Proposed ENERGY STAR Specifications for Computer Monitors Craig

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Proposed ENERGY STAR Specifications for Computer Monitors Craig W. Hershberg ENERGY STAR Office Equipment

Proposed ENERGY STAR Specifications for Computer Monitors Craig W. Hershberg ENERGY STAR Office Equipment and Consumer Electronics www. energystar. gov 1

Agenda Computer monitor specification • Objectives • History • Specification highlights • Industry feedback

Agenda Computer monitor specification • Objectives • History • Specification highlights • Industry feedback • Next steps • Questions from EU - EPA agreement • Your comments / questions • Our questions for you 2

Agenda (cont’d) • Do you need specifics ? – Sleep, Off , On, Non-energy

Agenda (cont’d) • Do you need specifics ? – Sleep, Off , On, Non-energy aspects • Test method • The time is right - LCDs 3

Agenda (cont’d) Logistics and other issues • How to collaborate when revising the specifications

Agenda (cont’d) Logistics and other issues • How to collaborate when revising the specifications • Subsequent meetings • Summary of meeting, including action items and schedule for follow-up • Preliminary plans for other Office Equipment Products – procedure for collaboration 4

Objectives • Provide understanding and disclosure of draft monitor specification • Provide detailed answers

Objectives • Provide understanding and disclosure of draft monitor specification • Provide detailed answers to questions • Receive constructive feedback from you • Develop consensus on direction identified today • Agree on next steps 5

The history: • What monitor specs. exist in Europe now ? – GEEA –

The history: • What monitor specs. exist in Europe now ? – GEEA – TCO • Reviewed independent monitor research from Display. Search, IDC, Europeans, and others • Met with monitor manufacturers at COMDEX, CES, Display. Search, and one-on-one (HANS-PAUL) • Analyzed self-reported data from manufacturers in STAR database • Independently measured monitor power use • Compared data with LBNL, ADL studies • Made recommendations to EPA weighed them 6 with others and created draft specification.

Revising the ENERGY STAR Computer Monitor Specification: Highlights 7

Revising the ENERGY STAR Computer Monitor Specification: Highlights 7

Terminology ON: “active”, “full power” SLEEP: After x minutes of inactivity, monitor goes to

Terminology ON: “active”, “full power” SLEEP: After x minutes of inactivity, monitor goes to lower power usage mode. “low power” OFF: “Standby” Remember: ON, SLEEP, AND OFF 8

Current ENERGY STAR Specification • Sets minimum wattage levels in lowpower or “sleep” mode.

Current ENERGY STAR Specification • Sets minimum wattage levels in lowpower or “sleep” mode. – First Sleep Mode: 15 watts – Second or “Deep Sleep” Mode 8 watts 9

Why Revise the Current Specification? • Virtually all monitors meet current ENERGY STAR specification.

Why Revise the Current Specification? • Virtually all monitors meet current ENERGY STAR specification. • Large percentage of monitors are not sleep enabled (i. e. , we are not getting the energy savings we could be). • Recent NRDC research shows energy use in “on” mode is 80 – 90% of total k. Wh/yr. • For “on” and “off” modes, wide range of performance between similar-sized models. • Broad interest in limiting standby power use. 10

Goals for Revised Specification • Incorporate all 3 operating modes: – On (active) –

Goals for Revised Specification • Incorporate all 3 operating modes: – On (active) – Sleep (inactive) – Off (standby) • Performance-based specification. • One specification for all monitors, not one for CRTs, one for LCDs, etc. • Equal or better performance compared to non -ENERGY STAR labeled models. 11

The Core Requirements • Maximum allowable power consumption levels for each mode: On, Sleep,

The Core Requirements • Maximum allowable power consumption levels for each mode: On, Sleep, Off • Consensus test method for measuring active power usage. • Minimum consumer acceptance criteria (brightness, warranty, etc. ) • Product and package labeling. 12

Why Active Power? • Feasible without negatively affecting product performance; in fact, some manufacturers

Why Active Power? • Feasible without negatively affecting product performance; in fact, some manufacturers are already meeting the proposed specifications • Limited additional energy savings potential in sleep and off modes; ; 90% of savings with proposed spec is from “active” • Not dependent on enabling rates • Allows a variety of technologies (e. g. , CRT and LCD) to qualify 13

LCDs • Highlight a new technology in the marketplace • Additional benefits: – Space

LCDs • Highlight a new technology in the marketplace • Additional benefits: – Space – Heat – Power consumption – Useful life – Installation – Disposal 14

