Functional Groups What is the family name alkanes

Functional Groups What is the family name?

alkanes H H C C H H 4 Only carbon and hydrogen 4 All single bonds H H Q: What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds? A: Cycloalkanes

alkenes 4 Only carbon and hydrogen 4 A carbon to carbon double bond H H C H Q: What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs? A: A diene

alcohols 4 Only one oxygen 4 Has an O-H group 4 Can classify as 1º/2º/3º H according to position of O-H group on carbon skeleton H H C C H H O H Q: Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water? A: They can form hydrogen bonds with H 2 O molecules

phenols 4 Only one oxygen 4 Has an O-H group O H 4 The O-H group is directly attached to a benzene ring Q: The C 6 H 5 - group has a special name. What is it? A: Phenyl

aldehydes H 4 Only one oxygen O 4 Has a C=O group 4 C=O group is at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom H C C H Q: Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form …? A: Carboxylic acids H

ketones 4 Only one oxygen H O H C C C 4 Has a C=O group 4 C=O group is not at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons H H H Q: Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not? A: No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group. H

carboxylic acids 4 Has 2 oxygens 4 Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom H 4 This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain (why? ) H C H O C O Q: Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can a act as a (weak) acid. A: CH 3 COOH(aq) CH 3 COO–(aq) + H+(aq) H

esters 4 Has 2 oxygens 4 One oxygen is part of H a C=O bond, the other is next door, sandwiched between two carbons H C H O C O H C H H Q: This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester. A: Alcohol = methanol; ester = methyl ethanoate

ethers 4 Has 1 oxygen 4 No O-H or C=O group H 4 The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms H H C C H H H O C H H Q: Why do ethers have much lower boiling points t than their isomeric alcohols? A: No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules (why? )

“What family…? ” quiz Family names: 4 cycloalkane 4 alkene 4 primary (1º) alcohol 4 secondary (2º) alcohol 4 tertiary (3º) alcohol 4 phenol 4 aldehyde 4 ketone 4 carboxylic acid 4 ester 4 ether … are you ready? 5 … 4 … 3 … 2 … 1 … GO!

What family does it belong to? (1) H H C H

What family does it belong to? (2) H H C H O C H

What family does it belong to? (3) H H H O H C C C H H

What family does it belong to? (4) H C H O H

What family does it belong to? (5) H H C H H O C H H

What family does it belong to? (6) H H C H O C O H C H H

What family does it belong to? (7) H H O H C C C H H H

What family does it belong to? (8) O H

What family does it belong to? (9) H H H C C H H O C O H

What family does it belong to? (10) H H H C C H H C O H H

What family does it belong to? (11) H H C C H H H

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (1) H H C C H H alkene

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (2) H H C O C H aldehyde H

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (3) H H H O H C C C H H secondary alcohol

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (4) H C O H primary alcohol H

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (5) H H C H O C H H ether H

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (6) H H C H O C O H C H ester H

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (7) H H O H C C C H H ketone H

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (8) O phenol H

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (9) H H H C C H H O C O carboxylic acid H

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (10) H H H C O H C H H H tertiary alcohol

Answers: “What family? ” quiz (11) H H C C H H cycloalkane H

“Spot the functional groups” quiz Functional groups: 4 alkene 4 primary (1º) alcohol 4 secondary (2º) alcohol 4 tertiary (3º) alcohol 4 phenol 4 arene (NEW!) 4 aldehyde 4 ketone 4 carboxylic acid 4 ester 4 ether … are you ready? 5 … 4 … 3 … 2 … 1 … GO!

Spot both the functional groups (1) OH phenol OH O carboxylic acid

Spot all three functional groups (2) O ester O O carboxylic acid arene OH

Spot both the functional groups (3) O OH phenol O ester

Spot both the functional groups (4) primary alcohols OH OH OH secondary alcohol

Spot all three functional groups (5) ketone O OH alkene tertiary alcohol

Spot all three functional groups (6) O aldehyde H alkene arene

Spot all three functional groups (7) ketone O arene OCH 3 ether

Functional groups quiz: results Maximum score = 18 How did you do?