TED TED com http www ted comtalks erikbrynjolfssonthe

TED TED. com http: //www. ted. com/talks /erik_brynjolfsson_the _key_to_growth_race _em_with_em_the_m achines. html 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Bid to host the Olympic Games http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=TAiqwmig 6 KE 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Preparing for a Presentation Why Who What When Where and do you present? are you presenting to? are you going to present? how? Forewarned is forearmed. 備えあれば憂いなし 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Let’s think about your audience 発表は誰に向けておこなうのか 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

全体像を見失ってはいけない Your Ph. D “The illustrated guide to a Ph. D. ” Matt Might (matt. might. net) 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

General　Public（ 一般の人々） Science club （科学クラブ） Department 研究室. Academic Conference 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

会場分析 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

会場分析 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

When are you going to present? 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

これで 280 words • • • The School of Engineering (SOE) at the University of Tokyo is promoting “Bilingual Campus Initiative” in order to foster future global leaders and to develop the organizational strength in supporting the global education and research. For this purpose, the authors, as members of the Centre for Innovation in Engineering Education (CIEE) under SOE, have proposed a total learning and education tool, SNOWBALLS, “Self Navigation Web-Based Literacy Learning System. “ The system provides users an effective means to strengthen and enhance and the basic skills/knowledge on the globalization education, preparing a set of modules tuned to the specific needs and environments of students, faculty members as well as administrative/technical staff. It realizes the environment where both Japanese students who would like to improve their English/global skills and the international students from overseas who want to enhance their Japanese literacy enlighten and stimulate each other in learning and research activities supported by globalised SOE staff. The paper first presents the architecture, development plan and major modules of the SNOWBALLS, including Engineering Basics / Global Literacy for students, Japanese Literacy / Global TA Course for overseas students, Global Education for academic staff, Global Support for administrative staff, and that for technical staff. Next, It shows the development and evaluation results of the system trial on a module for Japanese students. The paper then discusses how to effectively utilise the existing OCW content resources for SNOWBALLS, based on the analyses of available teaching/learning materials analysis at the universities from the above system concept view. Based on our experiences in this project, it will also mention a challenge to support multi-lingual learning support, which will be one of good collaborative work items in the OCWC Consortium. 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8 3分で読めますか？

How many people can you persuade? 話術がある 話 題 が あ る 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

How do you present? 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Eye Contact Screen point look PC Listen Talk presenter 2015/05/27 look Academic Writing 8 listener

Picture of Diversity 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Stress is Context Dependent Think about these questions i) Who gave Jackie the bicycle? ii) How did Jackie get the bicycle? iii) Who did David give the bicycle to? iv) Which present did David give Jackie? Answer “David gave Jackie the bicycle” With the appropriate stress to each question 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8 Source: Ellis, G. & B. Sinclair (1989). Learning to learn English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Example of Stressing & Pausing Okay (Pause) let’s get started. /Today/ we are going to look at the issue of engineering ethics*/ what it is/ why it is important/ what are the practical implications/ and how engineering can be analysed/ from an ethical perspective. / I will make reference to fields outside of engineering/ such as philosophy/ art/ literature/ but you don’t need any background knowledge of these areas/ so don’t panic. If you have questions /please ask at any time/ and we will have some activities to keep you awake. (Pause) So/ the first question is/ why is the study of engineering ethics important… 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Attitude 最後に動かすのは人間的要素 • 誠実さ (integrity) • 熱意 (enthusiasm) • 専門的技術 (professionalism) • 明確さ (clarity) • 積極性 (positivity) • 自信 (confidence) 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Slide Design

Use of Visuals People remember: • 10 % of what they read; • 20 % of what they hear; • 30 % of what they see; • 50 % of what they see and hear; • 70 % of what they say; and • 90 % of what they do and say Metcalf, T. (1997) Listening to your clients, Life Association News, 92(7) p 16 - 18 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

General design tips • 4 -5 keywords to explain each point (no full sentences on slides) • • One topic/idea per slide Sufficient contrast Large enough fonts 1 -2 min per slide TEST Test 54, Test 48 Test 44, Test 40, Test 36, Test 32, Test 28 2015/05/27 Test 24, Test 20, Test 18, Test 16, Test 14

Images • Images + text = strong message • Careful with background images (full bleed might work well instead) • Asymmetry attracts attention 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Injuries due to falling coconuts Based on a paper by Dr. Peter Barss, published in The Journal of Trauma, 1984 Nov; 24(11): 990 -1. Presented by Adi Andreeva The University of Tokyo Image from http: //www. bonappetit. com/tipstools/ingredients/2008/04/coconut

