4 06 Understand the functions and disorders of

4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Understand the functions and disorders of the female reproductive system

Essential questions n n What are the functions of the female reproductive system? What are some common disorders of the female reproductive system? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the female reproductive system? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the female reproductive system? 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 3

Functions of the female reproductive system n Ovary q q Produces ova (egg) for fertilization Produces estrogen and progesterone 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 4

Functions of the female reproductive system n Fallopian tubes q q Transports the ova from the ovary to the uterus monthly; transports fertilized egg to uterus for implantation Since there is no direct connection between the ovaries and fallopian tubes, the egg is transported to the uterus in a fluid produced by the fimbriae 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 5

Functions of the female reproductive system n Uterus q Nurtures the fertilized egg until the baby is mature enough for birth 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 6

Functions of the female reproductive system n Cervix q q Allows for the flow of menstrual blood from the uterus into the vagina Directs sperm into the uterus during intercourse 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 7

Functions of the female reproductive system n Vagina q q Serves as a conduit for menstrual flow from the uterus Serves as the birth canal during childbirth 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 8

Functions of the female reproductive system n External genitalia q Provide protection for the internal female reproductive organs 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 9

Functions of the female reproductive system n Mammary glands (breasts) q Produce milk for breastfeeding 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 10

Functions of the female reproductive system n Menstrual Cycle q q Usually 28 days Four stages n n Follicle stage Ovulation stage Corpus luteum stage Menstruation stage 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 11

Functions of the female reproductive system n Follicle stage q q Usually lasts about 10 days Follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormone is released by the pituitary FSH stimulates the follicle and ovum to mature Resulting in the release of estrogen and preparation of the uterine lining 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 12

Functions of the female reproductive system n Ovulation stage q q The pituitary stops producing FSH and starts producing luteinizing hormone (LH) At day 14 in the menstrual cycle, the follicle ruptures and the ovum is released 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 13

Functions of the female reproductive system n Corpus luteum stage q q Secretes progesterone and continues to do so if the egg is fertilized, preventing further ovulation and maintaining the uterine lining Lasts about 14 days 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 14

Functions of the female reproductive system n Menstruation stage q q q Final stage if fertilization of the ova has not taken place The corpus luteum diminishes progesterone production The uterine lining is broken down and discharged over the course of 3 to 6 days 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 15

Functions of the female reproductive system 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 16

Relevance of nutrients to the female reproductive system n The female reproductive system plays a vital role in homeostasis q Help regulate hormonal balance and fetal development during pregnancy 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 17

Understand the functions and disorders of the male reproductive system

Essential questions n n n What is the function of the male reproductive system? What are some common disorders of the male reproductive system? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the male and female reproductive systems 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 19

Functions of the male reproductive system Hormone production What is the male sex hormone? -testosterone; plays a key role in the development of male reproductive structures and promoting secondary sex characteristics 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 20

Function of the male reproductive system Reproduction: the production of offspring by sexual or asexual processes 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 21

Functions of the male reproductive system: Testes § Seminiferous tubules: produce, maintain, and store the sperm § Epididymis: transports sperm from the testes 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 22

Functions of the male reproductive system Sperm § What is the function of the sperm? § § § Pass on the necessary biological information required to produce a new organism The average male will produce about 525 billion sperm cells in a lifetime Pathway of sperm § Testes – Epididymis – Vas Deferens – Ejaculatory Duct – Urethra 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 23

Functions of the male reproductive system: Discuss the functions of these structures: § Vas Deferens-45 cm structure that connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct; transports mature sperm to the urethra § Ejaculatory ductformed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 24

Functions of the male reproductive system: Seminal vesicles -Holds the liquid that mixes with sperm to form semen 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 25

Functions of the male reproductive system: Urethra How does the urethra serve the reproductive system? -ejaculates semen 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 26

Functions of the male reproductive system: Prostate gland What is the function of the secretion produced by the prostate gland? -nourishes and protects the sperm 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 27

Functions of the male reproductive system: Bulbourethral glands Also called Cowper’s gland What is the function of the secretion produced by the bulbourethral glands? -adds fluids to semen during ejaculation 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 28

Functions of the male reproductive system: What is the reproductive function of the penis? -becomes erect during intercourse in order to deliver semen more effectively into the vagina 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 29

Reproductive process: conception 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 30

Reproductive process Conception -when the sperm and the egg unite -pregnancy occurs 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 31

Functions of the female reproductive system Pregnancy q What is the human gestational period? n q 40 weeks Terms to remember: n Embryo q n Fetus q n 1 -8 weeks 9 -40 weeks Newborn q At birth 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 32

Reproductive process: fetal development n 6 -8 weeks n 17 -19 weeks n 12 -14 weeks n 5 -6 months 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 33

Functions of the female reproductive system Labor q Dilation stage n n n The uterine smooth muscle begins to contract Contractions move the fetus down the uterus and cause the cervix to dilate The cervix is completely dilated at 10 centimeters 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 34

Functions of the female reproductive system q Placental stage n n n The last stage of labor Also known as afterbirth Delivered due to final uterine contractions 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 35

Functions of the female reproductive system q Expulsion stage n The baby is actually delivered q q Natural Cesarean 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 36

Reproductive process: Female contraception Abstinence Sterilization q Hormonal Methods Tubal ligation Barrier methods q q q Female condom Spermicides Diaphragm Cervical cap Contraceptive sponge q q q Birth Control Pills Depo-Provera Lunelle Nuva. Ring/Vaginal Ring Ortho Evra Patch/Birth Control Patch Intrauterine Device (IUD) 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 37

Reproductive process: male contraception Abstinence Vasectomy q q Vas / ectomy Permanent Condoms Compare the benefits and concerns with each form of male contraception. 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 38

Sexually transmitted infections n n n n Chlamydia Genital warts Gonorrhea Herpes HIV Syphilis Trichomonas Effects females May or and ma may no l t p resent s es. May or ymptom may no s. t have a cure! 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 39

Essential questions n n n What are the functions of the female reproductive system? What are some common disorders of the female reproductive system? What is the function of the male reproductive system? What are some common disorders of the male reproductive system? How do the male and female reproductive system work together? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the male and female reproductive systems? 4. 06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 40