Ways of expressing the future 1 2 3

Ways of expressing the future 1. 2. 3. 4. Future Simple Tense Future Continuous Tense Future Perfect Tense Future with “going to” 5. 6. 7. 8. The Present Continuous Tense The Present simple Tense TO BE + infinitive TO BE ABOUT +infinitive

The future simple tense

Sample sentences • • I'm too tired to walk home. I'll take a taxi. Perhaps she will accept our offer. Will you please be quiet? I hope I will find another job soon.

The future simple tense • Form: Will + infinitive • • • They will meet us at the station. Interrogative: Will they meet us at the station? Negative: They won’t meet us at the station. SHALL is used for suggestions: Shall we meet again next week? SHALL is also used for the future in formal situations, for example legal documents.

We use Future Simple Tense: 1. to indicate an activity decided at the time of speaking (spontaneous decision): • • A: Have you typed the letter I gave you this morning? B: Oh, I forgot. I'll do it now. A: Never mind. I won't send it till tomorrow. B: OK then. I'll bring it to your office as soon as I've finished it.

We use Future Simple Tense: 2. to predict or ask about future happenings or future situations: • Manchester United will win tonight. • This time next year I'll be in London. Where will you be?

The Future Simple Tense This time next year we will be millionaires!

We use Future Simple Tense: 3. to talk about future events that we see as facts (future facts): • Next year I’ll be 25. • Next month will be our tenth anniversary.

We use Future Simple Tense: 4. after verbs of mental activity such as think, expect, hope, etc. : • Do you think that his behaviour will cause a lot of trouble? • I hope I will find another job soon. • I think I'll be a bit late for the meeting.

We use Future Simple Tense: 5. after adverbs of certainty, probability and possibility, such as surely, probably, maybe, perhaps, etc. : • You must meet our new colleague. You will surely like her. • They will probably say yes. • Perhaps they will accept our offer.

Future time markers • next. . . • (next week/month/year, etc. ) • on + day/date • (on Monday, on 20 th January, etc. ) • in + month/year • (in July, in 2018, etc. ) • tomorrow

The Future Continuous Tense

Sample sentences • We'll be talking about the effects of climate change during our next meeting in Paris. • You'll recognize her when you see her. She will be wearing a yellow hat.

The Future Continuous Tense • Form: will be + verb-ing This time next year I’ll be living in London. Interrogative: Will you be living in London this time next year? Negative: This time next year I won’t be living in London.

We use the Future Continuous Tense to say that something will be in progress at a certain time in the future (i. e. that we will be in the middle of doing something at a certain time in the future): • This time tomorrow I will be having lunch with my best friend. • Please don’t call tomorrow from 3 to 4 pm. I will be presenting the results of the experiment.

The Future Perfect Simple Tense

Sample sentences • We're late. I expect the movie will already have started by the time we get to the cinema. • I will have finished my studies by the end of next year.

Form will have + past participle I will have finished the report by 10 o’clock. Interrogative: Will you have finished the report by 10 o’clock. Negative: I won’t have finished the report by 10 o’clock.

We use the Future Perfect Simple: 1. to say that something will already have happened before a certain time in the future (i. e. to talk about something completed in the future): • • She will have completed her undergraduate studies before the end of the year. By this time next month we'll have finished the preparations for the conference.

The Future with GOING TO

Sample sentences • We are going to open a new bookstore in Belgrade next year. • Prices have risen. People are going to buy less. • I like my job. I'm not going to look for another one!

Form to be going + infinitive I am going to change my job. Are you going to change your job? I’m not going to change my job.

We use GOING to: 1. to indicate or ask about an action that has already been decided: • You have a lot to do. Are you going to work overtime? No, I'm too tired. I'm going to have an early night. • We are going to open a new shop in London next year.

We use GOING to: 2. to indicate an intention: • She is going to apply for the scholarship. • They are going to buy a digital camera for her birthday.

We use GOING TO: 3. to indicate a future activity based on the present situation (i. e. when there is something in the present situation that makes the speaker sure about what will happen in the future, especially the near future): • The sky has gone really dark. There is going to be a storm some time soon. • Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain.

WILL OR GOING TO • In many cases, however, it is possible to predict future events using either GOING TO or WILL. There is little difference in meaning, but GOING TO usually suggests that the event will happen soon. Cf. § I don’t think the present government will win the next election. § I don’t think the present government is going to win the next election.

WILL OR GOING TO • There are occasions when we can use either form: • In my presentation I’ll talk/I’m going to talk about three main areas. First, … • Here the speaker could see it as a fact (will) or an intention (going to).

GOING TO OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS? For future plans and arrangements there is often little difference between going to and the present continuous • I’m going to give/I give ’m giving my presentation on Friday. Going to can suggest that the details of the arrangement have not been finalised. The present continuous can suggest that the arrangement is more fixed, with a time and a place. • I’m going to meet him next week. (just a plan, time and place are still unknown) • I’m meeting him at ten in my office. (a definite, fixed arrangement)

Time markers: • next. . . (next week/month/year, etc. ) • ON + day/date (on Monday, on 20 January, etc. ) • IN + month/year (in July, in 2004, etc. ) • tomorrow

Other ways of expressing the future: • TO BE + infinitive • TO BE ABOUT +infinitive • THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE • THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

TO BE + infinitive (definite arrangements – official, formal) • The President is to visit Germany next week. • The conference is to be held on 5 th May.

TO BE ABOUT + infinitive (soon after the time of speaking) • I'm about to tell you something very important. • The meeting is about to begin.