Injuries due to falling coconuts Based on a paper by Dr. Peter Barss, published in The Journal of Trauma, 1984 Nov; 24(11): 990 -1. Presented by Adi Andreeva The University of Tokyo Image from http: //www. bonappetit. com/tipstools/ingredients/2008/04/coconut

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH Int. J. Tourism Res. 6, 251– 261 (2004) Published online in Wiley Inter. Science (www. interscience. wiley. com). DOI: 10. 1002/jtr. 486 , Cruise Ship Passenger Spending Patterns in Pacific Island Ports Ngaire Douglas 1, * and Norman Douglas 2 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

53 million people cruising in the past decade 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Graphs • Simplify your data whenever possible • Give examples to explain complicated graphs • Include a title, axis labels, a legend if necessary • Indicate units clearly • Put a self-explanatory title • Check that all elements are readable • Explain clearly EVERYTHING you show • Be careful with black-and-white handouts 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Chart Fig. 1. A pie chart looks like a pie. The pie chart has 3 "sectors" ("slices" or "shares"). The purple sector makes up 50% of the total. Flow chart 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Structure & Content

Common Mistakes Japanese Students make • 詳細から述べる　Starting from details • 時間の流れに沿って話す　Following time order • 論文の順に話すFollow the order of the paper • 起承転結 ("twist", "turn", or "volta")で話す (Introducing a revolutionary new idea/concept near the end) conclusion beginning 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8 起承転結

Story Board • ppt スライドを一覧で並べ、時間配分で組み立てる 　　(10分ならこのくらい） Theme 　 　 sheet Agenda 　　 sheet 序論 Review 　　 sheet Measures 　 sheet Results 　sheets 本論 Discussion 　 sheet Conclusion sheet Future plan & Summary 結論 どこにウエートを置くか 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Title Item Group プレゼンテ何？ 伝える どんな例が？ なんでいいの？ どんな準備をする？ いつ どこで 何を 準備 なんで？ 誰に？ いかに？ 日本人が特に苦手なこと アイコンタクトの練習 ジェスチャー・姿勢 ユーモア 態度 気を付けること 時間 ３要素 自己紹介　なぜ 自己紹介　設定 自己紹介　練習 　 アカデミックプレゼン 目的 流れ ストーリー 論理構造 構造 木構造 ブレスト カード式 エクセル まずはじめに アウトライン イントロ ボディ 部分ごとに 結論 Q&A つなぎ言葉 終わり方 覚えた方がいいか 覚えるのか 声に出して 失敗を避けるために ＩＥＥＥのチェックリスト チェックシート チェックリスト リハーサル フィードバック 間違いやすいこと 注意点 配布資料 まさかの時に 図や写真 適切に使う ソフトウエア フォント　サイズ ビジュアル Conclusion Group Delivery Use Excel Sheet How to give a Good Presentation 2015/05/27 Presentation starts General Presentation weak points important points self-introduction 　 　 academic presentation structure Academic Presentation parts Check up Academic Writing 8 Finish/rehearsal Item What's presentation TED How many people 　 when where What's presentation Why to whom How eye contact practice gesture/posture ice break/humor attitude punctuality 3 elements practice 　 purpose flow story board logical structure tree structure brainstorm index card excel sheet to start with outline introduction body conclusion Q&A transition words How to close Remember? Read it loud avoid falure IEEE check sheet check list Rehearsal Feedback Mistakes Handouts Just in case visuals visual aid software Font size

Paper vs. Presentation Paper Presentation 伝達方法 One way Interactive 反復可能性 一覧性, repeatable 一過性、unrepeatable グラフ表示 details 強調したい部分のみ 表 thorough clear 文の長さ 13 words/line ４，５ words/line 専門用語 usable 聴衆による feedback no yes 読者・聴衆 uncountable present 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Body (transitions) • • • So far, we have reviewed/looked at … Getting back to the problem of … Now, let’s move on to the next point. This leads us to another question of … Having explained/discussed…, next, let’s have a look at… Using this method/algorithm we can now solve/calculate/estimate… As you have seen …, but how about …? So I have explained theory, but does it work in practice? So, let me show you an example now. To solve this problem, we need a method which is …. Let me show what we came up with. 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

練習 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Should I remember the script? 1. Read 2. Outline in details 3. Outline with keywords 4. Rough outline 5. Keyword 6. Recite 7. Ask native speakers to check your speech 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Technique by IEEE 1. Use eye contact 2. Develop a positive attitude and relaxed style. 3. Don’t read your paper. 4. Don’t memorize your paper. 5. Be enthusiastic about the topic. 6. Don’t hide behind a tangled web of technical terms. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers David F. Beer, Writing and Speaking in the Technology Professions, IEEE Press, 1992 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

