Dissection Guide to the Rat The Norway rat

Dissection Guide to the Rat The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Rat Dissection l l l l Scientific Name: Rattus norvegicus Common Name: Rat Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Subphylum- Vertebrata Class- Mammalia Order- Rodentia Family: Muridae RATS

Anatomical Terms Ø Ø Ø Ø Cranial-toward the head Caudal-toward the tail Dorsal-toward the backbone Ventral-toward the belly side Lateral-toward the side Medial-toward the middle Proximal: closer to the base of a structure Distal: farther away from a structure

External Anatomy • • The body is long and cylindrical: Head, neck, trunk, anterior limbs, posterior limbs, tail.

External Anatomy • • • Head: eyes, nostrils, external ears (auriculars), mouth, whiskers. Neck: (head , trunk). Trunk: (thorax, abdomen). Ant. limbs: 4 digits Post. limbs: 5 digits

Male External Features:

Female External Features:

Mouth Cavity Cleft lib Rhinarium Diastema

Mouth Cavity

Rat Dissecting Process:

Rat Dissection X REMOVING SKIN

Rat Dissection REMOVING SKIN

Rat Dissection REMOVING SKIN

Internal Anatomy

Rat Dissection Lesson Digestive System One

Rat Dissection ORAL CAVITY

Rat Dissection ORAL CAVITY

Rat Dissection ABDOMINAL CAVITY

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Colon Esophagus Ileum Stomach Appendix Duodenum Cecum

Rat Dissection Lesson Two Urinogenital System

Rat Dissection EXCRETORY ORGANS

Rat Dissection UROGENITAL ORGANS

Rat Dissection 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Stomach Kidney Ovary Oviduct Uterine Horn Rectum Urinary Bladder FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Rat Dissection 1. Coagulating Gland 2. Urinary Bladder 3. Vas Deferens 4. Epididymis 5. Small Intestines 6. Seminal Vesicle 7. Prostate Gland 8. Penis 9. Testis 10. Scrotum MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Key words and Functions: l l l Seminal vesicle: secrete thick liquid to vesicle transport sperms. Coagulating gland: is to secrete fluids to form gland the copulatory plug to help ensure fertilization. Prostate gland: secrets thin alkaline solution. gland Vas deferens: transportation, ejaculation. deferens Epididymis: transportation, maturation, ejac. Epididymis

Cowper’s gland: secretions may lubricate, flush out urine or form gelatinous plug. l The preputial glands: produce pheromones. glands The preputial glands of female animals are sometimes called clitoral glands. l Testis: Testis sperm production. l Penis: Copulation. Penis l Scrotum: protection. Scrotum l

Rat Dissection Lesson Three Circulatory System

Rat Dissection HEART

To LUNGS To BODY From BODY To LUNGS From BODY 1. Blue is deoxygenated blood (from the body, going to the lungs) 2. Red is oxygenated blood (from the lungs, going to the body) 3. Arteries are thick walled 4. Veins are thin walled

Rat Dissection 1. 2. 3. 4. Trachea Heart Lung Diaphragm THORACIC CAVITY

Rat Dissection RESPIRATORY ORGANS Esophagus Carotid Jugular

Rat Dissection HEART + LUNGS

Arterial System

Rat Dissection Rat Thoracic Arteries

Ve no us Sy ste m

Venous System

THORACIC Rat Dissection CAVITY

Rat Dissection Rat Abdominal Cavity

Rat Dissection 1. Abdominal Aorta 2. Renal Artery (left) 3. Renal Vein (left) 4. Inferior Vena Cava 5. Hepatic Portal Vein ABDOMINAL CIRCULATION

Rat Dissection Lesson Endocrine System Four

Rat Dissection Lesson Five Nervous System

Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and Spinal Cord Control and Integration Center Organizational Levels of the Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves from brain and spinal cord Communication lines between CNS and rest of body Sensory (afferent) Division Body Receptors Sends stimulus from receptors to CNS Motor (efferent) Division Motor Neurons Sends stimulus from CNS to muscles (and glands) Autonomic Nervous Somatic Nervous System Involuntary Control Voluntary Control Conducts impulses Sends stimulus from the CNS to skeletal involuntary muscles Sympathetic Division Fight or Flight Mobilizes involuntary systems during emergencies Parasympathetic Division Resting and Digesting Promotes non-emergency involuntary functioning

medulla oblongata

Nervous System

Rat Dissection Lesson Six Skeletal System