Layers of the Atmosphere Layers of the Atmosphere

Layers of the Atmosphere

Layers of the Atmosphere Red Book – Earth’s Atmosphere Pages 9 -11: Introduction, Characteristics, and Materials of Atmosphere

Layer of air Makes life on that Earth surrounds possible Earth What is the Atmosphere? ? ? keeps us warm and protects life Living things use the gases in the air

Altitude: distance above sea level

Density: amount of mass in a given volume

Gasses in the Atmosphere Recipe for Air: 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% a mixture of other gasses

Layers of the Atmosphere Red Book – Earth’s Atmosphere Page 14: Sudden Changes to Atmosphere

Sudden Changes to Atmosphere Three events can cause sudden changes to the materials in the atmosphere: 1. ) Volcanoes 2. ) Forest Fires 3. ) Dust Storms

atra volcano: Indonesia

nell Hill Fire: Arizona

t Storm: Phoenix, AZ

Layers of the Atmosphere Red Book – Earth’s Atmosphere Pages 16 -18: Solar Radiation and Heat Energy • Radiation • Conduction • Convection

Atmospheric Energy Transfer The Sun provides most of earth’s energy, and when the Sun’s energy is received by the Earth, three things can happen: 1)Some energy is reflected back into space by clouds. 2)Some is absorbed by the atmosphere. 3)Some is absorbed by the surface of the earth.

Transfer of Heat Energy The heat source for our planet is the sun. Energy from the sun is transferred through space and through the earth's atmosphere to the earth's surface. Since this energy warms the earth's surface and atmosphere, some of it is or becomes heat energy. There are three ways heat is transferred into and through the atmosphere: • radiation • conduction • convection

Radiation • If you have stood in front of a fireplace or near a campfire, you have felt the heat transfer known as radiation. The side of your body nearest the fire warms, while your other side remains unaffected by the heat. • Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic radiation. (through waves!) • Most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and much of what reaches the earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere to become heat energy. • The sun heats the ground = radiation

Conduction Have you ever left a metal spoon in a pot of soup being heated on a stove? After a short time the handle of the spoon will become hot. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy from one substance to another or within a substance (direct contact!). This is due to transfer of heat energy from molecule to molecule or from atom to atom. Conduction is a very effective method of heat transfer in metals; however, air conducts heat poorly. The ground heats the air = conduction

Convection is the transfer of heat energy in a fluid – through convection currents! This type of heating is most commonly seen in the kitchen when you see liquid boiling. Air in the atmosphere acts as a fluid. The sun's radiation strikes the ground, thus warming the rocks. As the rock's temperature rises due to conduction, heat energy is released into the atmosphere, forming a bubble of air which is warmer than the surrounding air. This bubble of air rises into the atmosphere. As it rises, the bubble cools with the heat contained in the bubble moving into the atmosphere. The warm air rises = convection

Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere Videos • https: //youtu. be/Y 3 k. ZVX 6 ZCs. Y - Energy Transfer In The Earth's Atmosphere, 9: 04 min • https: //youtu. be/8 CDx 1 NSSQQg - energy in the atmosphere explained, 1: 46 min

Layers of the Atmosphere Red Book – Earth’s Atmosphere Pages 18 -21: Layers of the Atmosphere

Troposphere • Nearest to the earth’s surface • Highest amount of pressure in this layer • Most dense layer • All weather occur here • Warmed from the ground below • Tropo – turning (convection) • 0 -6 miles (0 -10 km) • 59 – (-)76°F

Stratosp here • Clear, dry layer • CONTAINS OZONE LAYER – Absorbs solar radiation • Temperature increases as altitude increases because the ozone layer is heating this layer • Temperature rises as you move upward • Strato – spreading out • 6 -31 miles (10 -50 km) • -76 - 32°F

Ozone Layer • A gas made up of 3 OXYGEN ATOMS (O 3) • Protects life on earth by absorbing harmful UV (ultraviolet radiation) from the Sun – Too much UV rays can cause: • Cancer • Sunburn • Damaged eyesight • Absorbs UV rays but lets other types of radiation to pass through – Visible light

Ozone Videos • https: //youtu. be/u 9 zt. DSb. Sr. FI - Ozone layer and hold, 1: 56 min • https: //youtu. be/1 b 3 -l 4 Bxq. GA - What is the ozone layer, 2: 56 min • https: //youtu. be/WKr. Pd-8 CJBM - Ozzy Ozone, 10: 00

Mesosphe re • Air is extremely thin • Less than 0. 1 % of atmosphere’s mass • Most meteors burn up here • Temperature decreases as you move upward because it is heated from the ozone layer in the stratosphere • Meso – middle • 31 -56 miles (50 -90 km) • 32 – (-)120°F

Thermo sphere • Air molecules spread out thin but get very hot • Becomes outer space • Radiation from the sun heats this layer • Temperature rises as altitude rises • 56 miles and up (>90 km) • -120°F and rising

Blackbird SR-70 Stratosphere

Hot Air Balloon Troposphere

Ozone Molecules Stratosphere

Meteors Mesosphere

Cumulonimbus Clouds Troposphere

Boeing 747 Troposphere

International Space Thermosphere Station

Aurora Borealis (Northern Thermosphere Lights)

ALL Weather Troposphere

Unmanned Spacecraft Thermosphere

Layers of the Atmosphere Videos • https: //youtu. be/Bbw. EF 6 xvl. Vg - Earth’s atmosphere, 7: 53 min. , with Q/A • https: //youtu. be/Ac. Typs. D 09 z. I - What is atmosphere, 4: 22 min • https: //youtu. be/s. Dlx. SDCKc. Gs - Atmosphere Song, 3: 38 min

Layers of the Atmosphere Red Book – Earth’s Atmosphere Pages 22 -23: Ozone Layer

Density Info Density is: amount of mass in a given volume • Density is a characteristic property of a substance. • The density of a substance is the relationship between the mass of the substance and how much space it takes up (volume). • The mass of atoms, their size, and how they are arranged determine the density of a substance.

Density Videos • https: //youtu. be/Z 50 j. Ei 1 ig. NQ - Denser than you think – 1: 40 • https: //youtu. be/-CDk. Juo_LYs – 9 layer density experiment – 1: 53 • https: //youtu. be/4 EMUs. PJt. Coc - Sci. Guys - 5: 31 • https: //youtu. be/zszw 6 u. Ci. Qpc - water and egg density – 2: 02

The Four Layers of the Atmosphere e Le ens d t s a Thermosphere se Mesosphere n e d t s Mo Stratosphere Troposphere