Rules for Flaggers WAC 296 155 305 1

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Rules for Flaggers WAC 296 -155 -305 1

Rules for Flaggers WAC 296 -155 -305 1

Definition “Flagger” • “A person who provides temporary traffic control. ” – Definition straight

Definition “Flagger” • “A person who provides temporary traffic control. ” – Definition straight from MUTCD 2

Definition M. U. T. C. D. • Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices Ø

Definition M. U. T. C. D. • Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices Ø Read it on the web: http: //www. wsdot. wa. gov/biz/trafficopera tions/mutcd. htm Where to obtain a copy 3

General Requirements When flaggers are used, employers must • First, apply the requirements of

General Requirements When flaggers are used, employers must • First, apply the requirements of 296 -155305 • Then, set up & use temporary traffic control per MUTCD Click here to understand full text of Subparagraph (1)(a) Click here to Read WISHA’s Enforcement Policy 4

Training • “Job site workers with specific traffic control responsibilities must be trained in…”

Training • “Job site workers with specific traffic control responsibilities must be trained in…” – Traffic control techniques – Device usage – …and placement Click here to read full text of Subparagraph (1)(b) 5

“When to use flaggers” a. “Flaggers are to be used only when other reasonable

“When to use flaggers” a. “Flaggers are to be used only when other reasonable …methods will not adequately control traffic…” b. “If signs [etc. ] do not provide necessary protection…. . you must use flaggers…. ” Click here to read full text of Subparagraphs (2)(a) & (b) 6

Sign Paddles • Flagger signaling must be done with sign paddles Click here to

Sign Paddles • Flagger signaling must be done with sign paddles Click here to read full text of Subparagraph (3)(a) 7

Sign paddles must comply with MUTCD • At least 18” inches in diameter •

Sign paddles must comply with MUTCD • At least 18” inches in diameter • Printed with letters at least 6” high • “STOP” in white letters on red background • “SLOW” in black letters on orange background Click here to read full text of Subparagraph (3)(b) 8

During Periods of Darkness • Paddles must be retroreflective or • Illuminated in the

During Periods of Darkness • Paddles must be retroreflective or • Illuminated in the same manner as signs The definition of “hours of darkness” Click here to read full text of Subparagraph (3)(c) 9

Sign Paddles • Flagger signaling must be done with sign paddles • Flags no

Sign Paddles • Flagger signaling must be done with sign paddles • Flags no longer acceptable except for emergency situations. Click here to read full text of Subparagraph (3)(d) 10

Vehicles Approaching from Behind Either position flaggers so they’re not exposed to such traffic

Vehicles Approaching from Behind Either position flaggers so they’re not exposed to such traffic Or ensure flaggers have adequate visual warning Click here to read full text of 11 Subparagraph (4)

Examples of methods to adequately warn or protect flaggers Mirror on hardhat Spotter “Jersey”

Examples of methods to adequately warn or protect flaggers Mirror on hardhat Spotter “Jersey” barriers” Read “Note” in Subparagraph (4) Thanks to Pacific Road & Bridge Company 12

High-Visibility Garments for Flaggers During daylight hours Read details in Subparagraph (5)(a) 13

High-Visibility Garments for Flaggers During daylight hours Read details in Subparagraph (5)(a) 13

High-Visibility Garments for Flaggers During hours of darkness “Retroreflectivity” Read details in Subparagraph (5)(b)

High-Visibility Garments for Flaggers During hours of darkness “Retroreflectivity” Read details in Subparagraph (5)(b) 14

High-Visibility Garments for Flaggers During hours of darkness – when snow or fog limit

High-Visibility Garments for Flaggers During hours of darkness – when snow or fog limit visibility Reflective tapes Read details in Subparagraph (5)(c) 15

Flagger Training Each flagger must have a valid flagger card in their possession. •

Flagger Training Each flagger must have a valid flagger card in their possession. • Includes details about flagger’s training Read details in Subparagraph (6) 16

Exemption to Flagger Training Requirement Read Exemption to Subparagraph (6) In emergency situations only,

