Professional Truck Driver Certification Practical Applications for Trucking
- Slides: 65
Professional Truck Driver Certification Practical Applications for Trucking and Logistics 121 Clackamas Community College 1
Grant Funding This product was funded by a grant awarded under the President's High Growth Job Training Initiative, as implemented by the U. S. Department of Labor's Employment & Training Administration. The information contained in this product was created by a grantee organization and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U. S. Department of Labor. All references to non-governmental companies or organizations, their services, products, or resources are offered for informational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement by the Department of Labor. This product is copyrighted by the institution that created it and is intended for individual organizational, non-commercial use only. Clackamas Community College 2
Workshop Outcomes 1. Observe and practice the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to operate a commercial vehicle safely. 2. Demonstrate the tasks and duties required of an entry-level trucker and warehouse worker. 3. Show the range of skill mastery required by an individual driver. Clackamas Community College 3
Agenda Day One 1. Welcome and Introductions 2. Initial Exam 3. Warehouse and Vehicle Safety 4. Control Systems 5. Basic Controls 6. Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 4
Agenda Day Two Welcome Back Vehicle Inspection and Adjustments Shifting Execution Backing and Docking Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 5
Agenda Day Three Welcome Backing and Docking Coupling and Uncoupling Visual Search Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 6
Agenda Day Four Welcome Back Vehicle Communication Speed and Space Management Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 7
Agenda Day Five Welcome Back Extreme Driving Conditions Hazardous Materials National Highway Watch Program Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 8
Agenda Day Six Welcome Back Emergency Maneuvers Railroad Crossings Vehicle Checks and Maintenance Diagnosing and Reporting Malfunctions Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 9
Agenda Day Seven Welcome Back Diagnosing and Reporting Malfuctions Environmental Issues Handling, Adjusting and Documenting Cargo and the Manifest Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 10
Agenda Day Eight Welcome Back Hours of Service, Daily Log and Logbook Recap Inventory and Stocking Process Accident Safety and Management Trip Planning Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 11
Agenda Day Nine Welcome Back Putting it All Together Driving Practice Instructor Observation Day Review and Wrap-up Clackamas Community College 12
Agenda Day Ten Welcome Back Putting it All Together Driving Practice Instructor Observation Final Review Final Exam Clackamas Community College 13
Warehouse and Vehicle Safety Warehouse safety requirements Driver safety requirements Your roles and responsibilities in the safety process How to report unsafe practices What types of safety violations typically happen within the company? Clackamas Community College 14
Control Systems and Management Engine Controls Primary Controls Secondary Controls Clackamas Community College 15
Dashboard Clusters Engine Unit Temperature Lights Steering Wheel Fuel Brake Control Clackamas Community College 16
Vehicle Components Chassis Body and Cab Wheels and Tires Under the Hood Clackamas Community College Steering Interior Brakes Emergency Equipment 17
Proper Entrance and Exit 3 Point System Use Your Seatbelt! Clackamas Community College 18
Starting the Engine Apply the parking brakes. Clutch pedal must be depressed to relieve starting motor of transmission drag. The “switch key” must always be turned “on” before starting the engine. Electrical starting motors must not be operated continuously for more than ten seconds at a time. When the engine starts up, driver must hold engine speed below one thousand RPM until engine warms up (usually about three minutes). As soon as the engine has started, the driver should now check all gauges on the dash to ascertain if sufficient oil pressure is showing. Clackamas Community College Make sure that all dash lights and safety warning buzzers are in full operation. With a manual transmission vehicle, partly engage the clutch before you take your right foot off the brake. Put on the parking brake whenever necessary to keep from rolling back. Release the parking brake when you have applied enough engine power to keep from rolling back. Speed up smoothly and gradually so the vehicle does not jerk. When shutting down the engine, depress the clutch and move the gearshift to neutral. Cool the engine down by letting it idle for a few minutes. Turn the engine off. 19