The Present Continuous Tense (something already arranged) • We are opening a new bookstore in Rome. • I'm seeing my friend for lunch tomorrow.

The Present Simple Tense (schedule, timetable, arrangements) • The plane for Paris leaves at 3. 30. • What time does the meeting begin?

Match sentences with their uses: 1. I’m going to ask my boss for a pay rise next week. 2. I’m sorry to hear that. I’ll find out what the problem is right now. 3. I’m sorry, but I won’t be here tomorrow. I’ll be in Paris. 4. I’m meeting Angela for lunch. Do you want to join us? 5. They will probably like her when they see her. 6. With so much competition it’s going to be difficult for him to win. A. a future fact B. an opinion about the future C. a spontaneous decision D. a future plan or intention E. a prediction based on the present situation F. a future arrangement

Match sentences with their uses: 1. We’re going to open a new bookshop in Belgrade. 2. Sorry about this confusion. I’ll look into it right away and I’ll call you back. 3. I’m meeting Jim on Thursday. We’re having lunch together. 4. I think she will probably say yes. 5. Next year will be the tenth anniversary of our company. 6. During my presentation, I’ll be describing the main benefits of our new service. 7. Judging by these figures, our company is going to make a small loss this year. 8. It’s not a difficult job. We’ll have finished by lunchtime. A. future facts B. fixed future arrangements C. spontaneous decisions D. future plans or intentions E. predictions based on the present situation. F. general opinions about the future G. activities which will happen before some time in the future H. activities in progress in the future

Some of the restrictions in the choices: • !!! DO NOT use the future simple to talk about arrangements. Use the present continuous instead: • What are you doing this evening? (NOT: What will you do this evening? ) • It is also possible to use future with going to to talk about arrangements: • What are you going to do this evening?

Some of the restrictions in the choices: • !!! DO NOT use the present continuous to make predictions. Use the future simple instead: • According to our latest survey, their candidate will win. • (NOT: is winning) • !!! DO NOT use the present continuous to make promises. Use the future simple instead: • Fine, I'll send you an e-mail right away. (NOT: I'm sending)

Some of the restrictions in the choices: • !!! DO NOT use future with going to/the present continuous/the present simple to announce a spontaneous decision. • Use the future simple instead: • A: I haven't got time to see her tomorrow. • B: OK, I'll see her myself. (NOT: I'm going to see her/I'm seeing her/I see her)

Some of the restrictions in the choices: • !!! DO NOT use the present simple to talk about arrangements. • Use the present continuous instead: • What time are you meeting your best friend tomorrow? (NOT: What time do you meet your best friend tomorrow? )

Choose the correct words in each minidialogue: A: Are you free next Tuesday morning? B: Sorry, I’ll have/I’m having a meeting with Sue. A: Oh, right. Well, what about Thursday?

Choose the correct words in each minidialogue: A: What are your plans for next year? B: We’ll open/We’re going to open a new store in Germany. A: That sounds interesting.

Choose the correct words in each minidialogue: A: What do you think about their new marketing campaign? B: I think it’ll probably succeed/it’s probably succeeding. A: Do you really?

Choose the correct words in each minidialogue: A: What about tomorrow at around five thirty? B: OK, I’ll see you then/I’m seeing you then.

Choose the correct words in each minidialogue: A: So as you can see, I’ve been thinking about this problem quite a lot. B: Yes, I see. So, what are you going to do? /what are you doing? A: Resign!

Choose the correct words in each minidialogue: A: It would be nice to see you next week. B: Yes, it would. Are you doing anything/Will you do anything on Wednesday? A: No, I’m free.

Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the most appropriate future form: will, going to, or present continuous. going to buy Seagram. 1. Have you heard the news? Vivendi is _____ (buy) am meeting 2. I _____ (meet) Andrea at nine next Thursday morning outside the station. is going to be(be) late. 3. I’ve just had a call from Richard. He ____ will be 4. Next year _____ (be) the company’s centenary year. is going (have) to have an accident. 5. This taxi driver is terrible. He _____ 6. In the future, video-conferences _____ replace) will (probably replace many international meetings. are going to(test) test the new machine some time next week. 7. We _______ 8. I _____ am going (go) to Manchester on Friday. won’t (not be (be) 9. Would you mind waiting for a moment? I _____ long.

Choose the correct words: 1. Tomorrow I’ll interview/I’ll be interviewing candidates all morning. 2. We will have moved/will be moving to new premises in August. 3. We will have moved/will be moving to new premises by August. 4. What time does your train leave/will your train leave? 5. We will be repaying/will have repaid the bank loan by December. 6. Will we/Shall we break for coffee now? 7. Sorry, I can’t speak now, I’ll just have a meeting/I’m just about to have a meeting.

Choose the right future form: future continuous (I will be doing), future perfect (I will have done), present continuous (I’m doing) OR present simple (I do): 1. By the time all the papers are ready, the deadline will _____ have passed (pass). arrives 2. The flight _____leaves (leave) at 1 pm and _____ (arrive) at 3. 45. am seeing 3. I _____ (see) Nick tomorrow, so I can give him your message. 4. This taxi is slow. By the time we get there, the meeting _____ (finish). will have finished 5. Sorry, I can’t see you on the 15 th – I _____ (play) golf with a am playing friend. 6. I won’t do anything until I _____ (hear) from you. 7. Hurry up! By the time we arrive, hear the play _____(start). willcourse? have started 8. What _____(you/learn) by the end of your you havethe learnt 9. _____ will (you/use) conference room next Tuesday? you be using 10. Will When I (see) him, I’ll ask him. see