Exemption to Flagger Training Requirement Read Exemption to Subparagraph (6) In emergency situations only, a person without flagger training may be temporarily assigned duties as a flagger. 17

Flagger Orientation and Traffic Control Plan Flagger must have an orientation • for each

Flagger Orientation and Traffic Control Plan Flagger must have an orientation • for each new project, or • when job site conditions change significantly Read required content for orientation in Subparagraph (7)(a) 18

Flagger Orientation and Traffic Control Plan • Site specific traffic control plan required when

Flagger Orientation and Traffic Control Plan • Site specific traffic control plan required when a job will last more than one day Read required content for traffic control plan in Subparagraph (7)(b) 19

Advance Warning Signs • A three sign sequence below 45 mph • Four sign

Advance Warning Signs • A three sign sequence below 45 mph • Four sign sequence 45 and above Read Subparagraph (8)(a) 20

Table 1 – (WSDOT assigned speed to type of road) Signs 21

Table 1 – (WSDOT assigned speed to type of road) Signs 21

* Single Asterisk * “All spacing may be adjusted to accommodate interchange ramps, at-grade

* Single Asterisk * “All spacing may be adjusted to accommodate interchange ramps, at-grade intersections & driveways. ” 22

** Double Asterisk ** • Figures for distance between advance warning signs • Figure

** Double Asterisk ** • Figures for distance between advance warning signs • Figure 1 shows situation typical for roadways with limits under 45 mph. 23

*** Triple Asterisk *** • Spacing may be reduced in urban areas to fit

*** Triple Asterisk *** • Spacing may be reduced in urban areas to fit roadway conditions 24

Mobile Flagging Operation • When flagger moves with the operation Read exemption to Subparagraph

Mobile Flagging Operation • When flagger moves with the operation Read exemption to Subparagraph (8) 25

Employers, Contractors, Owners Must Provide a Safe Job Site for Flaggers… • Flagger stations

Employers, Contractors, Owners Must Provide a Safe Job Site for Flaggers… • Flagger stations are far enough ahead of the work space – Details in Table 2 Read Subparagraph (9)(a) 26

Where Flaggers Must Stand • Shoulder or closed lane – OSHA/WISHA say “must” •

Where Flaggers Must Stand • Shoulder or closed lane – OSHA/WISHA say “must” • Exception: when road users have stopped • What is a “closed lane”? Read Subparagraph (9)(b) 27

Floodlight Placement Flagger workstations must be illuminated during hours of darkness by floodlights –

Floodlight Placement Flagger workstations must be illuminated during hours of darkness by floodlights – except for emergencies – floodlights must not create a glare for drivers Read Subparagraph (9)(c) 28

Flaggers must not be assigned other duties while engaged in flagging activities Read Subparagraph

Flaggers must not be assigned other duties while engaged in flagging activities Read Subparagraph (9)(d) 29

Flaggers must not use devices which may distract the vision, hearing or attention •

Flaggers must not use devices which may distract the vision, hearing or attention • Cell phones • Pagers • Radios Read Subparagraph (9)(e) • Headphones 30

Flaggers must receive appropriate breaks • At least 10 minutes for each four hours

Flaggers must receive appropriate breaks • At least 10 minutes for each four hours of working time • As near as possible to the midpoint of the work period Read Subparagraph (9)(f) • No more than 3 hours work without a rest period 31

Barricades • Only thing added was reference to the MUTCD 32

Barricades • Only thing added was reference to the MUTCD 32

It’s not about the rules. It’s about people’s lives!! 33

It’s not about the rules. It’s about people’s lives!! 33

End of Presentation Click here to exit The following slides are text from the

End of Presentation Click here to exit The following slides are text from the standard. 34

WRD 27. 20 • Clarifies how to combine & enforce WAC 296 -155 and

WRD 27. 20 • Clarifies how to combine & enforce WAC 296 -155 and the MUTCD Link to WRD 27. 20 on the Web Return to previous slide 35