Vehicle Inspections Pre-trip En-route Post-trip Official roadside inspection Clackamas Community College 20
Pre-Trip Inspection Process Vehicle Overview Engine Compartment Inside the Cab Lights Walk-around Brakes Clackamas Community College 21
En-Route Inspections Keep an eye on your gauges for signs of trouble (air, engine, pressure, ammeter, voltmeter) Use your senses to check for problems (look, listen, smell and feel) Check certain items when you stop; tires, wheels and rims, brakes, lights and reflectors, brakes and electrical connections to the trailer, trailer coupling devices and cargo securement devices After you have driven for 3 hours or 150 miles, stock and re-check the cargo and securing devices Re-check after every break you take during your trip Clackamas Community College 22
Post Inspection Tires Wheels and Rims Brakes, Drums, shoes Steering System Suspension Exhaust System Emergency Equipment Lighting Devices and Reflectors Clackamas Community College 23
Official Roadside Inspections The Critical Items that will be inspected during this time could include: Brakes Tires and wheels Drawbars Steering Fifth wheel Suspension Clackamas Community College 24
DVIR’s are to be completed at the start and end of every day DVIR’s can typically be found between passenger and driver seat The DVIR should be signed off by last driver and current driver indicating whether the vehicle is safe to drive after completing your pre-trip inspection Document defects/damage on DVIR and obtain witness verification from on-duty mechanic or other company employee If vehicle defect has not been repaired by a mechanic and is unsafe to drive, see mechanic on duty Clackamas Community College 25
Shifting Execution Basic Method for Shifting Up Using Engine Speed (rpm) to Shift Up Use Road Speed (mph) to shift Up Basic Procedures for Shifting Down Clackamas Community College 26
ASC Basic Backing and Docking Process Approach Set-up Completion Clackamas Community College 27
Backing Steps Jacking and Docking Pre-Positioning for a Straight Back Pre-Positioning on the Clear Side Pre-Positioning on the Blind Side Docking Parallel Parking Clackamas Community College 28
Coupling and Uncoupling 5 LL Fifth Wheel Lights Landing Gear Clackamas Community College LL 5 Landing Gear Lights Fifth Wheel 29
Visual Search Scan ahead Position the truck properly in the lane Watch the road surface Don’t lock your eyes on the road in front Scanning must include the sides and back of the road and vehicle Position both plane and convex mirrors Keep track of who is on the road with you Look for vehicles coming onto the highway, into your lane or turning Watch for brake lights form slowing vehicles Make regular checks of your mirrors Clackamas Community College 30
Visual Search Continued When changing lanes, turning, merging and making tight maneuvers – do not rely solely on your mirrors, check to the sides as well When you use your mirrors while driving on the road, check quickly, look back and forth between the mirror and the road ahead Use a regular pattern mirror check every 5 -8 seconds Check instrument panel frequently Recognize and adjust for blind spots and no-see zones Make sure you are behind the other vehicle at least 6 -8 seconds Avoid diverting attention from the path ahead Clackamas Community College 31
Vehicle Communication Signaling Changing lanes Intent to slow, turn or stop Using flashers – both brakes and headlights Misuse of horn Paying attention to others around you Reactions Clackamas Community College 32
Speed and Space Management Stopping Distance Road Surface Shape of the Road Speed Visibility Flow of Traffic Space Behind and Beside You Space Above and Below the Truck Clackamas Community College Space Ahead Space for Traffic Gaps Giving Space to Others Right of Way Passing Being Passed Meeting Other Vehicle 33
Stopping Distance The heavier the vehicle, the more work the brakes must do to stop and the more heat they absorb. The brakes, tires, springs and shock absorbers are designed to work best when the vehicle is fully loaded. When your truck is empty, you will need more stopping distance due to less traction. Clackamas Community College 34
