrum) Some hormones released in response to the nervous system Many endocrine glands respond to hormones secreted by the pituitary gland The Master Gland 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 15

Anatomy and Physiology n Posterior pituitary n n n Neurohypophysis Hormones stored in axon endings and are released when a nerve impulse travels down the axon Anterior pituitary n n Adenohypophysis Release of hormones is controlled by regulating hormones produced by the hypothalamus 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 16

Anatomy and Physiology n Posterior pituitary hormones n n Kidneys Breasts Uterus Anterior pituitary hormones n Many hormones, several of which act on other endocrine glands causing them to secrete hormones 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 17

Anatomy and Physiology Hypothalamus (Neurohypophysis) n Plays an important role in hormonal regulation n Antidiuretic hormone n Oxytocin n Synthesized in the hypothalamus n Transported to the neurohypophysis for storage n Released through nervous stimulation n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 18

Anatomy and Physiology Antidiuretic hormone n Affects the volume of urine secreted n Acts on the kidneys to reabsorb water from the urine, producing concentrated urine n Absence of this hormone results in passage of large amounts of dilute urine n Tea, coffee, and water act as diuretics n Diuretics prescribed for people with edema n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 19

Anatomy and Physiology Oxytocin n Released in large quantities just before a female gives birth n Causes uterine contractions n Acts on mammary glands to stimulate the release of milk n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 20

Anatomy and Physiology Adenohypophysis n Regulated by the hypothalamus which produces regulatory and inhibitory hormones which stimulate or inhibit the secretion of hormones n Hormones travel through the bloodstream and bring about changes in other organs, often another endocrine gland n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 21

Anatomy and Physiology n Growth hormone (GH), Somatotropin (STH) n n Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) n n Stimulates body growth Promotes pigmentation and controls the amount of melanin produced Lactogenic Hormone (LTH), prolactin n Causes milk production by the mammary glands 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 22

Anatomy and Physiology n Gonadotropic hormones n n n Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Lutenizing hormone (LH) Stimulate the ovaries and testes 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 23

Anatomy and Physiology n Adrenal gland – medulla n n Adrenal gland – cortex n n Receives direct nervous stimulation Stimulated by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) brought by the circulating blood Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin n Causes the glandular cells of the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 24

Anatomy and Physiology n n Thyroid Regulates body metabolism, normal growth and development, and the storage of calcium in bone tissue Thyroxine, T 4 Triiodothyronine, T 3 n n n Synthesized by the thyroid using iodine Thyrocalcitonin (TCT), calcitonin Homeostasis of the blood calcium level 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 25

Anatomy and Physiology Mammary glands n Milk producing glands of the breast n Each breast contains 15 to 20 lobes of glandular tissue that surround the nipple n Lactogenesis n n n Production of milk Lactation n Secretion or ejecting of milk 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 26

Anatomy and Physiology Tactile stimulation of the nipple n Impulses from the nipple go to the hypothalamus n Hypothalamus stimulates the release of oxytocin by the pituitary gland n Causes contractions that eject milk from the breast n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 27

Anatomy and Physiology n n n Gonadotropic Stimulating the gonads FSH n n n Stimulates the ovaries to secrete estrogen and acts on the follicle Stimulates the production of sperm in the testes LH n n Stimulates ovulation and production of progesterone in the female ovary promotes the growth of the interstitial cells of the testes and the secretion of testosterone 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 28

Anatomy and Physiology n n Reproduction becomes possible during puberty Onset is triggered by the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary Male sex hormones, androgens (mostly testosterone) Ovaries n n Estrogen Testes n Testosterone 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 29

Anatomy and Physiology Adrenal glands n Outer cortex n n n Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone) Androgens and estrogens Inner medulla n n Epinephrine Norepinephrine 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 30