 • You may purchase copies of the MUTCD by writing to: US Government

• You may purchase copies of the MUTCD by writing to: US Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents Mail Stop: SSOP Washington DC 20402 -9328 • Or log on to: https: //www. transportation. org/publications/bo okstore. nsf/Home? Open. Form • http: //www. ite. org/bookstore/index. asp%20 • http: //www. atssa. com/%20 Return to the program Return to the text of the paragraph you were reading 36

ANSI/ISEA 107 -1999 is available by: • Purchasing copies by writing: – American National

ANSI/ISEA 107 -1999 is available by: • Purchasing copies by writing: – American National Standards Institute 11 West 42 nd Street New York, NY 10036 or – Contacting the ANSI website at http: //web. ansi. org/ • Reading a copy at any Washington state library Return to previous slide 37

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(1)(a) When flaggers are used, employers must first apply

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(1)(a) When flaggers are used, employers must first apply the requirements of this section. Then you must set up and use temporary traffic controls according to the guidelines and recommendations in Part VI of the MUTCD. Read the text of paragraph 1 b Return to the program 38

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(1)(b) Job site workers with specific traffic control responsibilities

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(1)(b) Job site workers with specific traffic control responsibilities must be trained in traffic control techniques, device usage, and placement Return to the program 39

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(2)(a) Flaggers are to be used only when other

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(2)(a) Flaggers are to be used only when other reasonable traffic control methods will not adequately control traffic in the work zone. Read the text of paragraph 2 b Return to the program 40

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(2)(b) If signs, signals, and barricades do not provide

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(2)(b) If signs, signals, and barricades do not provide necessary protection from traffic at work zones and construction sites on or adjacent to a highway or street, then you must use flaggers or other appropriate traffic controls. Return to the program 41

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(3)(a) & (b) (a) Flagger signaling must be with

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(3)(a) & (b) (a) Flagger signaling must be with sign paddles approved by WSDOT and conform to guidelines and recommendations of MUTCD. (b) Sign paddles must comply with the requirements of the MUTCD. Read the text of paragraph 3 c Return to the program 42

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(3)(c) When flagging is done during periods of darkness,

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(3)(c) When flagging is done during periods of darkness, sign paddles must be retroreflective or illuminated in the same manner as signs. Read the text of paragraph 3 d Return to the program 43

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(3)(d) During emergency situations, red flags, meeting the specifications

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(3)(d) During emergency situations, red flags, meeting the specifications of the MUTCD, may be used to draw a driver’s attention to particularly hazardous conditions. In nonemergency situations, a red flag may be held in a flagger’s free hand to supplement the use of a sign paddle. Return to the program 44

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(4) (Slide 1 of 3) Adequate warning of approaching

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(4) (Slide 1 of 3) Adequate warning of approaching vehicles. Employers must: • Position work zone flaggers so they are not exposed to traffic or equipment approaching them from behind. – If this is not possible, then the employer, responsible contractor, and/or project owner must develop and use a method to ensure that flaggers have adequate visual warning of traffic and equipment approaching from behind. Read the next part of Paragraph (4) Return to the program 45

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(4) (Slide 2 of 3) NOTE: • The following

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(4) (Slide 2 of 3) NOTE: • The following are some optional examples of methods that may be used to adequately warn or protect flaggers. – Mount a mirror on the flagger’s hard hat – Use an observer – Use “jersey” barriers Read the NOTE in Paragraph (4) Return to the program 46

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(4) (Slide 3 of 3) NOTE (part 2) •

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(4) (Slide 3 of 3) NOTE (part 2) • The department recognizes the importance of adequately trained flaggers and supports industry efforts to improve the quality of flagger training. However, training alone is not sufficient to comply with the statutory requirement of revising flagger safety standards to improve options available that ensure flagger safety and that flaggers have adequate visual warning of objects approaching them from behind. Return to the program 47

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(a) (Slide 1 of 3) While flagging during daylight

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(a) (Slide 1 of 3) While flagging during daylight hours, a flagger must at least wear, as an outer garment: • A high-visibility safety garment designed according to Class 2 specifications in ANSI/ISEA 107 -1999, American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel. • • Consisting on at least 775 square inches of background material that are fluorescent yellow-green, fluorescent orange-red, or fluorescent red in color; and 201 square inches of retroreflective material that encircles the torso and is placed to provide 360 degrees visibility around the flagger. Read the next part of Paragraph (5)(a) Return to the program 48