On Mode: Active Power Use • Sets maximum allowable active power (W) Power as

On Mode: Active Power Use • Sets maximum allowable active power (W) Power as a function of mega pixels: W = 30 + 20 X Example: monitor has resolution of: 1280 x 1024 = 1, 310, 720 or 1. 31 mega pixels W = 30 + 20 (1. 31) = 56 W 15

On Mode (cont. ) • Technology neutral, agnostic to monitor type (LCD or CRT),

On Mode (cont. ) • Technology neutral, agnostic to monitor type (LCD or CRT), size (15”, 17”, etc. ). • If monitor yields more information, allow a little more power consumption. 16

Sleep Mode • Just one sleep mode level. • Maximum allowable power: 4 W

Sleep Mode • Just one sleep mode level. • Maximum allowable power: 4 W • If multiple sleep modes, all must meet 4 W requirement. 17

Sleep Mode Advisory Language • For consideration in updated ENERGY STAR computer specification: Maximum

Sleep Mode Advisory Language • For consideration in updated ENERGY STAR computer specification: Maximum default time: 15 minutes Maximum recovery time: 5 seconds • Goal – increase likelihood that users actually use and are not annoyed by energy management features. 18

Off Mode • Synonymous with standby. • Power consumed when device is plugged in,

Off Mode • Synonymous with standby. • Power consumed when device is plugged in, but switched off: 2 W. • Working to harmonize with US Executive Order for Standby Power Consumption (1 watt executive order) 19

Non-energy Reqts. • Must be: bright enough, easy-to-read, reliable. • Brightness: minimum luminance of

Non-energy Reqts. • Must be: bright enough, easy-to-read, reliable. • Brightness: minimum luminance of 100 nits (candelas/m 2). • Contrast: minimum contrast ratio of 200: 1. • Defective Pixels: 5 sub-pixel faults per million sub-pixels. • Warranty: at least 2 years. • User Interface: UI Standard recommended 20

Labeling Requirements ENERGY STAR logo must be displayed on: • top/front of product, •

Labeling Requirements ENERGY STAR logo must be displayed on: • top/front of product, • product package, • product literature. 21

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What did the monitor industry think about our draft specification? 24

What did the monitor industry think about our draft specification? 24

Key Industry Feedback Regarding Draft Specification • Industry expressed few concerns on having the

Key Industry Feedback Regarding Draft Specification • Industry expressed few concerns on having the new specification include requirements for all three operating modes: on, sleep, and off. • With few exceptions, industry agreed to a pixel per watt approach for on mode • EPA and industry agreed to define a common test method for measuring on mode power consumption. Manufacturers to test and submit data once test method is finalized 25

Key Industry Feedback Regarding Draft Specification (cont’d) • Should ENERGY STAR set one specification

Key Industry Feedback Regarding Draft Specification (cont’d) • Should ENERGY STAR set one specification (one line) that covers all CRT and LCD monitors, or should the specification differentiate between CRTs and LCDs (2 lines) ? • Specification too stringent for CRTs, particularly for the desktop publishing environment (e. g. , large screen sizes) • Wake-up time for monitor. Industry wants more guidance on how to measure/define wake-up time 26

Key Industry Feedback Regarding Draft Specification (cont’d) • Industry supports a single sleep mode

Key Industry Feedback Regarding Draft Specification (cont’d) • Industry supports a single sleep mode specification, as opposed to the current sleep and deep sleep design • 4 -watt sleep mode specification is agreeable • off mode of 2 watts may be difficult for LCDs 27

Key Industry Feedback Regarding Draft Specification (cont’d) • Several manufacturers questioned non-energy requirements •

Key Industry Feedback Regarding Draft Specification (cont’d) • Several manufacturers questioned non-energy requirements • Specific concerns include: – Brightness level will be harder to meet for larger CRT monitors. – EPA should reference ISO standards for contrast ratio; CRTs and LCDs are measured differently. – Pixel faults only applies to LCD monitors. – Warranties could be a serious challenge with retailers, and may not work in international markets. 28

Next Steps. . . 29

Next Steps. . . 29

Key Next Steps for EPA and Industry • Establish test procedure • Industry to

Key Next Steps for EPA and Industry • Establish test procedure • Industry to submit input to EPA on non-energy parameters • Manufacturers to test monitors according to new test procedure and submit data to EPA. • EPA to analyze new data and revise specifications, as necessary. 30

Changes to specification based on Industry Response • May need to allow more CRTs