Anatomy and Physiology n Mineralocorticoids n n Glucocorticoids n n Increases water retention by changing sodium and potassium reabsorption in the kidney tubules Increases blood glucose levels; inhibits inflammation and the immune response Androgens and estrogens n Secreted in small amounts that the effect is generally masked by ovarian and testicular hormones 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 31

Anatomy and Physiology Andr(o) n Male or masculine n Androgenic n Producing masculine characteristics n n Masculine characteristics in females may become apparent after menopause 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 32

Anatomy and Physiology Adrenal Medulla n Epinephrine (adrenaline) n n n Stimulates the heart Norepinephrine n Blood vessel constrict Together they prepare the body for strenuous activity n Fight or flight hormones n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 33

Anatomy and Physiology Pineal gland n Exact functions have not been established n Evidence that it secretes melatonin n Diminishes around the age of 7 n Melatonin n n Regulatory function in sexual development Influence the sleepiness/wakefulness cycle and mood Decrease in skin pigmentation 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 34

Anatomy and Physiology n n Homeostasis Direct nervous stimulation n n Secretion of hormones in response to other hormones n n Adrenal medulla TSH from anterior pituitary causes the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormones A negative feedback mechanism n Interaction between pancreatic hormones and the concentration of glucose in the blood 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 35

Anatomy and Physiology Pancreas n Exocrine n Secretes digestive enzymes that are carried through a duct to the duodenum n Endocrine n Secretes hormones into the blood n n n Glucagon Insulin 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 36

Anatomy and Physiology n Glucagon n n Increase blood glucose levels Secreted in response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood Prevents hypoglycemia (less then normal amount of sugar in the blood Insulin n n Promotes the uptake and utilization of glucose for energy Secreted in response to a high concentration of glucose in the blood 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 37

Anatomy and Physiology n Parathyroid n n n Secretes parathyroid hormone Increases blood calcium levels Antagonistic to calcitonin secreted by the thyroid gland 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 38

Anatomy and Physiology n Stomach n n n Small intestines n n Thymosin Heart n n Stimulate the pancreas and gallbladder Thymus n n Gastrin Pepsin Atria produces atriopeptin Placenta n HCG, estrogen, progesterone 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 39

Anatomy and Physiology Prostaglandins n Localized, immediate, and short term effect on or near the cells where they are produced n n Smooth muscle contractions Involvement in blood clotting Many aspects of pain and fever 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 40

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures Palpation n Only thyroid and male gonads can be palpated n Assessed for: n n n 10 -501 -101 Enlargement Bulging Difference in size Checked for masses Medical Terminology 41

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures n Physical indications of endocrine disorders n n n 10 -501 -101 Unusually tall or short stature Coarseness of facial features Edema Hair loss Excessive facial hair in females Medical Terminology 42

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures Laboratory studies n Urine tests n Blood tests n n 10 -501 -101 Growth hormone Gonadotropins (FSH and LH) Other hormones Medical Terminology 43

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures n n n MRI Identify tumors involving the pituitary gland or hypothalamus Thyroid function n n 10 -501 -101 TSH Thyroxine T 3 Radioactive iodine uptake Thyroid scans Medical Terminology 44

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures n Parathyroid n n n PTH Calcium Phosphate ACTH Computed Tomography (CT) n 10 -501 -101 Tumors of adrenal gland Medical Terminology 45

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures Pancreatic function n Blood tests n n n Fasting blood sugar (FBS) Glycosylated hemoglobin Hb. A 1 C Oral glucose tolerance test Urine tests n n 10 -501 -101 Sugar – glycosuria Ketones – ketonuria Medical Terminology 46

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures Computed Tomography (CT) n To identify pancreatic tumors or cysts n Breasts n n 10 -501 -101 Self breast examination Mammography Mammogram Medical Terminology 47

Pathologies Adenopathy n Any disease of a gland n Pituitary dysfunction n 10 -501 -101 Hyposecretion Hypersecretion Medical Terminology 48