Extreme Driving Conditions Grade A small grade may be only a 4% grade. This means there is a 4 -foot change in altitude for every 100 feet of roadway. A 4% grade in a thousand feet would mean a 40 -foot increase or decrease in altitude. Clackamas Community College 35
Uphill Operations If you do not downshift on an upgrade, you will lug the engine and eventually stall Downshifting on an upgrade is different from downshifting on level ground On a grade, the truck will slow down much more quickly Shift fast Your double-clutch technique must be very accurate If you do “miss a gear, ” your only choice may be to bring the truck to a stop, shift into first and continue up the hill You probably will not be able to upshift many gears so your trip up the hill will be a slow one Traffic, poor driving habits and wear and tear on the rig can impact your uphill operation efficiency To reduce wear and tear on your rig watch the temperature of the engine, transmission and differential Clackamas Community College 36
Downhill Operations Reduce and control your speed before you start descending down a hill Avoid making any sudden moves on the road. If your back box starts to slide, DO NOT BREAK! Be careful not to downshift too far or not far enough Pull off before descending and check the brakes Use one gear down from what you used to climb the hill Be in the right gear before you start heading down Check the slack adjusters and look for any other loose or broken parts Do not change gears on a downhill run Turn on the auxiliary brake With the engine retarder on, you will probably not need the service brakes Service brakes should only be used when either the engine rpm or the truck speed exceeds safe limits Do not fan or pump the brakes Overheating the brakes can also cause the brake drums to get red hot and crack, brake linings to burn up, wheel grease seals to get hot and leak grease Clackamas Community College 37
Runaway Ramps Turn on your lights and flashers Blow the air horn Look for runaway ramp signs As you enter the ramp, shift your rig into neutral Hold the steering wheel firmly When you stop, shut off the engine and turn off the lights Climb out and take the fire extinguisher Clackamas Community College 38
Adverse Weather Conditions Fog Rain Snow Ice Wind Clackamas Community College 39
Hazardous Materials Liquid Gas Solid Clackamas Community College 40
Hazardous Materials Classes Explosives Compressed Gas Cylinders Flammable Solids Oxidizing Substances Poisons Radioactive Materials Clackamas Community College Corrosives Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials ORM-D (other regulated material – Domestic) Combustible Liquids 41
Safe Transport on the Road Tire Inspection Parking Routing Railroad Crossing Fire Clackamas Community College 42
Highway Watch Program Overview Security Environment Recognizing Terrorist activities Safety Environment Reporting Conclusion Resources Clackamas Community College 43
Emergency Maneuvers Over-Braking Over-Steering Over. Accelerating Clackamas Community College 44
Railroad Crossings Passive crossings do not have any type of traffic control device. They require the driver to recognize the crossing, search for any train using the tracks and decide if there is sufficient clear space to cross safely. They will have yellow circular advance warning signs, pavement markings and crossbucks to assist you. Active crossings have a traffic control device installed at the crossing to regulate traffic. These include flashing red lights, with or without bells and gates. Clackamas Community College 45
Signs and Symbols Crossbuck Signs Advance Warning Signs Flashing Light Signal Standard Bell Standard Gates Long Arm Gate Four Quadrant Gates Barrier Gates Median Barriers Wayside Horns Clackamas Community College Exempt Signs Yield Signs Do Not Stop on Track Signs Stop Sign Tracks Out of Service Sign Parallel Track Sign Low Ground Clearance Sign Number Sign Pavement Markings 46
Vehicle Checks and Maintenance Routine servicing Scheduled preventative maintenance Unscheduled maintenance and repair Clackamas Community College 47
Maintenance Check Areas Braking system Steering system Coupling devices Tires and wheels Suspension system (clutch and engine areas) Clackamas Community College 48
Winterizing and Summerizing Winterizing Check antifreeze level Make sure heaters and defrosters work Check windshield washer antifreeze Make sure truck is clean Clackamas Community College Summerizing Double check the engine oil supply, Check antifreeze level, Double check the condition and tightness of the water pump and fan belts, Double check the condition of the coolant hoses, Check tire pressure Make sure truck is clean 49