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(a) (Slide 2 of 3) While flagging during daylight

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(a) (Slide 2 of 3) While flagging during daylight hours, a flagger must at least wear, as an outer garment: • [requirements of previous slide] • A high visibility hard hat that is white, yellow-green, orange or red in color Read the last part of Paragraph (5)(a) Return to the program 49

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(a) (Slide 3 of 3) NOTE: A high-visibility garment

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(a) (Slide 3 of 3) NOTE: A high-visibility garment meets Class 2 specifications if the garment: – Meets the requirements above or – Has an ANSI “Class 2” label Return to the program Return to previous slide 50

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) (Slide 1 of 4) While flagging during hours

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) (Slide 1 of 4) While flagging during hours of darkness, a flagger must at least wear, as an outer garment: • A high-visibility safety garment designed according to Class 2 specifications in ANSI/ISEA 107 -1999 • Consisting on at least 775 square inches of background material that are fluorescent yellow-green, fluorescent orange -red, or fluorescent red in color; and • 201 square inches of retroreflective material that encircles the torso and is placed to provide 360 degrees visibility around the flagger. Read the next part of Paragraph (5)(b) Return to the program 51

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) (Slide 2 of 4) While flagging during hours

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) (Slide 2 of 4) While flagging during hours of darkness, a flagger must at least wear, as an outer garment: • [requirements of the previous slide] • White coveralls, or other coveralls or trousers that have retroreflective banding on the legs designed according to ANSI/ISEA 107 -1999 standards. Read the next part of Paragraph (5)(b) Return to the program 52

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) (Slide 3 of 4) While flagging during hours

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) (Slide 3 of 4) While flagging during hours of darkness, a flagger must at least wear, as an outer garment: • [requirements of the previous two slides] • When snow or fog limit visibility, pants, coveralls, or rain gear, meeting these additional requirements must be worn: – In a highly visible color – With retroreflective banding on the legs; – Designed according to ANSI/ISEA 107 -1999 Read the next part of Paragraph (5)(b) Return to the program 53

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) (Slide 4 of 4) While flagging during hours

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) (Slide 4 of 4) While flagging during hours of darkness, a flagger must at least wear, as an outer garment: • [requirements of the previous three slides] • A high visibility hard hat: – Marked with at least 12 square inches of retroreflective material applied to provide 360 degrees of visibility. Return to the program 54

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(6)(a) Flagger Training. Employers must make sure that: Each

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(6)(a) Flagger Training. Employers must make sure that: Each flagger has in their possession: • A valid Washington traffic control flagger card; or • A valid flagger card from a state such as: • • Oregon Idaho Montana; or Other states having a flagger training reciprocity agreement with Washington Read the text of paragraph (6)(b) Return to the program 55

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(6)(b) Flagger Training. Employers must make sure that: (b)

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(6)(b) Flagger Training. Employers must make sure that: (b) The flagger card shows the following: • • • Verification that the flagger training required is completed; Date the flagger received their flagger training; Name of the instructor providing the flagger training; Name of the state that issued the flagger card; The card’s expiration date, not to exceed three years from the date of issuance; and The flagger’s picture or a statement that says “valid with photo ID. ” Read the text of paragraph (6)(c) Return to the program 56

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(6)(c) Flagger Training. Employers must make sure that: (c)

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(6)(c) Flagger Training. Employers must make sure that: (c) Flagger training is based upon the MUTCD. Exemption: Personnel that have not completed a flagger training course may be assigned duties as flaggers only during emergencies. Emergency assignments are temporary and last only until a certified flagger can be put into the position. Return to the program 57

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(7)(a) Flagger orientation and traffic control plan. (Slide 1

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(7)(a) Flagger orientation and traffic control plan. (Slide 1 of 2) The employer, responsible contractor or project owner must conduct an orientation that familiarizes the flagger with the job site. This requirement applies each time the flagger is assigned to a new project or when job site conditions change significantly. Read the rest of paragraph (7)(a) Return to the program 58