Pathologies n Diabetes insipidus n n n Deficiency of ADH Polyuria Polydipsia Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) n Usually develops in association with other diseases n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 49

Pathologies Hypopituitarism n Decreased activity of the pituitary gland n Deficient in one or more pituitary hormones n Insufficient growth hormone in childhood n Dwarfism n Deficiency in somatotropin n Pituitary dwarfism n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 50

Pathologies Adult atrophy of the pituitary gland n State of ill health n Malnutrition n Wasting (pituitary cachexia) n Hyperpituitarism n Increased pituitary activity n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 51

Pathologies n n n n Overproduction of growth hormone during childhood Gigantism Hypersecretion of somatotropin Pituitary gigantism Adult excessive growth hormone Acromegaly Enlargement of the extremities 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 52

Pathologies Thyropathy n Any disease of the thyroid gland n Inflammation n Enlargement n Hyposecretion n Hypersecretion n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 53

Pathologies n n n Thyroiditis Inflammation of the thyroid Hyperthyroidism n n n 10 -501 -101 Excitable, nervous Moist skin Rapid pulse Increased metabolic rate Weight loss Exophthalmos Medical Terminology 54

Pathologies n Graves’ disease n n Hyperthyroidism Exophthalmos Goiter Thyrotoxicosis (Thyroid storm) n n n 10 -501 -101 Fever Fast pulse Hypertension Gastrointestinal symptoms Agitation Anxiety Medical Terminology 55

Pathologies Hypothyroidism n Decreased activity of the thyroid gland n n Childhood (Cretinism) Arrested physical and mental development Myxedema n n n 10 -501 -101 Adult hyposecretion of thyroxin and T 3 Water retention Edema Medical Terminology 56

Pathologies n Hypoparathyroidism n n n Below normal level of parathyroid function Hypocalcemia Hyperparathyroidism n n 10 -501 -101 Abnormally increased activity of the parathyroid Hypercalcemia Medical Terminology 57

Pathologies Hypogonadism n Decreased functional activity of the gonads n Adrenopathy n Any disease of the adrenals n Adrenomegaly n Enlargement of one or both adrenals n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 58

Pathologies Hyperadrenalism n Increased secretory activity of the adrenals n Cushing’s syndrome – hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex n n 10 -501 -101 Increased blood glucose levels Edema Masculinization in female individuals Medical Terminology 59

Pathologies n n n Hypersecretion of androgens or estrogens before puberty Androgenital syndrome Males n n Rapid onset of puberty and sex drive Females n 10 -501 -101 Masculine distribution of body hair develops and the clitoris enlarges and takes on the appearance of a penis Medical Terminology 60

Pathologies Hirsutism n Excessive growth and male distribution of body hair in the female n Andropathy n Any disease peculiar to the male gender n Gynecomastia n Excessive growth of male mammary glands n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 61

Pathologies Hypoadrenalism n Decreased adrenal activity n Hyposecretion n No significant effect n Hypersecretion n Continued fight or flight mode n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 62

Pathologies Addison’s disease n Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex n n n 10 -501 -101 Dehydration Low blood glucose levels Bronzing of the skin General ill health Medical Terminology 63

Pathologies Pancreatic cancer n Pancreatitis n Inflammation of the pancreas n Hypoinsulinism n Deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 64

Pathologies n Diabetes Mellitus n n Resistance to insulin Deficiency or complete lack of insulin secretion Hyperglycemia n Greater than normal blood glucose level n n 10 -501 -101 Polyphagia Polyuria Polydipsia Medical Terminology 65

Pathologies n Diabetes Mellitus n n n 10 -501 -101 Type I Type 2 Gestational Medical Terminology 66

Pathologies n Type I n n n Type 2 n n n Genetically determined Absolute insulin deficiency Genetic and environmental contributing factors Aging, obesity Gestational n n 10 -501 -101 Recognized during pregnancy Disappears after birth Medical Terminology 67

