Review for Chapter 8 Test What is an
- Slides: 55
Review for Chapter 8 Test
What is an object or an act that stands for something else? • Symbol
a+b=c is an example of what problem solving technique? • Algorithm
“Mrs. Ponder almost never uses the letter C on her multiple choice test answers” is an example of what type of problem solving techniques? • Representative Heuristic
The beginning often language in babies occurs when the start • Learning vocabulary
When you randomly use each key on a set of keys to open a door, it is an example of • Trial and Error
Grouping of objects, events or ideas by characteristics is called • Concepts
An example the exemplifies the concept is called • Prototype
A person’s inborn tendency to acquire a language is known as • Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
Young children who have just learned grammar rules often • Incorrectly use words that they had used correctly before
Creative problem solving involves what type of thinking? • Divergent thinking
When someone breaks a problem down into parts try to solve each par t individually, it is called • Means-end analysis
In _______ reasoning, if the basic statement leading to the conclusion is true, then the conclusion is also true. • Deductive
What is the problem solving method that identifies goals and the step needed to reach them? • Difference Reduction Method
What is the type of thinking that is limited to the available facts? • Convergent
If a person is the same religion that their parents are, they have probably relied on the _________ Heuristic? • Anchoring Heuristic
Not traveling by airplane because of the fear of what had happened last week in the newspaper is and example of ______ Heuristics. • Availability
What are the ABCDE’ s of problem solving? • A- assess the problem • B- Brainstorm approaches to the problem • C-Choose the approach that seems most likely to work • D-Do it, try the most likely approach • E-Evaluate the results
What is an idea or a statement that provide the basic information that allow us to draw conclusions? • Premise
What is the sudden understanding on when a problem is solved? • Insight
When someone cannot use an object other than its normal use it is called? • Functional Fixedness
What is it called when someone uses a balance sheet to see the positives and the negatives of a situation? • Weighing the pluses and minuses
What are the sounds of language? • Phonemes
What is the grammar of any given language called? • Syntax
Units of meaning in a language? • Morphemes
Stretching the meaning of words to refer to things for which they do not have words for is called • Overextension
Psychologist believe that a second language is most easily learned, when? • During early childhood
A form of thinking that involves using individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion is called • Inductive reasoning
Commonly when people are working with a paper maze, they will use this problem solving technique? • Working backwards
The tendency to respond to a new problem with an approach that was successfully used with similar problems is called • Mental set
Free spontaneous production of possible e approaches or solutions to a problem is called • Brainstorming
The Language acquisition device is • Inborn tendency to acquire a language
An example of a formula would be which type of problem solving technique • Algorithm
Premise is true, and then the conclusion is also true in what type of reasoning? • Deductive Reasoning
An example that exemplifies the concept is called • Prototype
When someone breaks a problem down into parts trying to solve each part individually, it is called • Means-Ends Analysis
Using individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion is what form of thinking • Inductive Reasoning
What is a rule of thumb, or shortcut, used to solve a problem? • Heuristic
What is the problem-solving method that identifies goals and the steps needed to reach them? • Difference Reduction
What are objects or acts that stand for something else, enable us to think about things that are not present? • Symbols
Functional fixedness can become • An obstacle to solving a problem • Ex. The scissors example
What three types of thinking are most closely related to language? • Decision making • Problem solving • Reasoning
Creative problem solving involves • Divergent Thinking
A morpheme generally consists of • Single letters • Multiple letters • Letters that form a prefix or suffix
In inductive reasoning, the tendency to prove the hypothesis correct is known as • Confirmation Bias
What is overextension? • Trying to talk about more things than they have words for
What are objects or acts that stand for something else, enable us to think about things that are not present? • Symbols
People often solve problems by trying the same solution that worked for a similar problem. • Analogy
Problem-solving method that identifies goals and the steps needed to reach them? • Difference Reduction Method
“Coach Booth never gives multiple choice tests is a statement that comes from which type of problem solving technique? • Representativeness heuristic
A type of decision making solution in which the basic information available to the person is in their immediate consciousness. • Availability heuristic
If someone has the same political beliefs as their parents they have probably made these decisions based on … • Anchoring Heuristic
Which type of reasoning would use thinking that involves using individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion? (Inductive or Deductive)? • Inductive Reasoning
Lack of evidence, ignoring examples, and the tendency to stick to personal beliefs reasoning is considered…. • Over confidence
What type of heuristic helps people make decisions using the basic information available to them in their immediate consciousness. . . (ex. Airplane crash-won’t fly-dangerous) • Availability Heuristic