What if I forgot what I want to say? Good • • • Use Index cards Look at PC screen Look at handout Look at Projection screen Look at the ceiling and try to think Bad 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Practice 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

PODIUM • • 2015/05/27 Class 1 Class 2 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 3 Class 8 誰がe bag を 324 からとってくるか 発表できない週は責任を持って誰か代わりを探す 我々にも伝えてください Academic Writing 8

Presentation practice in groups First round: 6/3, 6/10, 6/17 Second round: 6/24, 7/01, 7/15 screen x 8 class 3 undergrad 4 Instructor graduate 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

E-bag cables PC Bell Projector 2015/05/27 Timer Academic Writing 8

Syllabus Check this handout! 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Presentation topic Master & Doctor students: research topicについて発表する Bachelor students: 2 順目の発表 (July): おなじトピックについて発表する インストラクターやグループメンバーのフィードバックやコ メント、Q&Aや反省を元に改善したもの Know your audience: General engineers, not specialists! 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Handouts 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

MS Power. Point features There are many ways to make a handout from Print menu Save & Send menu slides 発行 Microsoft Word で 配布資料を作成 Use the “Scale to fit paper” option! 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Introduction (How) should we use a “Progress Bar”? 87 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

The Closing Slide • 2通りのスタイル: – “Conclusions” slide – “Thank you”, “Q&A” slide Conclusion 1. …. . 2. …. . Future plan Thank you! Your name & Email address • “Conclusions” slide, 聴衆はQ&Aの間参照でき る. • “Thank you” slide, your contact detailsを書く • どちらであっても“Thank you”!といって終わる 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Useful links "How to give a good research talk“ by Simon Peyton Jones, John Launchbury, John Hughes, SIGPLAN Notices 28(11), Nov 1993. http: //research. microsoft. com/en-us/um/people/simonpj/papers/giving-atalk/giving-a-talk. htm “A short guide to the oral presentation in English” by Martha Grand. Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs Electriciens de Grenoble (ENSIEG) http: //step. inpg. fr/GB/docs/Language_of_presentation_v 7. pdf “Presentation Phrasebook” by Patrick Mc. Mahon. Englishfor. University. Com http: //englishforuniversity. com/study-guides-from-english-for-university-com/ “Successful Oral and Poster Presentations” by J. W. Niemantsverdriet. European Federation of Catalysis Societies (EFCATS) http: //www. efcats. org/Give+Successful+Presentations. html 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Useful Expressions 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Thanking the chairman • Thank you Mr. Chairman • Thank you for your kind introduction Mr. Chairman (or: Professor/Doctor/Mister/Miss X) If you are an invited speaker/special guest: • I would like to thank the organizing/program committee for inviting me to this/your conference • Thank you very much for inviting me 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Greeting the audience • Good morning/afternoon (ladies and) gentlemen (note: at some engineering conferences there are no ladies in your audience!) • Good morning everybody. Thank you for coming to my talk today. If you are an invited speaker/special guest: • Distinguished guests, Dear colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen, … • It is my great honor to (be allowed to) deliver a talk to you (today). • Ladies and gentleman. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience. Do NOT introduce yourself again if the chairman did it 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Presenting your title slide Acknowledge important contributors • I did the research I present today in collaboration with my colleagues from <other company/university> who are also present in the audience here today/who could not join us here today. • I give this presentation on behalf of X, who, unfortunately, could not make it here today. (If you did not participate in the research) Do NOT read the title of your presentation; rephrase it • • Today I will talk about … What I’m going to present today is … In this presentation I will show you that/why/how/… Before I start my talk, let me ask you: <question> 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Presenting your outline (if any) • I will divide my talk into three parts / My talk today consists of three parts: First, … Second, … Finally, …. • Let me begin my talk by giving you an explanation on … • To start with, I will provide background information on … • Next, I will demonstrate … • Then I will give you/provide the details of … • Once we have discussed … , I will show you … • After that, I will take a look at … • Then I will move on to … • Finally, I will wrap up/summarize this presentation and answer any questions you might have 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Presenting your introduction • A common problem with … is that … • It has often be in the news recently that … • Recent studies have shown that … …but it is still unclear how/why/… • As you are all aware, … / As you all know, … • … This is important because … • So, why is this important? Well, (let me tell you) … • To solve this problem, we use/propose/investigate/… • Currently (the process is as follows) … With the method we propose … • We therefore decided to focus on the second issue for now. • The two main points of my presentation will therefore be … 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Body (referring) • As I mentioned before, … • As I explained earlier, … • This relates to (the point about) … which I noted in the previous slide. • This connects to my previous argument/statement that <your statement> • • I will touch upon that point in a moment I will explain that in more detail shortly I will expand on that in the next slide I will come back to that later 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Body (rectifying) • • Therefore, A, I mean, B is more effective Therefore, A, or rather, B is more effective Therefore, A, excuse me, B is more effective Therefore, A, (I’m) sorry, B is more effective If there is a mistake on your slide: • Excuse me/(I’m) sorry, that (A) should be B • That should be B instead of/rather than A. • Oh, that should be B. I’m sorry for the mistake. Do NOT correct your English/grammar mistakes if they don’t change the meaning of what you say 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Graph positions • As the top-left figure shows, … • As you can see in the bottom-right graph, … • If we compare the upper and the lower graph, we can see that, … • Compared to the left graph, the right one is … • Let’s have a closer look at … / Let’s zoom in on the point t=15 / If I enlarge this area we can see … • This diagram/flowchart explains how… • If we overlay/impose these experimental data on theoretical/analytical/simulation result, … 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Describing graphs • • As you can see in this graph Please (take a) look at this graph This graph shows/illustrates … On the x-axis/horizontal axis we show the time in seconds from the start of the experiment • The y-axis/vertical axis represents the number of … • Note that the scale (of the X-axis) is logarithmic • The solid/dashed/dotted/thick/thin line shows • The blue/red/green line represents • Each ・ dot + plus-mark ◊ diamond ✱ asterisk (■filled ☐open) square ○● circle represents a sample 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