Pathologies Complications of Diabetes n Diabetic neuropathy n Heart disease n Diabetic nephropathy n Diabetic retinopathy n Peripheral vascular disease n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 68

Pathologies Hyperinsulinism n Excessive insulin in the blood n Hyperinsulinism results in hypoglycemia n Hypoglycemia n Below normal blood glucose level n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 69

Pathologies n n n n Mammalgia Mastodynia Mastalgia Breast pain Fibrocystic breast disease Single or multiple benign cysts Mastocarcinoma – Breast cancer The most common cancer among women in the U. S. 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 70

Pathologies Mastitis n Inflammatory condition of the breasts n Occurs frequently in lactating women n Typically bacterial infection n If untreated an abscess may develop n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 71

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions n n n n Pituitary tumor Surgery Radiation Administration of deficient hormones Hyperthyroidism Surgery Radioactive materials Antithyroid drugs 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 72

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions Adrenalectomy n Excision of an adrenal gland n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 73

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions Diabetes Treatment n Administration of insulin or oral agents n n n Subcutaneous injection Insulin pump Proper diet n Exercise n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 74

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions n Hypoglycemia n n Administration of glucose Breast cancer n n n 10 -501 -101 Lumpectomy Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Hormone manipulation Mastectomy (surgical removal of the breast) Medical Terminology 75

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions n n n Mastoptsosis Sagging or prolapsed breasts Mastopexy Surgery to correct pendulous breasts (breast lift) Mammoplasty Plastic surgery of the breast n n 10 -501 -101 Augmentation mammoplasty Reduction mammoplasty Medical Terminology 76

Class Exercises Chapter 17 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 77

Define the Terms n n n n Aden(o) Gland Hypercalcemia Increase blood calcium Goiter Enlarged thyroid Gonad(o) Ovaries, testes 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 78

Define the Terms n n n n Trop(o) To stimulate Mast(o) Breast Lact(o) Milk Ex(o) Outside 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 79

Define the Terms n n n n End(o) Inside -crine To secrete Tetra. Four Home(o) Sameness, constant 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 80

Write the Meaning For n n n n Thry(o) Thyroid gland Tetra. Four Mast/o Breast Pro. Before or for 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 81

Write the Meaning For n n n n Mamm/o Breast Andr/o Male or masculine Exo. Outside or outward Adren/o Adrenal gland 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 82

Give Definitions for the Following n n n n Adrenalin? o Adrenalin -tropic Stimulates -tropin That which stimulates -physis growth 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 83

Give Definitions for the Following n n n n Iod/o Iodine Gigant/o Large Megal/o Large Macr/o Large 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 84

Give Definitions for the Following Gonad/o n Gonad n Home/o n Sameness n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 85

Write Definitions for the following Terms n n n n Andromegaly Enlargement of the adrenal glands Androgenic Producing masculine characteristics Homeostasis Stability in the normal body state Periadenitis Inflammation of tissues around a gland 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 86

Write Definitions for the following Terms Gonadal n Pertaining to the ovaries or testes n Hypercalcemia n Excessive calcium in the blood n Hypothryoidism n Decreased activity of the thyroid gland n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 87

Write Definitions for the following Terms n n n n Enlargement of the adrenal glands Adrenomegaly Producing masculine characteristics Androgenic Stability in the normal body state Homeostasis Inflammation of the tissues around a gland Periadenitis 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 88

Write Definitions for the following Terms Decreased activity of the thyroid gland n Hypothyroidism n Excessive calcium in the blood n Hypercalcemia n Pertaining to the ovaries and testes n Gonadal n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 89

Write Definitions for the following Terms Mastopexy n Surgical correction of pendulous breasts n Exophthalmos n Abnormal protrusions of the eyeball n Periadentitis n Inflammation of tissues around a gland n Homeostasis n Stability of the internal functions of the body n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 90