Diagnosing and Reporting Malfunctions Completing DVIR’s Check List DVIR’s are to be completed at the start and end of every day. DVIR’s can typically be found between passenger and driver seat. The DVIR should be signed off by last driver and current driver indicating whether the vehicle is safe to drive after completing your pre-trip inspection. If vehicle defect has not been repaired by a mechanic and is unsafe to drive, see mechanic on duty. Clackamas Community College 50
Environmental Issues Proper checking of hoses Proper checking of couplings Effectively monitoring idle and making appropriate adjustments Check regularly for signs of leaks Recognize and report spills en route Proper fueling techniques Avoiding spills Clackamas Community College 51
Handling, Adjusting and Documenting Cargo and Manifest Bills of Lading Freights Bills Waybills Manifest Pro Bills Delivery Receipts Trip Reports Clackamas Community College 52
Liquid Tankers Steps for loading a Liquid Tanker Turn off your engine before loading or unloading any flammable liquid Never load liquid tankers completely full because liquids need room to expand when warm (this is called outage and your dispatcher will let you know how much you need) Fill a liquid tanker only partially full of heavy liquids Inspect the hoses and valves for leaks Check the temperature and pressure gauges for normal readings Clackamas Community College 53
Proper Weight Distributions Gross Weight and Gross Combination Weight Axle Weight Tire Load Suspension Systems Coupling Device Capacity Clackamas Community College 54
Securing the Cargo Blocking and Bracing Cargo Tiedown Header Boards Covering Cargo Sealed and Containerized Loads Clackamas Community College 55
Hours of Service Off Duty – “OFF” – your own time Sleeper Berth – “SB” – and only in this area Driving – “D” – at the wheel while in operation On Duty – “On” – not driving time, inspections, waiting for dispatch, time spent loading and unloading, co-driving, working for someone else Clackamas Community College 56
Log Books Know where to find them Write legibly Include key information (name of driver, month, day and year of beginning of 24 hour period, carrier’s vehicle number, number of miles you drove that day, legal signature, name and main office address of carrier, name of co-driver if there was one, number of hours in each duty status, total hours (adding to 24), any sipping document numbers or names of shippers) Update your logbook each time you change your duty status (you need to record the name of the city, town or village with the state abbreviated and where the change took place) Always use the local time from your base location Time must total 24 hours each day Keep track of your time to the closest quarter of an hour Clackamas Community College 57
Monthly Summary Sheet A = total hours on-duty the last seven days B = how many hours you can work tomorrow C = How many hours you have worked in the last eight days Clackamas Community College 58
Inventory and Stocking Process Clackamas Community College 59
Preventable Accidents Intersections Backing Front-End collisions vehicle number 1 into vehicle number 2 Rearend Collisions Vehicle Number 2 into vehicle number 1 Passing Safely Being Passed Lane Encroachment Blind Spot Not Valid Excuse Grade Crossings Clackamas Community College Approach of Opposing Vehicles Turning Weather Alleys, Driveways and Plant Entrances Fixed Objects Private Property, Driveways, Lawns, Etc. Parking Mechanical Failure Non-Collision 60
Accident Prevention Strategies Aim High in Steering Get the Big Picture Keep Your Eyes Moving Leave Yourself An Out Make Sure They See You Clackamas Community College 61
Accident and Safety Management Daylight Use Nighttime Use Reflective Triangles Placement Four-way Flashers Clackamas Community College 62
Accident Process Remain calm Only talk to the proper officials Understand the process Take care of the people and process Exemplify the company throughout the process Clackamas Community College 63
Trip Planning Review your assigned trip Complete questions in workbook Be prepared to discuss your rationale behind your answers Review as a team Clackamas Community College 64
Workshop Closure Assessment(s) Feedback Evaluations Clackamas Community College 65
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