Chapter 1 Veterinary Medical Terminology and Abbreviations 2011

Chapter 1 Veterinary Medical Terminology and Abbreviations © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Word Parts • PREFIX- the word part at the beginning of a term • SUFFIX- the word part at the end of a term • ROOT- the word part that gives the term its meaning • COMBINING VOWEL- root word and vowel that allow certain terms to be pronounced with ease (vowel is commonly “o”) © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Root Words • • • CARDI/O- heart UTER/O- uterus HYSTER/O- uterus ENTER/O- intestines REN/O- kidney • • • NEPHR/O- kidneys HEPAT/O- liver OVARI/O- ovary LAPAR/O- abdomen CHEM/O- chemical ARTHR/O- joint © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Root Words • • • CUTANE/O- skin HEM/O- blood NAS/O- nose RHIN/O- nose COL/O- colon; intestine • GASTR/O- stomach • MAST/O- mammary gland • RECT/O- rectum • URIN/O- urine • CYST/O- urinary bladder • RADI/O- radiation • ELECTR/Oelectricity • OSTE/O- bone • DENT/O- teeth © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Prefixes • • • PRE- before PERI- around POST- after A- or AN- without; no AB- away from • • • AD- towards ANTI- against SUB- below SUPER- above DYS- difficult; painful © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Prefixes • HYPO- below normal; decreased • HYPER- above normal; excessive • ENDO- within; inside • ECTO- outside • • • EXO- outside POLY- many OLIGO- very little INTER- between INTRA- within © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Suffixes • -OSIS: condition • -EMIA: blood • -ECTOMY: surgical removal of • -STOMY: creating a new surgical opening • -PEXY: to suture to • -PLASTY: to surgically repair • -TOMY: to cut into surgically; to make an incision • -ITIS: inflammation • -CENTESIS: surgical puncture into • -MEGALY: enlargement of • -PATHY: disease © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Suffixes • -LOGY: the study of • -GRAPH: to record with an instrument • -GRAPHY: the act of using an instrument to record • -GRAM: a record of • -SCOPE: instrument used to look at or view • -SCOPY: the act of using an instrument for viewing • -RRHEA: to flow • -RRHAGE: to burst • -LYSIS: to break down • -THERAPY: treatment © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

“Pertaining to” Suffixes • • -INE -IC -AR -EAL -OUS -TIC -US • • -AN -AL -ARY -AC -IAN -E -IVE -UM © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Breaking Down a Term • Break each word into the PREFIX, SUFFIX and ROOT word • Determine each meaning and put into a definition that makes sense – – POST/OPERAT/IVE: pertaining to after a surgery CARDIO/LOGY: the study of the heart GASTR/ITIS: inflammation of the stomach OVARIO/HYSTER/ECTOMY: surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Directional Terms • LATERAL: side of the body; toward the outside • DISTAL: away from the center of the body • DORSAL: toward the back of the body (spinal area) • CRANIAL: toward the head of the body • PALMAR: bottom of the front feet • ROSTRAL: toward the nose © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Directional Terms • MEDIAL: toward the inside • PROXIMAL: toward the center of the body • VENTRAL: toward the abdomen of the body (belly) • CAUDAL: toward the tail of the body • PLANTAR: bottom of the back feet • ASPECT: area • RECUMBENT or RECUMBENCY: lying • TRANSVERSEacross an area dividing it into cranial and caudal sections © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Directional Diagram • • • A- cranial B- caudal C- ventral D- dorsal E- rostral F- proximal G- distal H- palmar I- plantar © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Anterior – median - Sagittal S M © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Posterior – Median - Sagittal © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Anterior – Cranial/Caudal Cranial © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Lateral – Traverse Plane © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Lateral – Ventral/Dorsal D D V V V © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Lateral – Proximal/Distal P D © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Species Terms • • • Canine- dog Feline- cat Equine- horse Bovine- cow Cavy- guinea pig Primate- monkeys and apes • Poultry- chickens and turkeys • Murine- rats or mice • • • Ovine- sheep Porcine- pig Caprine- goat Lagomorph- rabbit Avian- bird Reptile- snakes and