Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1 Bioprocessing technology Uses

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Bioprocessing technology § Uses whole living cells or components of them to manufacture desired products. § Most common whole cells used are yeast and bacteria (one-celled organisms). § Most common components are enzymes (proteins that catalyze chemical reactions). § Cells isolated from animals and plants also are used to produce desired products.

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 2. Genetic engineering § The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains. § More specifically is known as recombinant DNA (r. DNA) technology. § The product of r. DNA technology is known as a genetically modified organism, or GMO. § Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E. coli → bacteria that make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical).

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — better crops, improved animal health 2. Medical and health care applications — new tests, vaccines, medicines 3. Chemical and environmental applications — better manufacturing processes and consumer products

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — crops and forest § Improve crop yields by introducing genes that confer resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to environmental stresses (drought, heat, cold). § Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet demand for wood products.

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 1. Agricultural applications — improve animal health § Better detection of disease § More nutritious feed § New and more effective vaccines § Improved treatments for diseases

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 2. Medical and Health Care Applications § New diagnostic tests Example: quick test for strep throat § MANY new treatments for diseases and conditions Examples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, leukemia and other cancers; hepatitis; rheumatoid arthritis; growth deficiencies; transplant rejection

Practical Applications of Biotechnology 3. Chemical and Environmental Applications (Industrial Biotechnology) § Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents. § Use genetically modified microorganisms that break down industrial waste. § Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics. § Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products.