Functional Groups in Organic Compounds workshop University of












































































- Slides: 76
Functional Groups in Organic Compounds (workshop) University of Lincoln presentation This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS HYDROCARBONS contain only C and H atoms AROMATIC Hydrocarbons must contain a BENZENE ring ALIPHATIC hydrocarbons SATURATED hydrocarbons contain C–C and C–H single bonds only (ALKANES) UNSATURATED hydrocarbons contain at least 1 C–C multiple bond ALKENE contains the C=C functional group ALKYNE contains the C≡C functional group This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al Propanone (acetone) -one Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) -oic acid Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol Ketone Functional group R≠H Carboxylic acid Ester R = alkyl Halogenoalkane X = F, Cl, Br, I This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al Propanone (acetone) -one Carboxylic acid Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) y -oic acid. SECONDARY (2 ) Ester Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide Halogenoalkane Bromoethane Ketone Functional group R≠H R = alkyl X = F, Cl, Br, I PRIMARY (1 y) ALCOHOL R–CH 2 OH ALCOHOL R 2–CHOH TERTIARY (3 y) ALCOHOL R 3–COH Where R– is any alkyl Halogroup Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al Propanone (acetone) -one Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) -oic acid Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol Ketone Functional group R≠H Carboxylic acid Ester Halogenoalkane R = alkyl X = F, Cl, Br, I An acid is a proton (H+) donor This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al Propanone (acetone) -one Ketone Functional group R≠H Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) Carboxylic acid PRIMARY (1 y) AMINE R–NH 2 SECONDARY (2 y) AMINE -oic acid R 2–NH Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) Where R– is any alkyl group -amide Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol Ester Halogenoalkane R = alkyl X = F, Cl, Br, I TERTIARY (3 y) AMINE R 3–N This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Remember! GROUP 14 15 16 17 Carbon needs FOUR bonds Nitrogen needs THREE bonds Oxygen needs TWO bonds Fluorine needs ONE bond This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Remember! By convention… = = OH = This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
RECOGNISING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Smelling of roses… This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
1 y ALCOHOL (–CH 2 OH) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
1 y ALCOHOL (–CH 2 OH) ALKENE (–C=C–) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Flower Scent – Freesia This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Ketone (R–COR’) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Ketone (R–COR’) Conjugated diene (–C=C–) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Pheromones – Honey bee Pheromones are chemicals that carry messages This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
KETONE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Alkene Ketone This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) Alkene Ketone This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
AMPHETAMINES AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
AMPHETAMINES 1 y AMINE (RNH 2) AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
AMPHETAMINES 1 y AMINE (RNH 2) AROMATIC RING (Benzene) AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
AMPHETAMINES METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
AMPHETAMINES 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
AMPHETAMINES 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) 2 y AMINE (RR’NH) METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
AMPHETAMINES AROMATIC RING (Benzene) 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) 2 y AMINE (RR’NH) METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
ASPIRIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) ESTER (RCOOR’) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) AROMATIC RING (Benzene) ESTER (RCOOR’) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Bullet-proof vests and spider silk This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
KEVLAR (a polyamide) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
KEVLAR AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
KEVLAR AROMATIC RINGS AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Cat Nap (Octadec-9 eneamide) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Cat Nap (Octadec-9 eneamide) ALKENE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Cat Nap (Octadec-9 eneamide) ALKENE AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CANNABIS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CANNABIS AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CANNABIS AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CANNABIS ALKENE AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CANNABIS AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP ALKENE CYCLIC ETHER AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
LSD This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
LSD DIETHYLAMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE 2 Y AMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE ALKENES 2 Y AMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE CONJUGATED DIENE ALKENES 2 Y AMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Identify FOUR functional groups in cocaine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
COCAINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
COCAINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
COCAINE 2 y AMINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
COCAINE AROMATIC 2 y AMINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Opium Morphine Codeine Thebaine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
OPIUM MORPHINE THEBAINE CODEINE HEROIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Identify the functional groups in morphine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MORPHINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MORPHINE ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MORPHINE PHENOL ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MORPHINE PHENOL CYCLIC ETHER ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MORPHINE PHENOL AROMATIC CYCLIC ETHER ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MORPHINE PHENOL CYCLIC ETHER AROMATIC 3 Y AMINE ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MORPHINE AROMATIC PHENOL CYCLIC ETHER 3 Y AMINE ALCOHOL ALKENE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
What’s the difference between morphine and codeine? This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MORPHINE CODEINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
PHENOL MORPHINE CODEINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
PHENOL MORPHINE ETHER CODEINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CODEINE THEBAINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CODEINE THEBAINE ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
CODEINE ALCOHOL THEBAINE ETHER This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
HEROIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
HEROIN 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Identify the functional groups in the ‘magic mushroom’ alkaloids This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
MAGIC MUSHROOMS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License
Acknowledgements • • JISC HEA Centre for Educational Research and Development School of natural and applied sciences School of Journalism Siren. FM http: //tango. freedesktop. org This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License












































