transitions • In short, Thus, In conclusion, In summary, Therefore, To conclude, To summarize • Furthermore, In addition, Moreover • In fact, That is, As a matter of fact, For instance, To illustrate, such as • In contrast, however, On the other hand • Because, since, For this reason, therefore, as a result, consequently • First, Second, First of all, Last, after, After that, Before, Next 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

• Similarly, Also, Likewise, both…and, alike, the same as, • although, while, differ from, though, whereas, Instead of, except, in spite of, even though, otherwise, unless, still, while, yet • generally, in general, as a general rule, • obviously, naturally, certainly, unquestionably, admittedly, of course, even now, surely, 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Conclusion • • Finally, I would like to summarize my presentation Finally, let me summarize/wrap up my presentation I showed you …, …, and …, so I conclude that … In conclusion, I made the following points: first, …, second, …, and third/finally, …. The results I showed you support/reject my original hypothesis that <your hypothesis> … In closing, I’d like to stress/emphasize that … As you can see, there are some good reasons to. . . I'd like to leave you with the following conclusion: … 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Opening the Q&A session • • • And with that I have reached the end of my presentation. OK. That bring us to the end of my presentation. Thank you very much for your (kind) attention. Thank you very much (for listening). DON’T say “that’s all” • • • I’d be glad to take/answer any questions now. I'd be glad to try and answer any questions. I believe we have a bit more time for questions and comments now, so please feel free to ask me. The floor is open for discussion. Any comments or questions? Now I am ready to answer your questions, if any. I would like to open the floor for discussion now, so can I have the first question or comment please? (Are there) any questions or comments? • • 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Confirming the Question • His/her question is … • He/she asked me whether … • If I understand correctly, his/her/your/the question is … • So you ask whether … is that correct? • Do you mean to ask … ? • May I assume that was a comment rather than a question? 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

If you can’t understand what the questioner says, I’m sorry, could you repeat your question please? (asker will say the same again) I’m afraid I don’t understand your question, could you rephrase it, please? (asker will use different words to say the same) Sorry, could you please slow down a little? (if you cannot catch it because (s)he speaks too fast) Mr. Chairman, could you help me, please? I’m sorry, it is difficult for me to understand your question. Could we discuss it after the session is over? 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Answering the Question • • • That’s a (very) good/important/interesting question Thank you for bringing up that point Well, I’m glad that you ask (show additional slide you prepared) I’m sorry that I could not make that point clear, but actually … In our research we assume that … so I think you will agree with me that in that case …. Yes, we also believe this is an important point and we are planning to take this into account in our future works. I am not sure, I can look it up for you and get back to you later. I haven’t considered that point yet. Thank you for your suggestion. • … does that answer your question? • Are there any other questions (or comments)? 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Final advice There are many ways to give a good presentation. Look critically at your colleagues (and at yourself) and learn from them. Choose a style which suits you. And… 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8

Practice 2015/05/27 Academic Writing 8