Functional Groups in Organic Compounds workshop University of

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Functional Groups in Organic Compounds (workshop) University of Lincoln presentation This work is licensed

Functional Groups in Organic Compounds (workshop) University of Lincoln presentation This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS HYDROCARBONS contain only C and H atoms AROMATIC Hydrocarbons must

CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS HYDROCARBONS contain only C and H atoms AROMATIC Hydrocarbons must contain a BENZENE ring ALIPHATIC hydrocarbons SATURATED hydrocarbons contain C–C and C–H single bonds only (ALKANES) UNSATURATED hydrocarbons contain at least 1 C–C multiple bond ALKENE contains the C=C functional group ALKYNE contains the C≡C functional group This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al Propanone (acetone) -one Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) -oic acid Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol Ketone Functional group R≠H Carboxylic acid Ester R = alkyl Halogenoalkane X = F, Cl, Br, I This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al Propanone (acetone) -one Carboxylic acid Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) y -oic acid. SECONDARY (2 ) Ester Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide Halogenoalkane Bromoethane Ketone Functional group R≠H R = alkyl X = F, Cl, Br, I PRIMARY (1 y) ALCOHOL R–CH 2 OH ALCOHOL R 2–CHOH TERTIARY (3 y) ALCOHOL R 3–COH Where R– is any alkyl Halogroup Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al Propanone (acetone) -one Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) -oic acid Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol Ketone Functional group R≠H Carboxylic acid Ester Halogenoalkane R = alkyl X = F, Cl, Br, I An acid is a proton (H+) donor This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Example Endings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al Propanone (acetone) -one Ketone Functional group R≠H Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) Carboxylic acid PRIMARY (1 y) AMINE R–NH 2 SECONDARY (2 y) AMINE -oic acid R 2–NH Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) Where R– is any alkyl group -amide Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol Ester Halogenoalkane R = alkyl X = F, Cl, Br, I TERTIARY (3 y) AMINE R 3–N This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Remember! GROUP 14 15 16 17 Carbon needs FOUR bonds Nitrogen needs THREE bonds

Remember! GROUP 14 15 16 17 Carbon needs FOUR bonds Nitrogen needs THREE bonds Oxygen needs TWO bonds Fluorine needs ONE bond This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Remember! By convention… = = OH = This work is licensed under a Creative

Remember! By convention… = = OH = This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

RECOGNISING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Smelling of roses… This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

RECOGNISING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Smelling of roses… This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

1 y ALCOHOL (–CH 2 OH) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

1 y ALCOHOL (–CH 2 OH) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

1 y ALCOHOL (–CH 2 OH) ALKENE (–C=C–) This work is licensed under a

1 y ALCOHOL (–CH 2 OH) ALKENE (–C=C–) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Flower Scent – Freesia This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike

Flower Scent – Freesia This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Ketone (R–COR’) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

Ketone (R–COR’) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Ketone (R–COR’) Conjugated diene (–C=C–) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share

Ketone (R–COR’) Conjugated diene (–C=C–) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Pheromones – Honey bee Pheromones are chemicals that carry messages This work is licensed

Pheromones – Honey bee Pheromones are chemicals that carry messages This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

KETONE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK:

KETONE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Alkene Ketone This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

Alkene Ketone This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) Alkene Ketone This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share

Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) Alkene Ketone This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

AMPHETAMINES AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

AMPHETAMINES AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

AMPHETAMINES 1 y AMINE (RNH 2) AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative

AMPHETAMINES 1 y AMINE (RNH 2) AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

AMPHETAMINES 1 y AMINE (RNH 2) AROMATIC RING (Benzene) AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed

AMPHETAMINES 1 y AMINE (RNH 2) AROMATIC RING (Benzene) AMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

AMPHETAMINES METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

AMPHETAMINES METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

AMPHETAMINES 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work

AMPHETAMINES 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

AMPHETAMINES 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) 2 y AMINE

AMPHETAMINES 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) 2 y AMINE (RR’NH) METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

AMPHETAMINES AROMATIC RING (Benzene) 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl)

AMPHETAMINES AROMATIC RING (Benzene) 1 H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) 2 y AMINE (RR’NH) METHYLAMPHETAMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

ASPIRIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK:

ASPIRIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike

ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) ESTER (RCOOR’) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) ESTER (RCOOR’) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) AROMATIC RING (Benzene) ESTER (RCOOR’) This work is licensed under

ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) AROMATIC RING (Benzene) ESTER (RCOOR’) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Bullet-proof vests and spider silk This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share

Bullet-proof vests and spider silk This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

KEVLAR (a polyamide) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.

