NILAI NORMAL SPECIMEN HENDRA WIJAYA Iron plays a

NILAI NORMAL SPECIMEN HENDRA WIJAYA

Iron plays a principal role in erythropoiesis, because it is necessary for proliferation and maturation of RBCs and for hemoglobin synthesis. Of the body’s normal 4 g of iron (somewhat less in women), about 65 percent resides in hemoglobin and about 3 percent in myoglobin. A tiny but vital amount of iron is found in cellular enzymes, which catalyze the oxidation and reduction of iron. The remainder is stored in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen as ferritin or hemosiderin. 1

A CBC includes 1. enumeration of the cellular elements of the blood, 2. evaluation of RBC indices, and 3. determination of cell morphology by means of stained smears. Counting is performed by automated electronic devices capable of rapid analysis of blood amples with a measurement error of less than 2 percent. 20

The mature RBC (erythrocyte) is a biconcave disk with an average life span of 120 days. Because it lacks a nucleus and mitochondria, it is unable to synthesize protein, and its limited metabolism is barely enough to sustain it.

ERYTHROCYTE (RBC) COUNT The erythrocyte (RBC) count, a component of the CBC, is the etermination of the number of RBCs per cubic millimeter. In international units, this is expressed as the number of RBCs per liter of blood. The test is less significant by itself than it is in computing Hgb, Hct, and RBC indices.

HEMATOCRIT Blood consists of a fluid portion (plasma) and a solid portion that includes RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. More than 99 percent of the total blood cell mass is composed of RBCs. The Hct or packed RBC volume measures the proportion of RBCs in a volume of whole blood and is expressed as a percentage.

HEMATOCRIT

HEMOGLOBIN

RBC indices are calculated mean values that reflect the size, weight, and Hgb content of individual erythrocytes. They consist of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin. concentration (MCHC). MCV indicates the volume of the Hgb in each RBC, MCH is the weight of the Hgb in each RBC, and MCHC is the proportion of Hgb contained in each RBC. MCHC is a valuable indicator of Hgb deficiency and of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the individual erythrocyte. A cell of abnormal size, abnormal shape, or both may contain an inadequate proportion of Hgb

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE

WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT

WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT

WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT

WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT

WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT

CARBOHYDRATE

Blood Glucose (Serum Glucose, Plasma Glucose)

Blood Glucose (Serum Glucose, Plasma Glucose)

Two-Hour Postprandial Blood Glucose (Postprandial Blood Sugar)

ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST

PROTEIN

PROTEIN METABOLITE

KREATININ Creatinine is the end product of creatine metabolism. Creatine, although synthesized largely in the liver, resides almost exclusively in skeletal muscle, where it reversibly combines with phosphate to form the energy storage compound phosphocreatine. This reaction (creatine phosphate ←→ phosphocreatine) repeats as energy is released and regenerated, but in the process small amounts of creatine are irreversibly converted to creatinine, which serves no useful function and circulates only for transportation to the kidneys. The amount of creatinine generated in an individual is proportional to the mass of skeletal muscle present; level of muscular activity is not a critical eterminant.

KREATININ

LIPID

TRYGLICERIDE

CHOLESTEROL

ELECTROLYTES

SERUM SODIUM

SERUM CALCIUM

VITAMIN A