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(7)(a) Flagger orientation and traffic control plan. (Slide 2

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(7)(a) Flagger orientation and traffic control plan. (Slide 2 of 2) The orientation must, include but is not limited to: • The flagger’s role and location on the job site; • Motor vehicle and equipment in operation at the site; • Job site traffic patterns; • Communications and signals to be used between flaggers and equipment operators; • On-foot escape route; and • Other hazards specific to the job site. Read paragraph (7)(b) Return to the program 59

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(7)(b) Flagger orientation and traffic control plan. (Slide 1

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(7)(b) Flagger orientation and traffic control plan. (Slide 1 of 2) If flaggers are used on a job that will last more than one day, then the employer, responsible contractor and/or project owner must keep onsite, a current site specific traffic control plan. The purpose of this plan is to help move traffic through or around the construction zone in a way that protects the safety of the traveling public, pedestrians and workers. Read the rest of paragraph (7)(b) Return to the program 60

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(7)(b) Flagger orientation and traffic control plan. (Slide 2

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(7)(b) Flagger orientation and traffic control plan. (Slide 2 of 2) The plan must include, but is not limited to, the following items when they are appropriate: • Sign use and placement; • Application and removal of pavement markings; • Construction; • Scheduling; • Methods and devices for delineation and channelization; • Placement and maintenance of devices; • Placement of flaggers; • Roadway lighting; • Traffic regulations; and • Surveillance and inspection. Return to the program 61

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(8) Advance warning signs. (a) Employers must provide the

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(8) Advance warning signs. (a) Employers must provide the following on all flagging operations: • A three sign advance warning sequence on all roadways with a speed limit below 45 mph. • A four sign advance warning sequence on all roadways with a 45 mph or higher speed limit. Read paragraph (8)(b) Return to the program 62

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(8) Advance warning signs. (b) Warning signs must reflect

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(8) Advance warning signs. (b) Warning signs must reflect the actual condition of the work zone. When not in use, warning signs must either be taken down or covered. (c) Employers must make sure to follow Table 1 for spacing of advance warning sign placement. View Table 1 See “Exemption” Return to the program 63

See “Exemption” See Figure 1, per double asterisk Return to previous slide 64

See “Exemption” See Figure 1, per double asterisk Return to previous slide 64

“Exemption” Following Paragraph 305(8) In a mobile flagging operation, as defined by the MUTCD

“Exemption” Following Paragraph 305(8) In a mobile flagging operation, as defined by the MUTCD when a flagger is moving with the operation, the “flagger ahead (symbol or text)” sign must be: • Within 1, 500 feet of the flagger; and • The flagger station must be seen from the sign. ---------------If terrain does not allow a motorist to see the flagger from the “flagger ahead” sign, the distance between the flagger and the sign must be shortened to allow visual contact, but in no case can the distance be less than the distance specified in Table 1, Advanced Warning Sign Placement. Return to the program Return “Mobile Flagging Operation” 65

Figure 1 – per ** Return to the program Return to previous slide 66

Figure 1 – per ** Return to the program Return to previous slide 66

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers,

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers, responsible contractors and/or project owners must make sure that: (a) Flagger stations are located far enough in advance of the work space so that the approaching road users will have sufficient distance to stop before entering the work space. Follow Table 2 for the distance of the flagger workstation in advance of the work space Read paragraph (9)(b) Return to the program 67

* Posted speed, off-peak 85 th percentile speed prior to work starting or the

* Posted speed, off-peak 85 th percentile speed prior to work starting or the anticipated operating speed. ** This spacing may be reduced to fit roadway and worksite conditions. Distances greater than those listed in the table are acceptable. Read paragraph (9)(b) Return to paragraph (9)(a) Return to the program 68

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers,

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers, responsible contractors and/or project owners must make sure that: (b) Flaggers stand either on the shoulder adjacent to the road user being controlled or in the closed lane prior to stopping lane users. A flagger must only stand in the lane being used by moving road users after road users have stopped. Read paragraph (9)(c) Return to the program 69