Write Definitions for the following Terms Pancreas n The gland where insulin is produced n Gonadectomy n Excision of the ovaries or testes n Hypogonadism n Decreased functional activity of the gonads n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 91

Write Definitions for the following Terms n Diabetes mellitus A disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia and glycosuria Cachexia A condition of ill health, malnutrition and wasting n Colostrum n The cloudy fluid secreted by the mammary gland that serves as a reservoir for milk n n n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 92

Write Definitions for the following Terms Duct n The dilated portion of a vessel in the mammary gland that serves as a reservoir for milk n Periappendicitis n Inflamed condition of the appendix and its surrounding tissues n Gynecomastia n Excessive development of the male breasts n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 93

Write Definitions for the following Terms Fibrocystic breast disease n A disorder characterized by single or multiple benign tumors of the breast n Glands n Structures that have the ability to manufacture chemical substances that are discharged and used in some other part of the body n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 94

Give Definitions for the Following Terms Lactation n Secretion of milk n Mammogram n Film produced in a diagnostic procedure that uses x ray to study the breast n Augmentation mammoplasty n Plastic surgery to increase the size of the breast n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 95

Give Definitions for the Following Terms Mastectomy n Removal of a breast n Target gland/organ n The organ or structure towards which the effects of a hormone are directed n Goiter n An enlarged thyroid n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 96

Give Definitions for the Following Terms Lactogenesis n Production of milk n Androgenic n Producing masculine characteristics n Diuretic pertains to increasing urination n Exocrine n Gland that has ducts and empties its secretions onto an internal or external surface n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 97

Give Definitions for the Following Terms Hormones n The chemical secretions of endocrine glands n Pituitary n The master gland n Oxytocin n A pituitary hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 98

Give Definitions for the Following Terms Mammalgia or mastodynia n Painful breast n Hirsutism n Abnormal hairiness n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 99

Define the Following Terms n n n n Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver Pericerebral Around the rain Peripancreatitis Inflammation around the pancreas Mastoptosis Sagging breasts 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 100

Define the Following Terms Thyroid n Gland secretes thyroid hormones n Thyrotropin n Stimulates the synthesis and secretions of thyroxine n Thyroxine n Iodine containing hormone secreted by thyroid gland n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 101

Define the Following Terms n n n Cachexia General ill health and malnutrition, marked by weakness and emaciation or excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition Hypopituitarism Decreased activity of the pituitary gland Hormones Come from endocrine glands secreted into the blood stream 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 102

Define the Following Terms -physis n Suffix means growth n Pron Prefix means before n Adrenal glands n Located above each kidney secretes steroids epinephrine and norepinephrine n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 103

Define the Following Terms n n n n n Hyperglycemia Above normal blood sugar Glycosuria Sugar in urine Polydipsia Excessive thirst Polyuria Frequent urination Hyperinsulinism Excessive insulin in the blood 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 104

Define the Following Terms n n n n Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball Adrenomegaly Enlargement of the adrenal gland Mastodynia Painful breast Anti-diuretic hormone Affects the volume of urine excreted 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 105

Define the Following Terms n n n n -tropin Suffix means that which stimulates Somatotropin Substance that stimulates body’s growth Andropathy Any disease peculiar to males Homeostasis Stability in the normal body parts 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 106

Define the Following Terms Gonadotropin n Substance that stimulates the gonads n Thyrotropin n Substance that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroxine n Hypogonadism n Decreased functional activity of the gonads with deterioration of sexual development n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 107

Define the Following Terms n n n n Gonadopathy Any disease of the ovaries and testes Gonadectomy Removal or excision of ovaries or testes Periadenitis Inflammation of tissues around a gland Androgenic Producing masculine characteristics 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 108

Write Medical Terms for the Following Hemorrhage from a breast n Mastorrhagia n The organ or structure toward which the effects of a hormone are directed n Target gland/organ n An enlarged thyroid n Goiter n 10 -501 -101 Medical Terminology 109