Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9 1 Introduction to
![Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-1.jpg)
![Stoichiometry (STOY-KEE-AHM-EH-TREE) • The study of quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical Stoichiometry (STOY-KEE-AHM-EH-TREE) • The study of quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-2.jpg)
![The Mole The Mole](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-3.jpg)
![Reaction Stoichiometry Problems Use Molar Mass! Given Mass Given Moles Use Mole Ratio! Unknown Reaction Stoichiometry Problems Use Molar Mass! Given Mass Given Moles Use Mole Ratio! Unknown](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-4.jpg)
![Mole Ratio • A conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any Mole Ratio • A conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-5.jpg)
![Molar Ratios 1 mole of ethanol reacts with 3 moles of oxygen to produce Molar Ratios 1 mole of ethanol reacts with 3 moles of oxygen to produce](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-6.jpg)
![Mole Relations Mole Relations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-7.jpg)
![Review: Molar Mass A substance’s molar mass (molecular weight) is the mass in grams Review: Molar Mass A substance’s molar mass (molecular weight) is the mass in grams](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-8.jpg)
![Molar Mass • Molar mass of compounds and elements is used to convert: given Molar Mass • Molar mass of compounds and elements is used to convert: given](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-9.jpg)
![Using Compound Masses Using Compound Masses](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-10.jpg)
![Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-11.jpg)
![Problem Solving Methods • Ideal Stoichiometry - All reactants are converted into products • Problem Solving Methods • Ideal Stoichiometry - All reactants are converted into products •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-12.jpg)
![Problem Solving Methods Find Moles of Given using Molar Mass Use Mole Ratios of Problem Solving Methods Find Moles of Given using Molar Mass Use Mole Ratios of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-13.jpg)
![Steps to Solving Problems 1. Start with a correctly balanced chemical equation. 2. Use Steps to Solving Problems 1. Start with a correctly balanced chemical equation. 2. Use](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-14.jpg)
![Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6. 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6. 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-15.jpg)
![Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6. 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6. 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-16.jpg)
![Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 3 Limiting Reactants & Percent Yield Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 3 Limiting Reactants & Percent Yield](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-17.jpg)
![Limiting Reactant The limiting reactant is the reactant that is consumed first, limiting the Limiting Reactant The limiting reactant is the reactant that is consumed first, limiting the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-18.jpg)
![Limiting Reactant? • • • I want to make chocolate chip cookies. I find Limiting Reactant? • • • I want to make chocolate chip cookies. I find](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-19.jpg)
![Limiting Reagents - Combustion Limiting Reagents - Combustion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-20.jpg)
![Identifying the Limiting Reactant 1. Convert grams of each reactant to moles if the Identifying the Limiting Reactant 1. Convert grams of each reactant to moles if the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-21.jpg)
![Stoichiometry with Limiting Reactants • To calculate an amount of product produced: All calculations Stoichiometry with Limiting Reactants • To calculate an amount of product produced: All calculations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-22.jpg)
![Percent Yield • Theoretical Yield The maximum amount of product that can be produced Percent Yield • Theoretical Yield The maximum amount of product that can be produced](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-23.jpg)
![Calculating Percent Yield • The ratio of the actual yield to theoretical yield, multiplied Calculating Percent Yield • The ratio of the actual yield to theoretical yield, multiplied](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-24.jpg)
![How many times did you see the mole? ? ? 8 How many times did you see the mole? ? ? 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-25.jpg)
- Slides: 25
![Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-1.jpg)
Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry
![Stoichiometry STOYKEEAHMEHTREE The study of quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical Stoichiometry (STOY-KEE-AHM-EH-TREE) • The study of quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-2.jpg)
Stoichiometry (STOY-KEE-AHM-EH-TREE) • The study of quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical reactions. • Composition Stoichiometry - deals with mass relationships of elements in compounds • Reaction Stoichiometry - Involves mass relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction
![The Mole The Mole](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-3.jpg)
The Mole
![Reaction Stoichiometry Problems Use Molar Mass Given Mass Given Moles Use Mole Ratio Unknown Reaction Stoichiometry Problems Use Molar Mass! Given Mass Given Moles Use Mole Ratio! Unknown](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-4.jpg)
Reaction Stoichiometry Problems Use Molar Mass! Given Mass Given Moles Use Mole Ratio! Unknown Moles Use Molar Mass! Unknown Mass 1. Given and unknown quantities are in moles 2. Given is an amount in moles and the unknown is a mass (usually in grams) 3. Given is a mass in grams and the unknown is an amount in moles 4. Given is a mass in grams and the unknown is a mass in grams
![Mole Ratio A conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any Mole Ratio • A conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-5.jpg)
Mole Ratio • A conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction • The coefficients in a balanced reaction will usually serve as a molar ratio! • Mole ratio is used to convert: given moles → unknown moles
![Molar Ratios 1 mole of ethanol reacts with 3 moles of oxygen to produce Molar Ratios 1 mole of ethanol reacts with 3 moles of oxygen to produce](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-6.jpg)
Molar Ratios 1 mole of ethanol reacts with 3 moles of oxygen to produce 2 moles of carbon dioxide and 3 moles of water C 2 H 5 OH + 3 O 2 → 2 CO 2 + 3 H 2 O The ratio of ethanol to oxygen is: 1 mol to 3 mol The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is: 3 mol to 2 mol The ratio of carbon to hydrogen in ethanol is: 2 mol to 6 mol, or 1 mol to 3 mol
![Mole Relations Mole Relations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-7.jpg)
Mole Relations
![Review Molar Mass A substances molar mass molecular weight is the mass in grams Review: Molar Mass A substance’s molar mass (molecular weight) is the mass in grams](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-8.jpg)
Review: Molar Mass A substance’s molar mass (molecular weight) is the mass in grams of one mole of the compound. CO 2 = 44. 01 grams per mole H 2 O = 18. 02 grams per mole Ca(OH)2 = 74. 10 grams per mole
![Molar Mass Molar mass of compounds and elements is used to convert given Molar Mass • Molar mass of compounds and elements is used to convert: given](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-9.jpg)
Molar Mass • Molar mass of compounds and elements is used to convert: given mass → given moles and unknown moles → unknown mass
![Using Compound Masses Using Compound Masses](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-10.jpg)
Using Compound Masses
![Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-11.jpg)
Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations
![Problem Solving Methods Ideal Stoichiometry All reactants are converted into products Problem Solving Methods • Ideal Stoichiometry - All reactants are converted into products •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-12.jpg)
Problem Solving Methods • Ideal Stoichiometry - All reactants are converted into products • Mass-Mass Problems Start with a known mass of reactant or product, find an unknown mass of another reactant or product • All other stoichiometry problems are derivations (shortened versions) of this larger solution
![Problem Solving Methods Find Moles of Given using Molar Mass Use Mole Ratios of Problem Solving Methods Find Moles of Given using Molar Mass Use Mole Ratios of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-13.jpg)
Problem Solving Methods Find Moles of Given using Molar Mass Use Mole Ratios of find Moles of Unknown Find Grams of Unknown using Molar Mass Assume all reactants turn into products!