KEVLAR (a polyamide) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

KEVLAR AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

KEVLAR AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

KEVLAR AROMATIC RINGS AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike

KEVLAR AROMATIC RINGS AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Cat Nap (Octadec-9 eneamide) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike

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Cat Nap (Octadec-9 eneamide) ALKENE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share

Cat Nap (Octadec-9 eneamide) ALKENE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Cat Nap (Octadec-9 eneamide) ALKENE AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Cat Nap (Octadec-9 eneamide) ALKENE AMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

CANNABIS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK:

CANNABIS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

CANNABIS AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike

CANNABIS AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

CANNABIS AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed

CANNABIS AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

CANNABIS ALKENE AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is

CANNABIS ALKENE AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

CANNABIS AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP ALKENE CYCLIC ETHER AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This

CANNABIS AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP ALKENE CYCLIC ETHER AROMATIC RING (Benzene) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

LSD This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK:

LSD This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

LSD DIETHYLAMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

LSD DIETHYLAMIDE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

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LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE 2 Y AMINE This work is licensed under a

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LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE ALKENES 2 Y AMINE This work is licensed under

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LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE CONJUGATED DIENE ALKENES 2 Y AMINE This work is

LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE CONJUGATED DIENE ALKENES 2 Y AMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Identify FOUR functional groups in cocaine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Identify FOUR functional groups in cocaine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

COCAINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK:

COCAINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

COCAINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.

COCAINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

COCAINE 2 y AMINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

COCAINE 2 y AMINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

COCAINE AROMATIC 2 y AMINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative

COCAINE AROMATIC 2 y AMINE 2 ESTERS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Opium Morphine Codeine Thebaine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike

Opium Morphine Codeine Thebaine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

OPIUM MORPHINE THEBAINE CODEINE HEROIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share

OPIUM MORPHINE THEBAINE CODEINE HEROIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Identify the functional groups in morphine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

Identify the functional groups in morphine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

MORPHINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK:

MORPHINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

MORPHINE ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

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MORPHINE PHENOL ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.

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MORPHINE PHENOL CYCLIC ETHER ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share

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MORPHINE PHENOL AROMATIC CYCLIC ETHER ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons

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MORPHINE PHENOL CYCLIC ETHER AROMATIC 3 Y AMINE ALCOHOL This work is licensed under

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MORPHINE AROMATIC PHENOL CYCLIC ETHER 3 Y AMINE ALCOHOL ALKENE This work is licensed

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What’s the difference between morphine and codeine? This work is licensed under a Creative

What’s the difference between morphine and codeine? This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

MORPHINE CODEINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

MORPHINE CODEINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

PHENOL MORPHINE CODEINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.

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CODEINE THEBAINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

CODEINE THEBAINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

CODEINE THEBAINE ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.

CODEINE THEBAINE ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

CODEINE ALCOHOL THEBAINE ETHER This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike

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HEROIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK:

HEROIN This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

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Identify the functional groups in the ‘magic mushroom’ alkaloids This work is licensed under

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MAGIC MUSHROOMS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0

MAGIC MUSHROOMS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License

Acknowledgements • • JISC HEA Centre for Educational Research and Development School of natural

Acknowledgements • • JISC HEA Centre for Educational Research and Development School of natural and applied sciences School of Journalism Siren. FM http: //tango. freedesktop. org This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2. 0 UK: England & Wales License