FUTURE FORMS EXPRESSING FUTURE English doesnt have future

FUTURE FORMS

EXPRESSING FUTURE � English doesn’t have future tenses in a way it has present or past tenses � it uses different forms to express future � the choice of the future form depends on the speaker’s view of the situation, not on the time the action takes place

BE GOING TO � Form: present of be (am/are/is) + going to + infinitive e. g. She is going to leave. They are going to move house. She isn’t going to have a baby. Is it going to snow?

BE GOING TO � Use: � to talk about things we have decided to do in the future i. e. something already planned � to predict the future, using information we know

BE GOING TO � A: What are you going to do tomorrow? B: I’m going to visit Paul in Brighton. A: Are you going to drive? B: No, I’m going to take the train. � Look at that blue sky! It’s going to be hot. � I’ve eaten too much. I’m going to be ill! � It’s 11 pm. They aren’t going to call now.

WILL � Form: Positive: will + infinitive Negative: will not (won’t) + infinitive Interrogative: will + subject + infinitive e. g. She will be 25 next month. They will buy a new car. He won’t come on time. Will you come to my party?

WILL � Use: � to talk about future facts � to talk about things we think will happen in the future � for decisions made at the moment of speaking (instant decisions)

WILL � These shoes won’t fit her – it’s not her size. � My parents will celebrate their 50 th wedding anniversary soon. � She will love your new dress. � He’s a good manager, he won’t make any mistakes. � (when the phone rings) I’ll answer it. � (someone’s at the door) Will you get it?

WILL or BE GOING TO? � we use will for actions that we decide to do now, at the moment of speaking past now decision � we use going to for actions that we decided to do before we speak past now decision

WILL or BE GOING TO? we use will to talk about things we think or believe will happen in the future e. g. I’m sure you’ll enjoy the film. I think they’ll win. They play really well. � we use going to for something we expect to happen, because the situation now indicates that it is going to happen e. g. It’s going to rain. Look at all those clouds. He’s running towards the goal, he’s going to score! �

PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR THE FUTURE we use the present continuous to talk about things we have arranged in the past to do in the future e. g. I’m flying home next week. He’s starting a new job on Monday. � we don’t use it for the future events that we cannot arrange e. g. The sun is shining tomorrow. The Irish team are winning next week. �

PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR THE FUTURE � we use present continuous instead of going to with the verbs expressing movement e. g. He’s going to go soon. He is going soon. They’re going to come at 10. They are coming at 10.

PRESENT SIMPLE FOR THE FUTURE � we use present simple for future events that happen according to a schedule or a timetable e. g. The bus leaves at 6 from platform two. Do you finish school early tomorrow? A: What time does your plane leave tomorrow? B: 9, 30. And it gets to Paris at 10, 25.

PRESENT SIMPLE FOR THE FUTURE � we use present simple in subordinate time clauses to refer to the future � present simple comes after the linking words: after, as soon as, before, by the time, until, when, while e. g. When you see her, give her my message. They’ll start as soon as the rain stops. If you come in late, don’t make noise.

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