Changes to specification based on Industry Response • May need to allow more CRTs to qualify • large screen CRTs issue • Scale down non-energy attributes • Monitor wake-up time ? • Test procedure 31

Questions ? Comments ? 32

Questions ? Comments ? 32

Questions for You. . . • Were their questions or comments on the first

Questions for You. . . • Were their questions or comments on the first draft? – Test procedure, non-energy attributes, etc. . • Like to submit next draft to you first provided we receive comments in timely fashion (3 weeks) • Can you provide data from European manufacturers? 33

The Specifics Sleep, Off, On Mode and non-energy attributes 34

The Specifics Sleep, Off, On Mode and non-energy attributes 34

Sleep Mode Current ENERGY STAR Specification: • First Sleep: 15 W; Second Sleep: 8

Sleep Mode Current ENERGY STAR Specification: • First Sleep: 15 W; Second Sleep: 8 W Proposed Specification: • Just one level : 4 W; simplifies spec • Under the new spec, sleep mode power is about 10% of active mode power • Roughly two-thirds of existing models can meet the proposed sleep requirement. 35

Sleep Mode Questions Verify consensus: • Only 1 tier (no deep sleep)? • Maximum

Sleep Mode Questions Verify consensus: • Only 1 tier (no deep sleep)? • Maximum power level : 4 W? • Advisory levels set at right levels? -Default time till sleep: < 15 minutes -Recovery time: < 5 seconds 36

Off Mode • Current specification: no standby power limit. • Current measured levels: some

Off Mode • Current specification: no standby power limit. • Current measured levels: some as high as 8 -9 W, several at 4 -5 W. • Proposed specification: 2 W. • Lots of models currently meet the 2 W limit. 37

“Off” Mode Questions • Verify Consensus: – Is 2 W the right level? –

“Off” Mode Questions • Verify Consensus: – Is 2 W the right level? – Beneficial to have same level set in Executive Order (not simply 1 W)? – Suggestions on how to harmonize with European Union. (TCO) 38

On (Active) Mode Discussion 39

On (Active) Mode Discussion 39

What Does The Term “Energy Efficient Monitor” Mean? • Efficiency = Useful Output or

What Does The Term “Energy Efficient Monitor” Mean? • Efficiency = Useful Output or Service Provided / Total Energy Input • Useful output or service could be diagonal inches of screen size, square inches of screen size, or total pixels displayed • Monitor not displaying information (providing useful output) in sleep or standby modes, so minimize power use at those times to achieve high overall efficiency • Can account for all energy use in all three modes separately or with a duty cycle • ENERGY STAR seeks to recognize top 25% efficiency 40

Estimated Annual Energy Use for CRTs and LCDs 41

Estimated Annual Energy Use for CRTs and LCDs 41

The Advantages of Pixels/Watt • Pixels/watt approach has a number of key advantages: •

The Advantages of Pixels/Watt • Pixels/watt approach has a number of key advantages: • More technology neutral – avoids difference between viewable screen size and total • Screen area (square inches) unknown to consumers • Credits CRTs for their present resolution advantage, yet allows for very high resolution options like IBM’s new 9. 1 million pixel LCD • Emphasizes display quality over physical size • Avoids difficulty of trying to estimate a representative “duty cycle” for all monitors • Simple, like lumens/watt (lighting) or CFM/watt (fans). Can also be characterized as watts/megapixel 42

Effect of Resolution and Monitor Type on Active Power Consumption 43

Effect of Resolution and Monitor Type on Active Power Consumption 43

Effect of Resolution and Monitor Type on Active Power Consumption for Monitors 17” and

Effect of Resolution and Monitor Type on Active Power Consumption for Monitors 17” and Less 44

Effect of Resolution and Monitor Type on Active Power Consumption for Monitors Greater than

Effect of Resolution and Monitor Type on Active Power Consumption for Monitors Greater than 17” 45

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Applying Active Power Spec to Standard Resolutions Resolution Category Total Pixels Maximum Power Use

Applying Active Power Spec to Standard Resolutions Resolution Category Total Pixels Maximum Power Use 640 x 480 VGA 307, 200 37 watts 800 x 600 SVGA 480, 000 40 watts 1024 x 768 XGA 786, 432 46 watts 1280 x 1024 SXGA 1, 310, 720 57 watts 1600 x 1200 UXGA 1, 920, 000 69 watts 1800 x 1440 2, 592, 000 82 watts 2048 x 1536 3, 145, 728 93 watts 48

Need for Consistent Measurement • STAR database contains self-reported data from manufacturers • Not

Need for Consistent Measurement • STAR database contains self-reported data from manufacturers • Not all monitors measured under identical conditions in active or “on” mode • Depending on user settings and image displayed, CRT power variations can be +/30%. LCD variations can be +/- 50%. • ENERGY STAR has helped develop common test methods to the ventilation and lighting industries – may be able to bring standardization to monitor measurements as 49 well.

