Notes TensionOMeter Tensions that lead to the Civil

Notes: Tension-O-Meter Tensions that lead to the Civil War You! Rank the reaction!!!!

Frederick Douglass • Escaped slave • A leader of the anti-slavery group in Mass. • Published a newspaper called the “North Star. ” • He worked for African American rights and was against slavery. N= X 2 -3 S= X 2 -3

Missouri Compromise 1820 • Maine enters as a “free state”, and Missouri enters a “slave state. ” • Desire to maintain balance of free and slave states as more states entered the union. ? ? • Imaginary line drawn for slavery 36º 30º latitude line prohibited slavery north of the line (south of line could have slavery). • Eased tensions- neither side happy N= X 1 S= X 1

Compromise of 1850 • The Compromise of 1850 was a group of laws passed by Congress. (Henry Clay’s idea) • 1. California enters as a “free state”. • 2. Mexican Cession was divided into twoterritories( Utah, New Mexico) and popular sovereignty would decide whether they were free or not. • 3. Stricter Fugitive Slave Law. • 4. Forbid buying and selling of slaves in the District of Columbia. Eased tensions/neither happy N= X 1 S= X 1

Personal Liberty Laws • Fugitive Slave Law= citizens had to help federal officers catch runaway slaves. • Legislatures in the Northern states passed personal liberty laws: forbid people to help slave owners find runaway slaves. • This made enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law almost impossible. N= X 3 S= X 3

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a book called, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which reflected her hatred of slavery. • It became popular in the North (300, 000 copies sold), but banned in the South. • Southerners accused that the views about slavery were exaggerated. N= X 3. 5 -4 S= X 4

Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 • Stephen A. Douglas wanted to build railroad through the Kansas Nebraska Territory-makes deal with the South • Allow slavery in K &N territory? • Popular Sovereignty would be used to decide slavery in K&N territories. • Ended Missouri Compromise/both sides unhappy! Violence erupts! N= X 3 S= X 1 -2?

Bleeding Kansas • Race to see who would settle Kansas first, the abolitionists, or the proslavery settlers. • They did this so they could vote for or against Kansas being a free or slave state(popular sovereignty). • In May of 1856, proslavery settlers attacked the free-soil headquarters. • 200 people were killed, given the name “Bleeding Kansas”. N X 4 s X 4

Republican Party 1854 • formed in 1854 -determined to stop the spread of slavery in the territories. • Strength in the North • Lost election of 1856 -not enough strength to win majority of electoral votes N= X 3 S= X 3

Dred Scott Decision 1857 • Dred Scott was a slave, was brought from Missouri to a free state(IL, WI). • When his owner died, Scott sued the court to become a free man. • Supreme Court Ruled: 1. slaves were property 2. slaves could not sue in court 3. slavery was legal anywhere-all territories N= X 4 S= X 4

John Brown at Harper’s Ferry 1859 • Slavery became the most important issue (late 1850’s). • John Brown dreamed of freeing all Southern slaves. • Took over federal arsenal (guns and ammo). at Harper’s Ferry VA, where he tried to lead a rebellion(held out for 2 days)/lost and was hanged. • Many viewed the attack as being foolish, but others saw Brown as a hero! N= X 1? S= X 4

Election of Lincoln 1860 • Democratic vote split between Douglass and Breckinridge (favored secession) • Northern Demos voted Douglas • Southern Demos voted Breckinridge • New party: Constitutional Union Party nominated John Bell • Lincoln (Republican) wins in electoral college N= X 4 S= X 4

Secession 1860 • Dec. 20, 1860, South Carolina drops out of the Union • MS, FL, AL, TX, GA, LA • February 1861 -6 other states leave the Union • Jefferson Davis elected President N= X 4 S= X 4

Fort Sumter 1861 • Federal fort in S. C. • Confederacy took over fort April 12, 1861 • Lincoln sends reinforcements • First shots fired by South • Civil War starts • VA, TN, AK, NC-leave the Union N= X 4 S= X 4

WIO Causes of the Civil War Spectrum Make a spectrum on your paper from and Least to Most. List the 13 events that lead to the American Civil War on the spectrum and a one sentence summary of the event and why it caused high/low tensions Most tension/upset Middle of conflict Least/Eased tensions Write a one sentence summary of each issue