![Steps to Solving Problems 1 Start with a correctly balanced chemical equation 2 Use Steps to Solving Problems 1. Start with a correctly balanced chemical equation. 2. Use](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-14.jpg)
Steps to Solving Problems 1. Start with a correctly balanced chemical equation. 2. Use key words in the problem statement to identify substances as either reactants or products. 3. Determine what units you've been given and what you are being asked to find. 4. Label each step with the correct units! 5. The units from the numerator of the first step become the units in the denominator of the next step, and so forth. 6. Stop when you have an answer with the units that you are searching for!
![Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6. 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-15.jpg)
Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6. 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of oxygen. How many grams of aluminum oxide are formed. Identify reactants and products and write the balanced equation. 4 Al + 3 O 2 2 Al 2 O 3 a. Every reaction needs a yield sign! b. What are the reactants? c. What are the products? d. What are the balanced coefficients?
![Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6. 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-16.jpg)
Solving a Stoichiometry Problem 6. 50 grams of aluminum reacts with an excess of oxygen. How many grams of aluminum oxide are formed? 4 Al + 3 O 2 2 Al 2 O 3 6. 50 g Al X 1 mol Al 26. 98 g Al X 2 mol Al 2 O 3 4 mol Al 6. 50 x 2 x 101. 96 ÷ 26. 98 ÷ 4 = X 101. 96 g Al 2 O 3 1 mol Al 2 O 3 12. 3 g Al 2 O 3 = ? g Al 2 O 3
![Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9 3 Limiting Reactants Percent Yield Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 3 Limiting Reactants & Percent Yield](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-17.jpg)
Chapter 9 Reaction Stoichiometry 9. 3 Limiting Reactants & Percent Yield
![Limiting Reactant The limiting reactant is the reactant that is consumed first limiting the Limiting Reactant The limiting reactant is the reactant that is consumed first, limiting the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-18.jpg)
Limiting Reactant The limiting reactant is the reactant that is consumed first, limiting the amounts of products formed.
![Limiting Reactant I want to make chocolate chip cookies I find Limiting Reactant? • • • I want to make chocolate chip cookies. I find](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-19.jpg)
Limiting Reactant? • • • I want to make chocolate chip cookies. I find in my kitchen: 40 lbs. of butter two lbs. of salt 1 gallon of vanilla extract 80 lbs. of chocolate chips 200 lbs. of flour 150 lbs. of sugar 150 lbs. of brown sugar ten lbs. of baking soda TWO eggs It should be clear that the number of cookies I make will be limited by the number of eggs!
![Limiting Reagents Combustion Limiting Reagents - Combustion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-20.jpg)
Limiting Reagents - Combustion
![Identifying the Limiting Reactant 1 Convert grams of each reactant to moles if the Identifying the Limiting Reactant 1. Convert grams of each reactant to moles if the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-21.jpg)
Identifying the Limiting Reactant 1. Convert grams of each reactant to moles if the problem has not already done so 2. Use molar ratios from the balance chemical equation to determine which reactant is limiting, and which reactant is in excess • Excess Reactant The substance that is not used up completely in a reaction
![Stoichiometry with Limiting Reactants To calculate an amount of product produced All calculations Stoichiometry with Limiting Reactants • To calculate an amount of product produced: All calculations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-22.jpg)
Stoichiometry with Limiting Reactants • To calculate an amount of product produced: All calculations should start with the amount of the limiting reactant (LR), not the excess reactant (XS)!
![Percent Yield Theoretical Yield The maximum amount of product that can be produced Percent Yield • Theoretical Yield The maximum amount of product that can be produced](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-23.jpg)
Percent Yield • Theoretical Yield The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant (from stoichiometric calculations!) • Actual Yield The measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction (from laboratory experiments)
![Calculating Percent Yield The ratio of the actual yield to theoretical yield multiplied Calculating Percent Yield • The ratio of the actual yield to theoretical yield, multiplied](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-24.jpg)
Calculating Percent Yield • The ratio of the actual yield to theoretical yield, multiplied by 100 Percent = Yield Actual Yield Theoretical Yield X 100
![How many times did you see the mole 8 How many times did you see the mole? ? ? 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/bcffaf7b77b5569a970b865fc7b10e10/image-25.jpg)
How many times did you see the mole? ? ? 8
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