Effects of User Settings on Power for a 21” CRT Monitor 50

Effects of User Settings on Power for a 21” CRT Monitor 50

Effects of User Settings on Power for a 17” LCD Monitor 51

Effects of User Settings on Power for a 17” LCD Monitor 51

Non-Energy Aspects of the Specification 52

Non-Energy Aspects of the Specification 52

Why Include Non-Energy Attributes? • Goal is to ensure a level playing field –

Why Include Non-Energy Attributes? • Goal is to ensure a level playing field – maintain or enhance quality while saving energy • What aspects of product quality or performance could be compromised if a manufacturer looked for a “quick fix” to meet the new ENERGY STAR spec? • ENERGY STAR and the utilities that support it want to ensure that customers will have a satisfying experience with labeled products. • Reliability -- Saving energy is the product of power savings and time (kwh = w*h). An energy efficient product that fails early won’t save much energy. 53

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Key Non-Energy Spec Provisions • Brightness – Minimum of 100 nits at default brightness

Key Non-Energy Spec Provisions • Brightness – Minimum of 100 nits at default brightness and contrast settings – LCDs typically 150 to 250 nits – CRTs typically 80 to 120 nits • Contrast ratio – Minimum of 200: 1 (can adjust settings to achieve this level) – LCDs typically 200: 1 to 400: 1 – CRTs typically >400: 1 • Without these specs, very dim or low contrast screens could more easily meet ENERGY STAR but may not satisfy users 55

Other Key Attributes • Refresh rate – Minimum of 85 Hz for CRTs and

Other Key Attributes • Refresh rate – Minimum of 85 Hz for CRTs and 60 Hz for LCDs – attempt to preserve ergonomic quality • Pixel faults – No more than 5 sub-pixel faults per million sub-pixels (Class II, ISO 13406 -2) – seek to minimize quality differences between CRT & LCD • Warranty – At least 2 years - 3 years common from many major manufacturers, but spec recognizes retailer preference for selling extended warranties 56

Other Possible Non-Energy Attributes • Viewing angle – How far from the horizontal and

Other Possible Non-Energy Attributes • Viewing angle – How far from the horizontal and vertical axes of the screen can it still be clearly seen? • Wake from sleep time – How long before information is legible on screen after wakeup? Is there a consensus way to measure that? • Pixel density – pixels per inch (PPI) • Resolution/Addressability Ratio (RAR) – VESA Section 6. 6 – ability of a screen to resolve individual lines or pixels • Others? 57

Test Method Discussion 58

Test Method Discussion 58

Elements of a Standard Test Procedure • Identical on-screen image (alternating black and white

Elements of a Standard Test Procedure • Identical on-screen image (alternating black and white lines 1 pixel in height? ) filling full viewable area of screen • Default brightness and contrast settings (balance between simplicity and risk of manipulation) • Highest VESA supported resolution with a refresh rate of at least 85 Hz for CRTs, native resolution and 60 Hz refresh rate for LCDs – is other timing language needed? 59

Other Test Procedure Elements • Reference VESA specifications for power measurement – true RMS

Other Test Procedure Elements • Reference VESA specifications for power measurement – true RMS power at 3 combinations of voltage and frequency, averaged across at least 5 test samples – 100 VAC, 50 Hz; 117 VAC, 60 Hz; 230 VAC, 50 Hz • Leave off or disconnect any included peripheral features – TV tuner, microphone, speakers, USB hubs, etc. • Others? 60

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ENERGY STAR Office Equipment specification revisions… What does the future hold? 62

ENERGY STAR Office Equipment specification revisions… What does the future hold? 62

Future Specification Revisions • Other Office Equipment • Laptops (initiate research March 2002) •

Future Specification Revisions • Other Office Equipment • Laptops (initiate research March 2002) • Scanners, printers, copiers, MFDs, fax machines – (Scanner USB issue; initiate research Sept. 2002) • computer (initiate research mid-2003) • Vision • EU-EPA collaboration • sleep, active power and standby power • energy efficient power supplies • USB driven products • universal imaging specification 63