The MOLE Mole The mole is a word

The MOLE

? Mole The mole is a word that means a very specific number. We know about the word “dozen” it means 12 items. The mole means 6. 0221367 x 1023 particles. we just round it to 6. 022 x 1023.

If we have a mole of anything we have 6. 022 x 1023 of them. That’s a lot of anything to have, unless you think about atoms and molecules. 1 mole of particles = 602, 213, 670, 000, 000 particles The number has made me crazy.

Avogadro’s number Avogadro's number and is denoted by NA. It is derived from exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. 12 grams of carbon -12 has approximately 6. 02 x 1023 atoms. Amadeo Avogadro (1776 -1856)

What do we do with it? It happens to be the SI unit of amount of anything. We use it in chemistry when working with chemical equations. It can stand for: atoms, molecules, or formula units.

The mass of a mole of any one element is equal to its atomic mass. So… 1 mole “C” = 6. 02 x 1023 “C” atoms = 12. 01 grams Carbon

1 mole C 6. 02 x 1023 atoms 12. 01 g All of these can be filled around to make 3 more conversion factors, for a total of 6.

What is the mass of 2. 5 moles of aluminum? We look on the Periodic table to find the atomic mass of Al. This tells us that 1 mole of Al = 26. 98 grams. Time for math: 2. 5 moles Al x 26. 98 g = 67. 45 g of Al 1 mole of Al

The Key For an example lets use gold (Au). [1 mole of Au = 6. 02 x 1023 atoms of Au = 196. 97 grams of Au] These three numbers are all we need to solve any molar equations dealing with gold. Examples: 1. What is the mass of 4. 5 moles of Au? 2. How many atoms of Au will have a mass of 89. 60 g? 3. How many moles of gold do you have if you have 5. 24 x 1026 atoms of gold? 4. What will be the mass of 5. 24 x 1026 atoms of Gold?

What is the mass of 4. 5 moles of Au? 4. 5 mol Au x 196. 97 g = 886. 36 g Au 1 mole of Au = 6. 02 x 1023 atoms of Au = 196. 97 grams of Au

How many atoms of Au will have a mass of 89. 60 g? 89. 60 g Au X 6. 02 x 1023 Au atoms = 2. 738 x 1023 atoms Au 196. 97 Au You are going to need one of these! 1 mole of Au = 6. 02 x 1023 atoms of Au = 196. 97 grams of Au

Molar mass of an ionic compound & Molar mass of a molecular compound

We have reviewed the mole concept for a single element (gram atomic mass or gam). Example: Na: 1 mole = 22. 99 g or we could put it like this 22. 99 g Na/1 mole Na

Mole of a compound: Ionic & molecular Consider Na. Cl Na has a molar mass of 22. 99 g/mol Cl has a molar mass of 35. 45 g/mol So what is the molar mass of Na. Cl? 22. 99 + 35. 45 58. 44 g/mol We would say that the gfm (gram formula mass) of Na. Cl is 58. 44 g/mol gfm is the same thing as molar mass, but it goes with ionic compounds.

More examples: One way to determine the molar mass is like this: Fe 2 O 3 Iron (III) oxide Element # of atoms Grams /mol Total mass of that element Fe 2 X 55. 47 = 110. 94 O 3 X 16. 00 = + 48. 00 Total 158. 94 g/mol

More examples: Zn(OH)2 Zn 1 65. 39 “Zinc hydroxide” O 2 16. 00 32. 00 H 2 1. 00 + 2. 00 99. 39 The gfm or molar mass of zinc hydroxide is 99. 39 g/mol

What about molecular compounds Its really the same way! You calculate it. How about water (H 2 O)? Element # of atoms Grams /mol Total mass of that element H 2 X 1. 00 = O 1 X 16. 00 = Total 2. 00 + 16. 00 18. 00 g/mol

Conversion factors 1 mole H 2 O = 18. 00 grams = 6. 02 x 1023 molecules of H 2 O 1 mole H 2 O 18. 00 g H 2 O 18. 00 g H 2 O 1 mole 6. 02 x 1023 molecules Q. What is the mass of 2. 5 moles of water? 2. 5 moles of H 2 O x 18. 00 g H 2 O = 45. 00 g H 2 O 1 mole H 2 O

Mass to moles How many moles of silver nitrate (Ag. NO 3) will have a mass of 55. 0 g? 1 st Ag N O find gfm of Ag. NO 3 1 x 107. 87 = 107. 87 1 x 14. 01 = 14. 01 3 x 16. 00 = + 48. 00 169. 88 g/mol 55. 0 g Ag. NO 3 x 1 mole Ag. NO 3 = 0. 324 mole Ag. NO 3 169. 88 g Ag. NO 3

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