lizards • Amphibians- frogs and toads • Terrapin- turtle © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Dogs • Intact: capable of reproduction • Bitch: female adult intact dog • Stud dog: male adult intact dog • Puppy: newborn dog • Litter: a group of newborn dogs • Whelping: the labor process of dogs © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Cats • Queen: adult female intact cat • Tom: adult male intact cat • Kitten: newborn cat • Queening: the labor process of cats © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Rabbits • Buck: adult male • Kindling: labor intact rabbit process of rabbits • Doe: adult female intact rabbit • Lapin: neutered male rabbit • Kit: newborn rabbit © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Ferrets and Guinea Pigs • Jill: intact female ferret • Hob: intact male ferret • Sprite: neutered female ferret • Gib: neutered male ferret • Sow: female intact guinea pig • Boar: male intact guinea pig • Pup: young newborn guinea pig © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Rats and Mice • Dam: adult female intact rat or mouse • Sire: adult male intact rat or mouse • Pup: young newborn mouse or rat © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Poultry and Birds • Cock: adult intact male chicken or parrot • Rooster: adult male chicken • Hen: adult female chicken or parrot • Cockerel: immature male chicken • Pullet: immature female chicken • Chick: newborn chicken • Poult: young chicken or turkey • Flock: group of birds • Drake: male duck • Duck: female duck • Duckling: newborn duck © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Pigs • Sow: adult female intact pig • Boar: adult male intact pig • Barrow: young castrated male pig • Stag: adult male castrated pig • Gilt: young immature female pig that has not farrowed • Piglet: newborn pig • Farrowing: labor process of pigs © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Horses • Stallion: adult male intact horse • Mare: adult female intact horse • Colt: young male horse • Filly: young female horse • Foal: newborn horse • Gelding: castrated male horse • Weanling: young horse under a year of age • Yearling: young horse between 1 and 2 years of age • Herd: group of horses © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Equine • Horse: equine over 14. 2 hands in height • Pony: equine under 14. 2 hands in height • Hand: measurement of height that equals 4 inches © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Equine • Donkey: donkey crossed with a donkey • Hinny: cross of male horse and female donkey • Jack: intact male donkey • Jenny: intact female donkey • Mule: cross of male donkey and female horse © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Sheep and Goats • Ewe: adult female sheep • Ram: adult male sheep • Lamb: newborn sheep • Lambing: labor process of sheep • Freshening: labor process of dairy animals • Buck: male goat • Doe: female goat • Wether: castrated male goat or sheep • Kid: newborn goat • Kidding: labor process of goats © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Common Animal Terms: Cattle and Llamas • Bull: male cow or llama • Cow: female cow or llama • Heifer: young female cow that has not been bred • Stag: mature castrated male cow • Steer: young castrated male cow • Calf: newborn cow • Calving: labor process of cows and llamas • Cria: young llama © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

FLASH CARDS • Use flash cards for new veterinary terms learned throughout the course • Study 5 -10 minutes each day • You will learn many veterinary terms and abbreviations in this course to add to your vocabulary list • Make terminology FUN! © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Clinical Situation • • Yr SF DLH PE v/d WNL TPR • • • • Wt Lbs or # CBC Rads or x-rays dz dx tx o Tabs PO SID o BM © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Are you ready for the exam? • • Twice a day By mouth Surgery Prescription Four times a day History Diagnosis • • • Gums Treatment Pulse Biopsy Positive Every Pound Right ear Left eye © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Patient Information • K-9: canine or dog • DLH: domestic long hair (cat) • DSH: domestic short hair (cat) • M: male • F: female • S or SF: spayed or spayed female • NM: neutered male • C or CAST: castrated © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Patient Information • • o: owner y or yr: year mo: month wk: week d: