BIOLOGY 30 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REVIEW Label the parts

BIOLOGY 30 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REVIEW

Label the parts of the endocrine system. 1 2 3 4 8 8 5 6 5 7 1. HYPOTHALAMUS 5. PANCREAS 2. PITUITARY 6. OVARY 3. THYROID 7. TESTIES 4. PARATHYROID 8. ADRENAL GLAND

THYROID - STIMULATING hormone stimulates the _______________ release of ________ THYROXINE from the thyroid which regulates ______ CELL ________ METABOLISM. ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC hormone stimulates the _______________ release of hormones involved in stress responses. INSULIN is a hormone that makes cells more _______ permeable to glucose and allow glucose to be converted into _______ GLYCOGEN in the liver. The net DECREASE blood result of this hormone is to ________ GLUCAGON promotes the glucose levels. ________ GLYCOGEN to glucose in the liver conversion of ________ INCREASE blood glucose levels. Both and _______ hormones are produced in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS cells of the pancreas. ________________

CORTISOL stimulates the conversion of amino _______ acids to glucose in the liver. CORTISOL _______ INSULIN and _______ GLUCAGON affect ______, blood glucose levels. GROWTH HORMONE or somatotropin causes the _____________ long bones of the body to grow. A hyposecretion in child hood results in ________ DWARFISM and a hypersecretion in childhood results in GIGANTISM _______, ACROMEGALY but in adulthood results in __________. The thyroid also releases ________ CALCITONIN which PTH lowers blood calcium levels, while ________ increases blood calcium levels and is released from PARATHYROID the __________ gland.

ACTION: Stimulates the release of thyroxine. Hormone: THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) Released by: ANTERIOR PITUITARY Diseases: N/A ACTION: Regulates cell metabolism Hormone: THYROXINE (T 4) Released by: THYROID Diseases: HYPERTHYROIDISM, GOITER, CRETINISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM

ACTION: Regulate body metabolism, growth and differentiation of tissues. Hormone: TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T 3) Released by: THYROID GLAND Diseases: SEE THYROXINE ACTION: Causes long bones to grow, raises amino acid uptake by cells, cell fuel fatty acid Hormone: HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (h. GH) Released by: ANTERIOR LOBE PITUITARY Diseases: DWARFISM, GIGANTISM, ACROMEGALY

ACTION: Stimulates release of epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress. Hormone: ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) Released by: ANTERIOR PITUITARY Diseases: N/A ACTION: Helps convert amino acids to glucose, Fats Fatty Acids, raise blood glucose Hormone: CORTISOL Released by: ADRENAL CORTEX Diseases: N/A

ACTION: Helps convert glycogen into glucose in the liver. Hormone: GLUCAGON Released by: ISLETS OF LANGERHANS (α cells) Diseases: N/A ACTION: Converts glucose to glycogen in the liver, cell become more permeable to glucose. Hormone: INSULIN Released by: ISLETS OF LANGERHANS (β cells) Diseases: DIABETES MELLITUS

ACTION: Causes the kidney to reabsorb more water. Hormone: ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) Released by: POSTERIOR PITUITARY Diseases: DIABETES INSIPIDUS ACTION: Causes the kidney to reabsorb more, sodium. Hormone: ALDOSTERONE Released by: ADRENAL CORTEX Diseases: N/A

ACTION: Causes calcium in the blood to be stored in bones. Hormone: CALCITONIN Released by: THYROID GLAND Diseases: N/A ACTION: Causes bones to release calcium into the blood. Hormone: PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) Released by: PARATHYROID GLAND Diseases: N/A

Anterior lobe of the pituiary: Hormone TSH ACTH Target Thyroid RELEASE THYROXINE RELEASE STRESS HORMONES Adrenal Cortex GH Body Cells FSH Gonads LH Gonads PRL Function PROMOTES GROWTH DEVELOPMENT OF SEX CELLS STIMULATE OVULATION & TESTOSTERONE Mammary Glands MILK PRODUCTION Posterior lobe of the pituitary: OXYTOCIN Uterus, Mammary CONTRACTIONS Glands ADH Kidneys REABSORB WATER

Adrenal Glands NERVE STIMULATION Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary 1 ACTH Adrenal Medulla Adrenal Cortex 2 GLUCOCORTICOIDS 3 MINERALCORTICOIDS 4 EPINEPHRINE & NOREPINEPHRINE

MINERALCORTICOIDS increase the amount of ______________ sodium ion and water retained by the kidneys. It also _______ INCREASES blood volume and pressure. An example of this hormone is _________ ALDOSTERONE. _______________ increase blood glucose GLUCOCORTICOIDS levels by converting fats and proteins into glucose. It also suppresses the inflamation response of the immune system. An example of this hormone is CORTISOL. _______ NOREPINEPHRINE __________ and ___________ increase heart rate, breathing rate, diverts blood to muscle cells, converts glycogen to glucose, dialates pupils etc. They are the hormones STRESS released due to _______.

Thyroxine Feedback: Hypothalamus 1 Anterior Pituitary 2 Thyroid 3 (-) 4 1. Thyroid Releasing 3. T 3 TRIIODOTHYRONINE Hormone (TRH) 2. TSH 4. T 4 THYROXINE

Insulin Feedback: High Blood Glucose Islets of Langerhans 1 cells _____ (-) 2 3 4 Low Blood Glucose 1. BETA 3. GLUCOSE GLYCOGEN 2. INSULIN 4. CELLS MORE PERMEABLE TO GLUCOSE

Glucagon Feedback: Low Blood Glucose Islets of Langerhans 1 cells _____ (-) 2 3 High Blood Glucose 1. ALPHA 2. GLUCAGON 3. GLYCOGEN GLUCOSE

Parathyroid Hormone Feedback: High Blood Ca++ Thyroid Gland 1 2 Low Blood Ca++ 1. CALCITONIN 2. BONES STORE Ca++ (-)

ADH Feedback: Low Water in Blood Hypothalamus 3 1 Pituitary _____ 2 4 1. POSTERIOR High Water in Blood 3. MAKES AND STORES 2. Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) 4. KIDNEYS REABSORB MORE WATER (-)

Aldosterone Feedback: Low Blood Pressure Juxtaglomerular Apparatus 2 3 1 4 (-) High Blood Pressure 5 6 1. RENIN RELEASED 4. CONSTRICT VESSELS 2. ANGIOTESIN PRODUCED 3. ALDOSTERONE 5. REABSORB MORE Na+ 6. INCREASE WATER VOLUME