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers,

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers, responsible contractors and/or project owners must make sure that: (c) Flagger workstations are illuminated during hours of darkness by floodlights that do not create glare that poses a hazard for drivers. NOTE: To identify potential glare, observe the lighted area from various directions and angles on the main roadway after initial floodlight setup. “Exemption” to (9)(c) Read paragraph (9)(d) Return to the program 70

“Exemption” Following Paragraph 305(9)(c) Emergency situations are exempt from these illumination requirements. Read paragraph

“Exemption” Following Paragraph 305(9)(c) Emergency situations are exempt from these illumination requirements. Read paragraph (9)(d) Return to text of paragraph (9)(c) Return to the program 71

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers,

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers, responsible contractors and/or project owners must make sure that: (d) Flaggers are not assigned other duties while engaged in flagging activities. Read paragraph (9)(e) Return to the program 72

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers,

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers, responsible contractors and/or project owners must make sure that: (e) Flaggers do not use devices that may distract the flagger’s vision, hearing, or attention. • • Examples of these devices include cell phones, pagers, radios, and headphones. Devices such as two-way radios used for communications between flaggers to direct traffic or ensure flagger safety are acceptable Read paragraph (9)(f) Return to the program 73

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers,

Text of WAC 296 -155 -305(9) Providing a safe job site for flaggers. Employers, responsible contractors and/or project owners must make sure that: (f) Flaggers receive a rest period of at least ten minutes, on the employer’s time, for each four hours of working time. • • Rest periods must be scheduled as near as possible to the midpoint of the work period. A flagger must not be allowed to work more than three hours without a rest period Read “Exemption” to paragraph (9)(f) Return to the program 74

“Exemption” Following Paragraph 305(9)(f) Scheduled rest periods are not required where the nature of

“Exemption” Following Paragraph 305(9)(f) Scheduled rest periods are not required where the nature of the work allows a flagger to take intermittent rest periods equivalent to ten minutes for each four hours worked. Return to paragraph (9)(f) Return to the program 75

Text of WAC 296 -155 -310 Barricades • Employers must make sure that barricades

Text of WAC 296 -155 -310 Barricades • Employers must make sure that barricades used for the protection of employees meet the requirements of Part VI of the MUTCD. Definition of “Barricade” Return to the program 76

Definition Barricade means an obstruction to deter the passage of persons or vehicles. Return

Definition Barricade means an obstruction to deter the passage of persons or vehicles. Return to previous slide 77

WRD 27. 20 Traffic Control and Flagging Operations • See http: //www. lni. wa.

WRD 27. 20 Traffic Control and Flagging Operations • See http: //www. lni. wa. gov/Safety/Rules/Polici es/PDFs/WRD 2720. pdf 78

Definition “Hours of Darkness” WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) “For the purpose of this rule,

Definition “Hours of Darkness” WAC 296 -155 -305(5)(b) “For the purpose of this rule, “hours of darkness” means onehalf hour before sunset and onehalf hour after sunrise. ” Return to previous slide 79

Definition “Emergency” “For the purpose of this rule, ‘emergency’ means an unforeseen occurrence endangering

Definition “Emergency” “For the purpose of this rule, ‘emergency’ means an unforeseen occurrence endangering life, limb, or property. ” Return to previous slide 80

Definition Road User Road user means a vehicle operator, bicyclist, or pedestrian within a

Definition Road User Road user means a vehicle operator, bicyclist, or pedestrian within a public roadway, including workers in temporary traffic control zones. Return to previous slide 81

Definition Signs are the warnings of hazard, temporarily or permanently affixed or placed, at

Definition Signs are the warnings of hazard, temporarily or permanently affixed or placed, at locations where hazards exist. Return to previous slide 82

Definition Signals are moving signs, provided by workers, such as flaggers, or by devices

Definition Signals are moving signs, provided by workers, such as flaggers, or by devices such as flashing lights, to warn of possible or existing hazards. Return to previous slide 83

Definitions Work Space Buffer Space Transition Area Advance Warning Area Return to previous slide

Definitions Work Space Buffer Space Transition Area Advance Warning Area Return to previous slide 84