day EX: exotic C-SECT: caesarian section • • • d/o: drop off p/u: pick up d/c: discharge rec: recommend S/R: suture removal Sx- surgery © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Patient History • • Hx: history V: VOMITING D: DIARRHEA V/D: vomiting and diarrhea • PD: POLYDIPSIA (increased thirst) • U: URINE • PU: POLYURIA (increased urination) • C/S: culture and sensitivity © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Patient History • BM: BOWEL MOVEMENT • ANOREXIA: NOT EATING • LETHARGIC: TIRED • DYSURIA: TROUBLE URINATING • HEMATURIA: BLOOD IN URINE • HBC: hit by car © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Physical Exam • PE: physical exam • BAR: bright, alert, responsive • QAR: quiet, alert, responsive • T: temperature • P: pulse • R: respiration (breathing) • TPR: temperature, pulse, respiration • N or -: negative • +: positive • MM: mucous membranes (gums) • CRT: capillary refill time © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Physical Exam cont’d • • • HR: heart rate RR: respiratory rate ABD: abdomen LN: lymph nodes WT: weight Acute: onset of condition occurs in a short time • Chronic: onset of condition occurs over a long time • Dx: diagnosis • Px: prognosis • Tx: treatment • URI: upper respiratory infection © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Physical Exam cont’d • UTI: urinary tract infection • SOAP: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan • ANALS or AG: anal glands • Fe. LV: feline leukemia virus • FIP: feline infectious peritonitis • FIV: feline immunodeficiency virus • L: left • R: right © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Laboratory Terms • Bx: biopsy • C/S or C & S: culture and sensitivity • CBC: complete blood count • CHEM: blood chemistry panel • PCV: packed cell volume • Cysto: cystocentesis • Fecal: stool or fecal sample • UA: urinalysis • HW: heartworm test • T 4 - thyroid test © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pharmacy Terms • Rx: prescription • EOD: every other day • SID: once a day • BID: twice a day • TID: three times a day • QID: four times a day • • PRN: as needed q: every d: day w: week h: hour PO: by mouth NPO: nothing by mouth © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pharmacy Terms cont’d • Tab: tablet • Cap: capsule • ml: milliliter (liquid measure) • cc: cubic centimeter (liquid measure) • • • kg: kilogram mg: milligram /: per (mg/kg) # or lb: pounds #: amount to dispense • oz: ounces © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pharmacy Problem • The veterinarian has been talking with Mr. Doe about his dog, Rufus. The dog is on phenobarbital. Rufus is still having seizures and the vet has asked you to have Mr. Doe increase Rufus’s medicine from (1) 25 mg tablet SID to (1) 25 mg tablet BID PO. What will you tell Mr. Doe? © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pharmacy Answer • You should tell Mr. Doe that the vet would like Rufus to get (1) 25 mg tablet of phenobarbital two times a day by mouth. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pharmacy Problem • The vet has asked you to fill the following prescription: Give (1) tablet of aspirin PO q 12 h PRN. • What will you place on the label? © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Pharmacy Answer • Give (1) tablet of aspirin by mouth every 12 hours or twice a day as needed. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Eyes and Ears • OD: right eye • OS: left eye • OU: both eyes • AD: right ear • AS: left ear • AU: both ears © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Medication Administration Routes • SQ: subcutaneous (under the skin) • SUB-Q: subcutaneous • IM: intramuscular (into the muscle) • IV: intravenous (into the vein) • IN: intranasal (into the nasal cavity) • PO: by mouth © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Medication Administration Routes • IC: intracardiac (into • IO: intraoseous (into the heart) the bone) • IT: intratracheal (into • ID: intradermal the trachea or (within the skin windpipe) layers) • IP: intraperitoneal (into the peritoneum or lining of the abdomen) © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Veterinary Associations • AVMA: American Veterinary Medical Association • AAHA: American Animal Hospital Association • NAVTA: National Association of Veterinary Technicians of America • OFA: Orthopedic Foundation of America © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.